CN1502183A - 具有可重配置光交换器和可调谐备份激光发射器的波分复用光通信系统 - Google Patents

具有可重配置光交换器和可调谐备份激光发射器的波分复用光通信系统 Download PDF

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CN1502183A
CN1502183A CNA028066693A CN02806669A CN1502183A CN 1502183 A CN1502183 A CN 1502183A CN A028066693 A CNA028066693 A CN A028066693A CN 02806669 A CN02806669 A CN 02806669A CN 1502183 A CN1502183 A CN 1502183A
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wavelength
output port
channel wavelength
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channel
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托马斯・安德鲁・斯特拉瑟
托马斯·安德鲁·斯特拉瑟
邦恩凡特
保罗·邦恩凡特
・L・瓦格纳
杰斐逊·L·瓦格纳
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Photuris Inc
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Abstract

一种WDM光通信系统(10)，其包括由通信链路互连的多个节点，一节点包括：可重配置光交换器(2)，具有多个输入端口(24)、至少一个输出端口(26)和多个发射器(2)，每一个都耦合到输入端口。每一个发射器在不同于其它的信道波长上产生光信号。所述交换器适于在任何输入端口接收任何信道波长，且将它们引导到输出端口。耦合到所述输入端口中的一个的至少一个备份发射器，其包括可调谐激光器，可以调谐到任何信道波长上。所述换器包括至少一个波长选择部件，选择来自于在所述输出端口接收到的波长中的至少一个波长，以及与所述波长选择部件相关的多个光部件。

