CN1502791A - 使具有中心安装滑阀的凸轮相位器排气的方法 - Google Patents

使具有中心安装滑阀的凸轮相位器排气的方法 Download PDF

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CN1502791A
CN1502791A CNA031410812A CN03141081A CN1502791A CN 1502791 A CN1502791 A CN 1502791A CN A031410812 A CNA031410812 A CN A031410812A CN 03141081 A CN03141081 A CN 03141081A CN 1502791 A CN1502791 A CN 1502791A
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phase discriminator
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connector
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R��T������ɭ
R·T·辛普森
ʷ
F·R·史密斯
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Abstract

一种用于具有至少一个凸轮轴的内燃机的可变凸轮轴相位调节装置(相位器)。该相位器具有一个具有用于接受驱动力的外周的壳体和一个与同轴地位于上述壳体内的凸轮轴相连接的转子。该壳体和转子能够旋转，以转换凸轮轴和曲轴的相对角位置。该滑阀包括一个可滑动地安装在该转子中的一个孔内的阀芯。在该阀芯中设置有一个腔室，该腔室具有一个与其中安装有阀芯的孔连通的输入通道、一个与外部连通的输出通道和一种气流限制结构。通过该气流限制结构防止液压流体从上述与该孔连通的输入通道与外部连通。该气流限制结构在上述与该孔连通的输入通道中，或者在上述与外部连通的输出通道中。

