CN1504104A - Preparation method of plant stalk feed and organic feed by fixing nitrogen in stalk - Google Patents
Preparation method of plant stalk feed and organic feed by fixing nitrogen in stalk Download PDFInfo
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- CN1504104A CN1504104A CNA021491909A CN02149190A CN1504104A CN 1504104 A CN1504104 A CN 1504104A CN A021491909 A CNA021491909 A CN A021491909A CN 02149190 A CN02149190 A CN 02149190A CN 1504104 A CN1504104 A CN 1504104A
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- stalk
- straw
- organic fertilizer
- nitrogen
- ammonification
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a process for preparing plant stalk fodder / organic fertilizer by fast fixed nitrogen onto the stalk, which comprises the steps of, chopping the agronomic crop stalk, mixing the crushed stalks with nitrogen source for pre-ammonia treatment, and steam crushing treatment. The stalk processed thereby contains rich fermentation carbon and nitrogen source, thus can serve as animal fodder and organic slow release fertilizer.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of a kind of feed or organic fertilizer, particularly a kind of fixedly nitrogen prepares the method for plant straw feedstuff/organic fertilizer in stalk.
Background technology
Agricultural crop straw is except that the densification of natural structure characteristic, and its nitrogen content is low, and C/N is than high, and being influence stalk to be difficult to one of direct major reason as animal-feed and organic fertilizer.At present, mainly adopt dual mode to improve the nitrogen content of stalk: a kind of is to add certain nitrogenous substances when stalk fermentation, reduces the C/N ratio; Another kind is before fermentation, adopts nitrogenous substances that stalk is carried out pre-treatment, has both adjusted the nitrogen content of stalk, has also changed the structure of stalk simultaneously, is beneficial to the trans-utilization of stalk.Most representative example is the ammonification processing and the fermentation utilization of ammoniated straw in ruminant tumor gastric of stalk.Since the seventies, straw ammoniation is handled and has been obtained applying on a large scale the beginning of the eighties in Europe, this technology just developed in China (the wing one human relations wing flies, the nutritive value of agricultural and sideline product and process feeding, Science Press, 1994, pp35-58, the ammonia treatment of stalk).Ammonification is handled and is meant that nitrogenous source closed processes stalks such as using liquefied ammonia, ammoniacal liquor, urea, purpose make stalk softening, increases the non-protein nitrogen(NPN) of stalk, improves the nutritive value of stalk.Conventional at present ammonating process mainly contains Dutch stack process, pond, cellar for storing things method, ammonification oven process.Dutch stack process is that stalk is ricked, and buttress injects the ammonia source and carries out the ammonification processing with the sealing of non-toxic polyethylene plastics film.Pond, cellar for storing things method is that water mud is made Jiao Chi, can save the consumption of plastic film, reduces cost.Stalk is gone into before the cellar for storing things and the nitrogenous source mixing, and dress is stored then, the compacting sealing.The ammonification oven process can be handled fast stalk ammonating, and the ammonification stove is made up of body of heater, heating unit, air circulation system.It also is alkalinisation treatment from saying in fact that stalk is handled in ammonification, and it can change coarse-fibred structure, thereby improves animal to organic digestibility.But at present straw ammoniation is handled and is had many problems, and very limited as the raising to the nutritive value of stalk, crude fiber content does not almost change, and nitrogen mainly is to be adsorbed on the stalk with inorganic nitrogen; Treatment time is grown (30d); Can not effectively destroy the dense structure (digestive utilization ratio is low) of stalk; Operate dangerous (liquefied ammonia is dangerous); Only can be used as ruminating animal roughage, and easily make animal produce murder by poisoning; The not high shortcoming of the utilization ratio of ammonia.
In order to solve the variety of problems that exists in the present straw ammoniation processing, spy of the present invention has proposed a kind of fixedly nitrogen prepares feed and organic fertilizer in stalk method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fixedly nitrogen to prepare the method for plant straw feedstuff/organic fertilizer in stalk.This method has adopted ammonification pre-treatment and steam explosion bonded step, not only effectively destroy the natural dense structure of stalk, generation great amount of soluble sugar, and make inorganic nitrogen partly be converted into combination nitrogen, the quick-fried processing cycle of vapour short (several minutes), improved the utilization ratio and the organic digestibility of ammonia greatly, can be by the product of this method preparation directly as animal-feed and organic fertilizer.
