CN1507509A - 微旦充填保温材料 - Google Patents

微旦充填保温材料 Download PDF

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CN1507509A
CN1507509A CNA038002086A CN03800208A CN1507509A CN 1507509 A CN1507509 A CN 1507509A CN A038002086 A CNA038002086 A CN A038002086A CN 03800208 A CN03800208 A CN 03800208A CN 1507509 A CN1507509 A CN 1507509A
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Լɪ��³����
约瑟夫·鲁米兹
P
维克多·P·拉斯科斯奇
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B68—SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
    • B68G—METHODS, EQUIPMENT, OR MACHINES FOR USE IN UPHOLSTERING; UPHOLSTERY NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B68G1/00—Loose filling materials for upholstery
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/02—Cotton wool; Wadding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43838—Ultrafine fibres, e.g. microfibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
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  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
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Abstract

一种包含纤维球的保温或充填材料，该纤维球由微旦聚酯纤维的随机缠结而形成。

Description

微旦充填保温材料
技术领域
本发明涉及通常称之为纤维球的纤维充填材料的改进。
背景技术
为了得到一种保温材料或充填材料，用作 绒毛材料(down)的恰当代用品，人们进行了许多尝试。聚酯纤维充填材料是其中之一，并且作为枕头、被褥、衣服和家具的的充填材料得到了广泛的商业应用。这种充填材料可具有各种形式，例如各种尺寸的人造短 纤维(staple fiber)、空心或实心纤维以及卷曲纤维等。业已提出各种形状的纤维，例如球形(美国专利No.4,065,599)、具有突出纤维以便互锁的球形(美国专利No.4,820,574)、卷曲的纤维束(美国专利No.4,418,103)、纬起圈纤维(looped fibers)组合(美国专利No.4,555,421)、纤维缕条、半圆形、束和针垫结构(美国专利No.3,892,909)，以上仅列举几种。此外，例如由名称为“Blowable Insulation Clusters”的美国专利No.6,329,051所公开的由碎毛层形成的纤维簇，以及例如由名称为“Blowable Insulation”的美国专利No.6,329,052所公开的这种簇状物与天然纤维(如绒毛)的混合物，特别适合用作保温/充填材料。名称为“Synthetic Down”的美国专利No.4,992,326所公开的宏纤维和微纤维的混合物是良好的的毛层或簇状形式的保温充填材料。还有，美国专利No.4,588,635和No.5,043,207公开的保温/充填材料合成物也适合于用作天然保温材料的代用品。
前述专利中提出了形成纤维填充材料或纤维球的各种方式。其他方式包括美国专利No.5,851,665所公开的方式，其描述了纤维束的点粘接。另一种方式公开在美国专利No.5,218,740中，其中，将一层均匀的人造短纤维送到用梳理机针布(card clothing)覆盖的旋转圆柱并将该纤维卷成圆形簇，该圆形簇能用特殊的脱棉筛网分离。其他方式提出将该纤维吹气(blowing)或气动翻滚(air tumbling)成球(见美国专利No.4,618,531，4,783,364和4,164,534)。
业已提出纤维球和纤维节(有时也称为棉节(nep))之间的区别(见美国专利No.5,344,707)。“节”一词通常指纱线或纤维中的柔软结节或小点或纤维的缠结或缠绕在一起的纤维(Fairchild出版社的纺织词典，1970年版)。也将节解释为，通常形成在梳理机(card)上并具有牢固缠绕的核心的纤维，这种核心对弹性没有贡献。并且，还这样解释，这种节没有用作充填材料所需要的松散、弹性和耐久性(由于不同于纤维球)。
有趣的是，在织物或棉絮生产过程中不希望产生节并且力图避免在梳理过程中出现节(例如参见美国专利No.4,524,492)。如在美国专利No.2,923,980所看到的，节的产生是偶然性的事件，由于它发生在梳理机上，圆筒涂覆物已经变质到这样的程度，不能再生产出理想的织物和棉絮。为实现对节的利用，用于产生节的机器(通常利用改进的梳理机)已被研制出来，例如就公开在前面所述的专利中即有公开。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种具有良好的物理整体性同时具有弹性和耐久性的纤维球。
本发明的另一个目的是形成具有良好的保温性能并且手感柔软的纤维球。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种形成这种纤维球的装置，这种装置不需要对现有的机器进行昂贵且复杂的改进。
本发明的再一个目的是提供与其他材料混合的纤维球，其他材料可以是天然的或合成的。
这些和其他目的和优点由本发明提供。在这方面本发明预计使用具有特定改进的标准梳理机，以制造由微旦聚酯纤维制成的纤维球。这种改进不需要机器部件结构上的改变，而是基本上包括使一些部件和织布在相反方向转动。在生产过程中进行纤维真正的卷拢并缠结成球。这提供极好的整体性、弹性和耐久性。此外还发现，使用微旦聚酯纤维能得到更温暖、更柔软的保温材料或充填材料。还预计，如此获得的纤维球可以与天然或合成纤维混合以适合特定的用途。
附图说明
因此，通过本发明将实现其目的和优点，将结合附图对其描述，其中：
图1以简要形式示出一般的梳理机；
图2以简要形式示出了改进的梳理机，以形成包含本发明教导的纤维球；
图3示出了包含本发明教导的纤维球；
图4代表性地示出正在形成的包含本发明教导的纤维球。
具体实施方式
现在具体地参考附图，图1示出了普通的梳理装置10。美国专利No.5,218,740大致讨论了梳理机的工作，其公开的内容通过参考结合在此。一般地说，梳理包括取大量纤维，将其弯曲，去杂质，排列方向以及形成丝网，然后对其进行进一步加工。不希望的梳理方面是产生节，已经采取步骤和改进来避免形成节。
梳理装置10一般包括主圆柱12，其上设置梳理布14。主圆柱12一般顺时针方向转动。其上游设置一个通常称之为刺辊的小辊16，也用布18覆盖，并且以与主圆柱12转动方向相反的方向转动。靠近小辊16的是多个进给辊20，其中两个进给辊反时针方向转动，一个进给辊顺时针方向转动。
进给辊20将打开的纤维22送到小辊16，纤维22由布18拾起，并且又将它送到主圆柱12。绕主圆柱12的一部分圆周的是多个工作辊24和清除辊26。工作辊/清除辊的转动方向通常与主圆柱12的方向相反以进行梳理。工作辊24上的尖端(或布的取向)28指向进给端(即图1的左侧)，而清除辊26上的尖端30和主圆柱12上的尖端32指向道夫辊一端(即右侧)。梳理作用发生在工作辊26和主圆柱12之间。清除辊24上的布将纤维从工作辊26上剥离并携载这些纤维以便由主圆柱12将纤维从布上分离。设置提毛辊28以便向正在形成的丝网 提供促进，丝网然后被道夫辊30提开。
上面描述了一般的梳理操作。然而，这种操作被改进成不是形成丝网，而是形成纤维球。在这方面，参考图2，其中同样的部件赋予相同的附图标记，但加上一撇。形成节或纤维球的装置10’包括顺时针转动的主圆柱12’。布14’与用在梳理中的方向相同。刺辊16’和进给辊20’以与前述相同的方式运行。但是它们用作进给由聚酯制成的微旦(例如，1梗尼尔或更小)随机的人造短纤维22’。注意，该纤维可以被硅化处理以改进最终产品的触摸感。清除辊24’与前述相同的方式运行。但是，工作辊26’与前述相反的方向转动，其上的布转动方向也相反。提毛辊28’以相同的方向运行，而道夫辊30’与其上的布也以相反的方向运行。
装置10’的目的是制造图3所示的微旦聚酯人造短纤维的纤维球40。这种纤维具有良好的保温作用并且可以与其他天然纤维混合，例如棉、毛、丝、绒或合成纤维。通过使用该装置10’，形成由许多微旦纤维制成的纤维球40，这些纤维球通过工作辊26’、清除辊24’和主圆柱12’的相互作用基本上卷拢并缠绕在一起形成球(见图4)并由道夫辊30’分离。
注意，装置10’仅仅示出一种方式，该方式可以形成本发明的纤维球。也可以用适合于该目的的其他装置。
虽然这里详细公开和描述了优选实施例，其范围不应当因此而受到限制，其范围应当有权利要求确定。