Description

使具有中心安装滑阀的凸轮相位器排气的方法
相关申请的参考
本申请要求2002年6月14日提交的题目为“使具有中心安装滑阀的叶片式凸轮相位器排气的方法”的、以临时申请号60/389,068公开的发明优先权。在这里要求获得上述美国临时申请在美国专利法第119(e)条(35USC§119(e))中可以保护的利益，并且上述申请作为参考结合在这里。
技术领域
本发明涉及可变凸轮轴定时系统领域。尤其是，本发明涉及一种使可变凸轮轴定时系统的空气流出的排气机构。
背景技术
内燃机利用不同的机构来改变凸轮轴和曲轴之间的角度，以改善发动机性能或降低排放。这些可变凸轮轴定时(VCT)系统中的大部分在发动机的一个凸轮轴(或在多凸轮轴发动机中的多个凸轮轴)上使用了一个或多个“叶片相位器”。在大多数情况下，上述相位器具有一个带有一个或多个叶片的转子，上述转子安装在凸轮轴的端部，由一个具有叶片腔室的壳体围绕，叶片配合在上述腔室中。叶片也可以安装在转子上，或者壳体中的上述腔室内。上述壳体外周形成链轮齿、皮带轮或齿轮，以接受通常来自凸轮轴(通常是链、皮带或齿轮)的驱动。上述相位器使用发动机油作为工作流体，上述流体被引入到叶片两侧的油室中，从而使凸轮轴相对于曲轴的驱动转动一定角度。
因为相位器不能被良好地密封，所以它们受到引入系统中空气的影响。当空气存在于相位器中，它可能会导致叶片的发出卡嗒卡嗒声、难于保持相位角和完整滞后响应。在现有技术中，存在于系统中的空气通过反向转矩而压缩在叶片中或被允许通过密封件逸出。现有技术没有提供一种有效的实用方式来去除存在于相位器中的空气。
在一个可变凸轮定时(VCT)系统中，凸轮轴上的定时齿轮由一个作为“相位器”被公知的变角耦合机构取代，该变角耦合机构具有一个与凸轮轴相连的转子和一个与定时齿轮相连(或与之一起形成)的壳体，这允许凸轮轴在角度范围限制内旋转，和定时齿轮无关，从而改变凸轮轴和曲轴的相对定时。如本文所使用的术语“相位器”包括壳体和转子，以及所有控制壳体与转子的相对角位置以允许凸轮轴定时与曲轴错开的部件。应该理解，在任何一种多凸轮轴发动机中，同现有技术那样，在每一个凸轮轴上都会有一个相位器。
现在有三种普通类型的相位器，即：凸轮转矩致动(CTA)的相位器、油压致动(OPA)的相位器和扭矩或转矩协助(TA)的相位器。在一个CTA相位器中，可变凸轮定时系统使用在凸轮轴中由于打开和关闭发动机阀的力所导致的反向转矩来移动叶片。控制阀设置用于允许流体在腔室之间流动以使叶片运动，或止动油的流动以将叶片锁定就位。该CTA相位器具有油输入，以补偿由于泄漏造成的损失，但是不使用发动机油压来运动相位器。
在OPA或TA相位器中，发动机油压在提前或延迟腔室中从叶片的一侧施加到另一侧，以运动叶片。TA相位器或者在通入每一腔室的每一条供给管路中加入一个止回阀，或者在通向滑阀的发动机油管路中加入一个止回阀。这些止回阀阻止了由于转矩造成的油压脉冲向油系统中的回流，并防止叶片由于反向转矩而向回运动。允许叶片由于前向转矩效果而产生的运动。
在所有这三种相位器中，即OPA、CTA或TA中，滑阀控制油，从而该油被允许进入叶片腔室和从中流出。阀芯通过其台肩的位置控制油的进入和流出。阀芯的位置由一个应力螺线管或一个压差控制系统(DPCS)控制，该螺线管可以是机械的、电的或可变的。滑阀受到弹簧的影响而向该应力螺线管运动。滑阀通常位于转子中的一个孔内。
发明内容
一种用于具有至少一个凸轮轴的内燃机的可变凸轮轴相位调节装置(相位器)。该相位器具有一个具有用于接受驱动力的外周的壳体和一个与同轴地位于上述壳体内的凸轮轴相连接的转子。该壳体和转子能够旋转，以转换凸轮轴和曲轴的相对角位置。该滑阀包括一个可滑动地安装在该转子中一个孔内的阀芯。在该阀芯中设置有一个腔室，该腔室具有一个与其中安装有阀芯的孔连通的输入通道、一个与外部连通的输出通道和一种气流限制结构。通过该气流限制结构可以防止液压流体从上述与该孔连通的输入通道与外部连通。该气流限制结构在上述与该孔连通的输入通道中，或者在上述与外部连通的输出通道中。
附图说明
图1简要示出了一个使中心安装滑阀排气的排气机构。
图2简要示出了一个使中心安装滑阀排气的另一种替代排气机构。
图3简要示出了另一种排气机构。
图4简要示出了一个使中心安装滑阀排气的又一种替代排气机构。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一个可变凸轮定时相位器的滑阀。滑阀109居中地位于转子(未示出)中。滑阀109由一个圆柱形件112和一个可往复滑动的阀芯104构成。阀芯104在其相对两端具有圆柱形台肩104a和104b。台肩104a和104b密合装配在圆柱形件112内并如此就位，从而当相位器处于零位时，台肩104a、104b分别阻止液压流体向进入管路111、113的进入/流出，如图1、2和4所示。阀芯相对于进入管路111、113的位置受到弹簧116和致动器103的影响。在管路中的液压流体优选为发动机油。
在阀芯104中设置有一个中空的中心腔室206。该中空的中心腔室与一个排气通道208相连。该排气通道从该中空的中心腔室径向向外垂直走向。由于阀芯104的转动，比空气重的液压流体运动到滑阀109的外周，例如运动到空腔114。存在于滑阀109中的、比液压流体轻的空气就被推入中心腔室206。液压流体通过供给管路210被引入滑阀109中。
在中心腔室206中设置有一个止回阀200和一个插塞110。插塞110位于中心腔室的离弹簧116最近的端部。插塞110紧密装配在中心腔室206中。与插塞110相对的止回阀200具有一个环形座，以允许空气从中心腔室206向排气通道208流动，该排气通道通向可变凸轮轴定时系统的外部。由球200c阻止进入该系统的空气从排气通道208流入中心腔室206，该球可弹性复位地推动座200a。止回阀200也防止液压流体从中心腔室206(如果存在的话)向排气通道208流动。当发动机关断时，止回阀200关闭并防止其从排气通道208流出。当发动机运行时，止回阀200打开并明显阻止流动，以使油泄漏最小。因此，止回阀200允许空气沿一个方向流出或逸出，即收集在中心腔室206中的空气通过排气通道208释放，消除了保持相位角的滞后、摆动和任何难于保持相位角的情况。