Fixedly nitrogen provided by the invention prepares the method for plant straw feedstuff/organic fertilizer in stalk, may further comprise the steps successively: agricultural crop straw after will shredding and nitrogenous source thorough mixing carry out pre-ammonification to be handled; Carrying out steam explosion then handles; Described agricultural crop straw is wheat stalk, rice straw, maize straw, beanstalk, jowar stalk or peanut straw; Described crop stalk is the long segment of 1～5cm by chopping; It is nitrogenous source based on the ammoniacal liquor of agricultural crop straw weight 10～20% that described pre-ammonification is treated to employing, and it is mixed with agricultural crop straw, adds the solid-liquid weight ratio to 1 that water is regulated mixture: 0.8～1: 1, stir; Described pre-ammonification is handled and is comprised that further the mixture that will stir seals 8～12 hours; It is nitrogenous source based on 2～10% ammonium sulphite of agricultural crop straw weight that described pre-ammonification is treated to employing, and it is mixed with agricultural crop straw, adds entry and regulates solid-liquid weight ratio to 1: 0.5～1: 1, stir; Described steam explosion is handled and be may further comprise the steps:
(1) straw after the pre-ammonification is placed steam-explosion jar;
(2) feed saturation steam in steam-explosion jar, pressure reaches in 0.8～1.5MPa scope to the steam-explosion jar, and dimension was pressed 5～15 minutes;
(3) afterwards, instant decompression discharges, and promptly makes plant straw feedstuff/organic fertilizer.
Fixedly nitrogen provided by the invention prepares the method for plant straw feedstuff/organic fertilizer in stalk, ammonification pre-treatment and steam explosion bonded step have been adopted, not only effectively destroy the natural dense structure of stalk, generation great amount of soluble sugar, and make inorganic nitrogen partly be converted into combination nitrogen, the quick-fried processing cycle of vapour is lacked (several minutes), has improved the utilization ratio and the organic digestibility of ammonia greatly, can be directly as animal-feed and organic fertilizer by the product of this method preparation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is launched to further specify.
Embodiment 1 fixedly nitrogen prepares corn straw feedstuff in corn stalk:
Shredding corn stalk to 1～5cm is long, and 15% the ratio heavy in stalk adds ammoniacal liquor, and regulate solid: the liquid weight ratio is 1: 1, mixes thoroughly, seal 12 hours, finishes pre-ammonification processing.Afterwards, wetting maize straw is packed in the quick-fried device of vapour, feeds saturation steam, reach 1.5MPa pressure after, dimension was pressed 5 minutes, the instant decompression relief pressure, the product that obtains promptly can be used as ruminant feed.
Total nitrogen, combined nitrogen, soluble nitrogen Determination on content result in the prepared corn straw feedstuff of present embodiment:
The corn straw feedstuff oven dry that present embodiment is prepared, surveying total nitrogen by Kjeldahl determination is 2.4%.Other gets the stalk after the oven dry, in 1: 20 ratio (W/W) adding distilled water, soaked 3 hours, and will stir during immersion, filter then, the oven dry filter residue, nitrogen content with Kjeldahl determination (" soil organism organon " agriculture press, 1984) survey filter residue is combined nitrogen, content is 1.18%, and total nitrogen deducts combined nitrogen and is soluble nitrogen 1.22%.
Fibrous and digestibility result in the prepared corn straw feedstuff of present embodiment:
The fibrous of raw material corn stalk is: hemicellulose is 35.38%, Mierocrystalline cellulose is 26.03%, xylogen is 6.83%; The digestibility of organic substance is 43.48%.
The prepared corn straw feedstuff of present embodiment is fibrous to be: hemicellulose is 16.93%, Mierocrystalline cellulose is 27.15%, xylogen is 12.43%; The digestibility of organic substance is 63.38%.
Embodiment 2 quick fixedly nitrogens prepare wheat stalk organic slow-release fertilizer in wheat stalk:
Wheat stalk is crushed to 1～5cm length, press 20% heavy adding ammoniacal liquor of stalk, adding water transfers solid: the liquid weight ratio is 1: 0.8, directly pack into after mixing thoroughly in the steam-explosion jar, feed saturation steam, reach 1.0MPa to pressure, dimension was pressed 10 minutes, instant decompression discharges, and with stalk blending 5% phosphate fertilizer that obtains, writes " solid waste composting and mixed organic manure production " (Chemical Industry Press by Li Guoxue and Zhang Fusuo, Beijing, 2000) in the ordinary method granulation, the oven dry, promptly obtain the wheat stalk organic fertilizer.