Claims (11)

1.一种保温或充填材料，包含基本为圆形的随机缠结纤维，所述缠结纤维形成包括微旦纤维的纤维球。
2.根据权利要求1的本发明，其特征在于，所有形成纤维球的纤维都是微旦纤维。
3.根据权利要求2的本发明，其特征在于，所述的微旦纤维由聚酯制成。
4.根据权利要求1的本发明，其特征在于，所述的微旦纤维由聚酯制成。
5.根据权利要求1的本发明，其特征在于，所述的保温或充填材料包括与天然纤维或合成纤维混合的纤维球。
6.根据权利要求3的本发明，其特征在于，所述的保温或充填材料包括与天然纤维或合成纤维混合的纤维球。
7.根据权利要求4的本发明，其特征在于，所述的保温或充填材料包括与天然纤维或合成纤维混合的纤维球。
8.根据权利要求1的本发明，其特征在于，所述的纤维是经过硅化处理的。
9.一种保温或充填材料，包括基本为圆形的随机缠结纤维，所述缠结纤维形成纤维球，其中，所述纤维在尺寸上是微旦纤维并且由聚酯制成。
10.根据权利要求9的本发明，其特征在于，所述的保温或充填材料包括与天然纤维或合成纤维混合的纤维球。
11.根据权利要求9的本发明，其特征在于，所述的纤维是经过硅化处理的。
CNB038002086A 2002-02-22 2003-02-13 微旦充填保温材料 Expired - Fee Related CN100523346C (zh)

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CN108070956A (zh) * 2016-11-07 2018-05-25 财团法人纺织产业综合研究所 不织布结构与其制作方法
CN108166159A (zh) * 2017-12-21 2018-06-15 3M创新有限公司 保温填充材料及其制备方法、保温制品

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US7790639B2 (en) * 2005-12-23 2010-09-07 Albany International Corp. Blowable insulation clusters made of natural material
BRPI0821118B1 (pt) 2007-12-14 2018-11-06 Prad Research And Development Limited método de completar um poço, método de tratar uma formação subterrânea interceptada por um poço, utilizando aditivos mutáveis, e método
US8596361B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2013-12-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Proppants and uses thereof
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