止回阀200优选具有一个2到3psi的打开压力，该压力小于相位器锁销工作所需的最小压力。例如，如果可变凸轮轴定时系统的锁销在6psi时释放，止回阀200的打开压力便优选为3psi。止回阀200的打开压力确保止回阀200在锁销释放时打开并排气。因此，当发动机开始起动时，收集在油箱中的空气从止回阀200逸出，直到液压流体填充相位器并产生足以释放锁销的压力。
图2示出了一个替代实施例。在滑芯104的中心腔室206中设置有一个烧结金属插塞300和插塞100。滑芯104的中心腔室206与排气通道208相连，该排气通道通向可变凸轮轴定时系统的外部。插塞110位于中心腔室206中离弹簧116最近的端部。插塞110紧密装配在中心腔室206中。该实施例的烧结金属插塞用于替换前一个实施例中的止回阀200。烧结金属插塞300是多孔的，以允许空气通过排气通道208逸出。烧结金属插塞300的孔优选小得足以可以明显阻止液压流体通过烧结金属插塞300流到排气通道208中。由于阀芯104的转动，比空气重的液压流体运动到滑阀109的外周，例如运动到空腔114。存在于滑阀109中的、比液压流体轻的空气被推入中心腔室206。空气从中心腔室206通过烧结金属插塞300的孔运动到排气通道208中，空气在该排气通道中从可变凸轮轴定时系统中排出。
图3示出了另一种用于中心安装滑阀的排气机构。该中心安装的滑阀包含有一个曲折路径排气插塞400和插塞110。插塞110位于中心腔室206中离弹簧116最近的端部。插塞110紧密装配在中心腔室206中。曲折路径排气插塞400的位置与插塞110相对。曲折路径排气插塞400允许空气经过曲折路径排气插塞400进入排气通道208，并明显阻止液压流体经过该插塞的流动。曲折路径排气插塞400可以是一种桶形螺杆类型的插塞、一种在表面上带有螺旋路径的塑料盘或者是其它带有小路径的类似材料。在图3中简要示出了中心腔室206的内容。
由于阀芯104的转动，比空气重的液压流体运动到滑阀109的外周，例如运动到空腔114。存在于滑阀109中的、比液压流体轻的空气被推入中心腔室206。空气从中心腔室206通过烧结金属插塞300的孔运动到排气通道208中，空气在该排气通道中从可变凸轮轴定时系统中排出。
图4示出了又一种用于中心安装滑阀的排气机构。滑阀109中心位于转子(未示出)。滑阀109由一个圆柱形件112和一个可往复滑动的阀芯104构成。阀芯104在其相对两端具有圆柱形台肩104a和104b。台肩104a和104b密合装配在圆柱形件112内并如此就位，从而当相位器处于零位时，台肩104a、104b分别阻止液压流体向进入管路111、113的进入/流出，如图4所示。阀芯相对于进入管路111、113的位置受到弹簧116和应力螺线管103的影响。
在阀芯104的中心是细通道510，该通道在阀芯104的整个中心宽度上延伸。垂直延伸通过该滑阀的是一个排气通道520。排气通道520与在阀芯104中心宽度上延伸的通道510相交。可以防止液压流体进入围绕着弹簧116区域中的插塞110还可以防止防止排气通道520在阀芯104的整个水平长度上延伸。细通道510包含有一个金属丝，该金属丝比细通道510的直径只是小一英寸的千分之几，以便允许存在于系统中的空气具有一个通道进入阀芯的中心。由于阀芯104的转动，比空气重的液压流体运动到滑阀109的外周，例如运动到空腔114。存在于滑阀109中的、比液压流体轻的空气被推动经过包含有金属丝的细通道510进入排气通道520。空气由该排气通道520从该系统中排出。
上述附图简要示出了处于零位置的0PA或TA相位器。上述实施例还可以容易地被本领域的技术人员应用到CTA相位器中。
相应可以理解地是，在此描述的本发明实施例仅仅是说明本发明的应用原理。对实施例细节的描述并不意味着对权利要求书范围的限制，权利要求书本身叙述了那些对于本发明重要的特征。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于具有至少一个凸轮轴的内燃机的可变凸轮轴定时相位器，其包括：
一个壳体，其具有一个用于接受驱动力的外周；
一个转子，其与一个同轴地位于上述壳体内的凸轮轴相连接，并能够转动以转换上述壳体和转子的相对角位置；
一个滑阀，其包括一个可滑动地安装在该转子内的一个孔中的阀芯；和
一个腔室，其具有一个与该孔连通的输入通道、一个与外部连通的输出通道和一种气流限制结构，从而通过该气流限制结构防止液压流体从上述与该孔连通的输入通道与外部连通。
2.按权利要求1所述的相位器，其中，上述与该孔连通的输入通道包含有该气流限制结构。
3.按权利要求2所述的相位器，其中，该气流限制结构是一种止回阀。
4.按权利要求2所述的相位器，其中，该气流限制结构是一种多孔插塞。
5.按权利要求3所述的相位器，其中，该多孔插塞是金属的。
6.按权利要求4所述的相位器，其中，该多孔插塞包含有小孔，这些小孔尺寸非常小，从而防止液压流体进入这些小孔。
7.按权利要求2所述的相位器，其中，该气流限制结构是一种曲折路径排气插塞。
8.按权利要求7所述的相位器，其中，该曲折路径排气插塞是一种桶形螺杆类型的插塞。
9.按权利要求7所述的相位器，其中，该曲折路径排气插塞是一种在表面上带有曲折路径的塑料盘。
10.按权利要求1所述的相位器，其中，该与外部连通的输出通道包含有上述气流限制结构。
11.按权利要求10所述的相位器，其中，该气流限制结构是一种摆动金属丝。
12.按权利要求1所述的相位器，其中，该液压流体是发动机油。
CNA031410812A 2002-06-14 2003-06-13 使具有中心安装滑阀的凸轮相位器排气的方法 Pending CN1502791A (zh)