Use Kjeldahl determination and analyze the nitrogen content of the quick-fried front and back of stalk vapour sample.The result shows that the nitrogen content of the quick-fried ammonification of stalk vapour before and after handling bring up to 2.38% by 0.31%, and wherein 60% nitrogen is organic slow-release nitrogen.
Embodiment 3 quick fixedly nitrogens prepare maize straw organic slow-release fertilizer in maize straw:
Maize straw is crushed to 1～5cm, presses 5% heavy adding ammonium sulphite of stalk, and transfer solid: the liquid weight ratio is 1: 1, directly pack into after mixing thoroughly in the steam-explosion jar, feed saturation steam, reach 0.8MPa pressure after, dimension was pressed 8 minutes, instant decompression discharges stalk, and blending 5% phosphate fertilizer is write " solid waste composting and mixed organic manure production " (Chemical Industry Press by Li Guoxue and Zhang Fusuo, Beijing, 2000) in the ordinary method granulation, the oven dry, promptly obtain the maize straw organic fertilizer.
Use Kjeldahl determination and analyze the nitrogen content of the quick-fried front and back of stalk vapour sample.The result shows that the nitrogen content of the quick-fried ammonification of stalk vapour before and after handling bring up to 2.8% by 0.38%, and wherein 70% nitrogen is organic slow-release nitrogen.Embodiment 4 quick fixedly nitrogens prepare jowar stalk organic slow-release fertilizer material in the jowar stalk:
The jowar stalk is crushed to 1～5cm, presses 10% heavy adding ammonium sulphite of stalk, and transfer solid: the liquid weight ratio is 1: 0.5, directly pack into after mixing thoroughly in the steam-explosion jar, feed saturation steam, reach 1.2MPa pressure after, dimension was pressed 15 minutes, instant decompression discharges stalk, and blending 5% phosphate fertilizer is write " solid waste composting and mixed organic manure production " (Chemical Industry Press by Li Guoxue and Zhang Fusuo, Beijing, 2000) in the ordinary method granulation, the oven dry, promptly obtain organic fertilizer.
Fixedly nitrogen is in stalk by method of the present invention, and the product that obtains can directly use as organic fertilizer as feed or after adding phosphate fertilizer.Compare with present straw ammoniation processing, the advantage of the inventive method is to have adopted ammonification pre-treatment and steam explosion bonded step, not only effectively destroy the natural dense structure of stalk, generation great amount of soluble sugar, and make inorganic nitrogen partly be converted into combination nitrogen, the quick-fried processing cycle of vapour short (several minutes), the utilization ratio and the organic digestibility of ammonia have been improved greatly, thereby avoided present ammonification handle in the treatment time longer, can not effectively destroy the dense structure of stalk, and product only can be used as ruminating animal roughage, and animal produced poison the not high shortcoming of the utilization ratio of ammonia.
Claims (7)
- One kind fixedly nitrogen prepare the method for plant straw feedstuff/organic fertilizer in stalk, may further comprise the steps successively: agricultural crop straw after will shredding and nitrogenous source thorough mixing carry out pre-ammonification to be handled; Carrying out steam explosion then handles.
- 2. fixedly nitrogen as claimed in claim 1 prepares the method for plant straw feedstuff/organic fertilizer in stalk, it is characterized in that described agricultural crop straw is wheat stalk, rice straw, maize straw, beanstalk, jowar stalk or peanut straw.
- 3. fixedly nitrogen as claimed in claim 1 prepares the method for plant straw feedstuff/organic fertilizer in stalk, it is characterized in that, described crop stalk is the long segment of 1～5cm by chopping.
- 4. fixedly nitrogen as claimed in claim 1 prepares the method for plant straw feedstuff/organic fertilizer in stalk, it is characterized in that, it is nitrogenous source based on the ammoniacal liquor of agricultural crop straw weight 10～20% that described pre-ammonification is treated to employing, it is mixed with agricultural crop straw, add water and regulate the solid-liquid weight ratio to 1 of mixture: 0.8～1: 1, stir.
- 5. fixedly nitrogen as claimed in claim 4 prepares the method for plant straw feedstuff/organic fertilizer in stalk, it is characterized in that, described pre-ammonification is handled and further comprised the mixture sealing that will stir 8～12 hours.