Description

具有可重配置光交换器和可调谐备 份激光发射器的波分复用光通信系统
本申请要求于2001年3月16日提交的、题为“可重配置光系统”的美国临时申请60/276,310的优先权益。
技术领域
本发明总的来说涉及波分复用光通信系统，具体地说涉及包括耦合到具有可调谐激光器的备份发射器的波分复用光通信系统。
背景技术
波分多路复用转换器(WDM)已开发为一种用于增强光纤网络对高速增长的数据和语音业务应用支持的能力。WDM系统使用多个光学信号通道，每个通道都分配了特定的通道波长。在WDM系统中，信号通道被生成、多路复用，并经过单个波导管发射，又被多路分解，将每个通道的波长单独地路由到目标接收机。通过使用诸如掺杂光纤放大器的光学放大器，可将多个光学通道同时直接放大，为在远距离光学系统中使用WDM系统带来便利。
推荐的波分复用光通信系统通常包括多路复用和解多路复用交换部件，它们仅允许在光系统中使用固定数目的光信道。例如，在一个光系统结构中，通过使用集成的频率路由解多路复用器，将多路复用信号分解成它的组成的光信号成分。频率路由器使用硅光具座技术(silicon optical bench technology)，其中，将多个掺杂磷的硅波导管布置在硅基底上。光星(optical star)输出N个波导管的阵列，所述N个波导管具有由q波长区分的相邻光通路长度；该阵列又反馈一个输出N×N星号。这种为光通信系统的频率路由器设计在Alexander等人的J.Lightwave Tech.，Vol.11，No.5/6，May/June 1993，p.714中被公开。利用在输入处的1×N配置，包含不同频率的光的多路复用光信号在从输出N×N星延伸出来的每一个波导管处被分解成它的组成成分。虽然这种配置充分地分离不同频率的光，集成光设计固定了光信道的数目和各自的波长。因此，在没有提供完全新的解多路复用交换部件给光网络的情况下，增加或降低光信道的数目或者改变信道波长或者间隔是不可能进行的。换言之，此类网络的伸缩性是有限的，因为交换部件缺乏灵活性。
证明缺少灵活性的一个方面与在装置失效的情况下提供通过网络的备份通路相关。例如，在前述的WDM传输系统中，由于通过交换部件给每一个信道波长分配了它的通路，在产生给定波长的发射器失效时，不可能沿不同的通路重新路由给定的信道波长。具体而言，不可能用在另一个交换部件输入端口上的备份发射器来代替失效的发射器，除非备份发射器在不同于失效的发射器所工作的、它自己的信道波长上工作。结果，当需要使用备份发射器时，必须在整个网络中建立新的通路以适应信道波长的改变。不幸的是，提供备份通路是一种要求内节点通信和处理的慢过程，这不仅降低了恢复过程，而且还干扰了系统中的其它业务。
因此，希望提供一种光通信系统，其中，在发射器或接收器失效的情况下，在系统中提供备份通路，允许比在前述的系统中以更快和较低破坏性的方式来完成恢复。
发明内容
在包括由通信链路互连的多个节点的WDM光通信系统中，本发明提供了一种节点，其包括具有多个输入端口和至少一个输出端口的可重配置光交换器。该节点还包括多个发射器，每一个发射器都耦合到光交换器的多个输入端口中的一个。每一个发射器以不同于其它信道波长的信道波长来产生信息承载光信号。可重配置光交换器适于在任何输入端口接收多个发射器所进行工作的任何信道波长，并且引导信道波长到输出端口。至少一个被分发射器耦合到光交换器的一个输入端口。备份发射器包括可调谐激光器，可以调谐到所述多个发射器进行工作的任何信道波长。可重配置光交换器包括来自于在任何输入端口接收到的任何信道波长中的至少一个信道波长。这种交换器还包括与波长选择部件相关的多个光部件，每一个光部件将由相关的波长选择部件所选择的一个选定的信道波长引导到输出端口，而与其它的信道波长无关。被引导到输出端口的选择的信道波长在输出端口被组合。
根据本发明的一个方面，波长选择部件包括多个薄膜滤光器，每一个滤光器传送不同的一个信道波长，并且反射余下的信道波长。
根据本发明的另一个方面，光部件是反射镜，它们可以在多个位置中有选择倾斜，使得在每一个位置，反射镜将入射到其上的信道波长反射到输出端口。
根据本发明的另一个方面，一个自由空间区域位于输入端口和波长选择部件之间。
根据本发明的另一个方面，位于包括由通信链路互连的多个节点WDM光通信系统中的一个节点，包括可重配置交换器。可重配置光交换器具有(i)N个输入端口，用于具有多达(N-1)个信道波长的WDM光信号，(ii)至少一个输出端口，其中N大于或等于2，和(iii)交换光纤，其包括至少(N-1)个光部件，每一个部件引导输入端口和输出端口之间的信道波长的选定的一个波长。所述节点还包括分别耦合到光交换器的N个输入端口的N个发射器。每一个所述发射器包括可调谐激光器，可调谐到(N-1)个信道波长中的任何一个。可重配置光交换机适于在任何输入端口处接收所述多个发射器所进行工作的任何信道波长，并且通过重配置分别引导信道波长的光部件来引导每一个信道波长到输出端口。在光信号的接收端提供了类似的可重配置交换配置以引导接收到的信号到备份转发器。
附图说明
图1和2是表示根据本发明的波分复用光通信系统的原理图。
图3示出了可在本发明中采用的一个示例可重配置光交换器。
具体实施方式