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CN102606250A (zh) * 2011-04-15 2012-07-25 绵阳富临精工机械股份有限公司 凸轮轴穿过式相位调节器
CN103133075A (zh) * 2011-11-24 2013-06-05 株式会社电装 气门正时控制器

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JP4202297B2 (ja) * 2004-05-20 2008-12-24 株式会社日立製作所 内燃機関のバルブタイミング制御装置
JP4640616B2 (ja) * 2006-08-23 2011-03-02 アイシン精機株式会社 弁開閉時期制御装置
JP4952568B2 (ja) * 2007-12-21 2012-06-13 株式会社デンソー バルブタイミング調整装置
JP2011185100A (ja) * 2010-03-04 2011-09-22 Denso Corp 内燃機関のバルブタイミング変更装置
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US11174761B1 (en) * 2020-05-15 2021-11-16 Borgwarner, Inc. Variable camshaft timing (VCT) phaser assembly and control valve installed remotely
US12000315B2 (en) * 2021-07-09 2024-06-04 Borgwarner Inc. Variable cam timing phaser and system including the same
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CN101109302B (zh) * 2006-07-19 2010-06-09 爱信精机株式会社 气门正时控制装置
CN102606250A (zh) * 2011-04-15 2012-07-25 绵阳富临精工机械股份有限公司 凸轮轴穿过式相位调节器
CN103133075A (zh) * 2011-11-24 2013-06-05 株式会社电装 气门正时控制器
CN103133075B (zh) * 2011-11-24 2015-05-20 株式会社电装 气门正时控制器

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