- 6. fixedly nitrogen as claimed in claim 1 prepares the method for plant straw feedstuff/organic fertilizer in stalk, it is characterized in that, it is nitrogenous source based on 2～10% ammonium sulphite of agricultural crop straw weight that described pre-ammonification is treated to employing, it is mixed with agricultural crop straw, add entry and regulate solid-liquid weight ratio to 1: 0.5～1: 1, stir.
- 7. fixedly nitrogen as claimed in claim 1 prepares the method method of plant straw feedstuff/organic fertilizer in stalk, it is characterized in that, described steam explosion is handled and be may further comprise the steps:(1) straw after the pre-ammonification is placed steam-explosion jar;(2) feed saturation steam in steam-explosion jar, pressure reaches in 0.8～1.5MPa scope to the steam-explosion jar, and dimension was pressed 5～15 minutes;(3) afterwards, instant decompression discharges, and promptly makes plant straw feedstuff/organic fertilizer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA021491909A CN1504104A (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2002-11-28 | Preparation method of plant stalk feed and organic feed by fixing nitrogen in stalk |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA021491909A CN1504104A (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2002-11-28 | Preparation method of plant stalk feed and organic feed by fixing nitrogen in stalk |
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| CN1504104A true CN1504104A (en) | 2004-06-16 |
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| CNA021491909A Pending CN1504104A (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2002-11-28 | Preparation method of plant stalk feed and organic feed by fixing nitrogen in stalk |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100580054C (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2010-01-13 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Production of desertification land improvement material with steam shatter stalk solid-state fermentation |
| CN101255073B (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2010-06-02 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for preparing stone slope greening base material by steam explosion of plant straw and solid-state fermentation |
| CN101816370A (en) * | 2010-03-10 | 2010-09-01 | 南京农业大学 | Gas eruption-based method for preparing feed with high nutritive value by crop straws |
| CN102250362A (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2011-11-23 | 杜建俊 | Technology for producing ammonium lignosulfonate from wheat bran |
| CN103190306A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-10 | 胡元南 | Agricultural seedling tray using all-nutrient WoRong soil |
| CN103416586A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-12-04 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Goat fattening pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN103641630A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-03-19 | 汝州市九龙牧业有限公司 | Leaf vegetable organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103739329A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-23 | 稼禾生物股份有限公司 | Method for producing novel organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straws |
| CN104719626A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-06-24 | 铁岭禾润生物质科技有限公司 | Method for preparing high-protein solid and liquid feed by cornstalks, urea, hydrogen peroxide or urea peroxide |
| CN105995012A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-10-12 | 丁大喜 | Preparation method of crop straw feed for Hu-sheep feeding |
-
2002
- 2002-11-28 CN CNA021491909A patent/CN1504104A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100580054C (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2010-01-13 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Production of desertification land improvement material with steam shatter stalk solid-state fermentation |
| CN101255073B (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2010-06-02 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for preparing stone slope greening base material by steam explosion of plant straw and solid-state fermentation |
| CN101816370A (en) * | 2010-03-10 | 2010-09-01 | 南京农业大学 | Gas eruption-based method for preparing feed with high nutritive value by crop straws |
| CN101816370B (en) * | 2010-03-10 | 2013-01-16 | 南京农业大学 | Gas eruption-based method for preparing feed with high nutritive value by crop straws |
| CN102250362A (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2011-11-23 | 杜建俊 | Technology for producing ammonium lignosulfonate from wheat bran |
| CN103190306A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-10 | 胡元南 | Agricultural seedling tray using all-nutrient WoRong soil |
| CN103416586A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-12-04 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Goat fattening pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN103641630A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-03-19 | 汝州市九龙牧业有限公司 | Leaf vegetable organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103739329A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-23 | 稼禾生物股份有限公司 | Method for producing novel organic fertilizer by fermenting plant straws |
| CN104719626A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-06-24 | 铁岭禾润生物质科技有限公司 | Method for preparing high-protein solid and liquid feed by cornstalks, urea, hydrogen peroxide or urea peroxide |
| CN104719626B (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2017-11-24 | 铁岭禾润生物质科技有限公司 | A kind of method of cornstalk urea hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide legal system high protein solid and liquid feed |
| CN105995012A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-10-12 | 丁大喜 | Preparation method of crop straw feed for Hu-sheep feeding |
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