根据本发明，提供了一种WDM光传输系统，其采用可以动态地改变给定波长沿着其路由的通路的可重配置交换部件。通过采用这种交换部件，本发明提供了一种用于失效的发射器的恢复配置，其与采用以不同于失效的发射器的不同信道波长进行工作的备份发射器的常规配置相比，对其它业务的更加负责(responsive)和破坏更小。
近来，提供一定程度的可重配置的交换部件已经可获得。这些可重配置光部件可以根据需要动态地改变给定波长沿着其进行路由的通路来，从而有效地重构网络的拓扑结构来适应所要求的改变，或者恢复关于网络失效的服务。可重配置光部件的例子包括光增加/撤出多路复用器(OADM)和光交叉连接(OXC)。使用OADM来从WDM信号中分离和撤出一个或多个波长成分，WDM信号随后被引导到不同的通路上。在一些情况下，撤出的波长被引导到公共光纤通路，而在其他的情况下，每一个撤出的波长被引导到它自己的光纤通路。与OADM相比OXC更加灵活，其可以在任何实际的配置中重新分配多个WDM输入信号的成分到任何数目的输出端口中。不幸的是，目前的OXC通常在它们的核中采用数字交叉连接，因此要求进入交叉连接和从交叉连接出来的光-电接口。这种配置带来多种限制，包括：相对高的插入损耗，因为光信号必须穿过三个离散的部件。此外，所述部件相对昂贵，然而仍然没有提供可以端口的在任何两个子集之间传送光的完全的灵活性。最后，因为它们的高的损耗以及需要提供等功率的信道，这种OXC通常至少在他们的输出侧(在很多情况下还在它们的输入侧)采用光电再生器。虽然这些再生器克服了插入损耗的问题，并且有效地允许在信号穿过交换光纤时对信号进行波转换，它们实质上增加本来已经昂贵的交换光纤的成本，因为对于在网络中使用的每一个波长，要求一个再生器。
更加灵活的仍然是全光可重配置交换器，其具有比前述的OXC低得多的插入损耗，且不太昂贵。各种全光可重配置光交换器的例子在美国专利申请[PH-01-00-01]中公开，在此通过引用的方式将该专利申请结合进来，尤其是引用了该文献的图2-4部分。在其中公开的交换器部件能够有选择地将来自任何输入端口的任何波成分引导到任何输出端口，而与其它波长的路由无关，不需要进行任何电-光转换。其它提供附加功能的全光可重配置光交换器在美国专利申请[PH-01-00-02]中公开，在此通过应用其全文结合进来。该文献公开了一种光交换器，其中，每个波成分可以被从任何给定端口引导到任何其它端口，而没有什么限制。特别地，与大多数光交换器不同，这种交换器并不限于在输入端口的子集和输出端口的子集之间提供连接，或反之亦然。事实上，这种交换器还可以在相同的子集(输入或输出)的两个端口之间提供连接。虽然本发明可以采用上述任何的可重配置的光交换器，在美国专利申请[PH01-00-02]中公开的光交换器将作为示例可重配置光交换器，因此，将在下面对该交换器的附加的细节进行介绍。
现在参见附图，图中，相同的数字代表相同或相似的部件。图1示意性地描述了根据本发明的一个实施例的波分多路复用(WDM)光通信系统10。光通信系统10包括多个光发射器20，每一个光发射器在随发射器的不同而不同的光信道波长上发射信息承载光信号。在此使用的“信息承载光信号”指的是具有已编码的信息的光信号，包括(但不限于)音频信号、视频信号和计算机数据。本发明的WDM光通信系统包括N个信道，其中，N为大于或等于2的整数。示例的N值为4，8和16个光信道。在图1的光系统中，为了便于说明，N为4。
应当注意，起初，本发明并不限于如图1所示的WDM系统，其具有由末终端或者被光纤的一段或多段彼此分离开的节点组成的点对点配置。例如，在大城市中，目前正在开发具有环或环路配置的WDM系统。此类系统通常包括沿着环分布的多个节点。通常，用光连接器将与每一个节点相关的至少一个光增加/撤出连接到环上。光增加/撤出部件允许向和从所述环增加和抽取出信道。称为集线器(hub)或者中心局节点的一个节点通常具有多个相关的增加/撤出部件，用于沿着所述环向/从其它的节点发送和接收相应的多个信道。当然，本发明可以等价地应用到除了诸如网状构形的环之外的其它网络拓扑结构。
参见图1，每一个光发射器20一般包括诸如DFB半导体激光器的激光器、激光控制器、和用于产生信息承载光信号的调制器。在示例的实施例中，发射器激光器是一个DFB半导体二极管激光器，一般包括一种或多种III-V半导体材料，这种材料可以在市面上从各个供应商处获得。激光器在分配给它的信道的特定波长上输出光承载信号。激光控制器提供所要求的激光器偏流以及激光器的热控制。使用热控制，通常将激光器的精确工作波长维持在一埃的带宽内或者更小。
光发射器通常包括一个调制器，用于将信息告知(imparting)光承载信号。示例的调制器是一个外部调制器，诸如Mach-Zehnder调制器，采用折射率根据所施加的电场而改变的波导介质，即呈现出电-光效应的材料。在Mach-Zehnder配置中，提供了两个光干涉仪通路。在两个光通路之间，将输入的光承载信号分开。至少一个通路的干涉仪进行相位调制。当在输出处重组信号时，根据在载波传送期间施加到周围电极的电场，来自通路的光要么建造性地干涉，要么破坏性地干涉。这种重组产生放大调制的输出光信号。另外，在一些应用中，光承载信号可以被直接地调制。需要注意，尽管上述的发射器是示例的，任何能够产生光信号以用于光通信系统中的发射部件可以在本发明的WDM系统中采用。
通常，将光发射器20发射的波长选择在1500纳米的范围内，在此范围内，对于基于硅的光纤，出现最小的信号衰减。特别地，将光发射器发出的波长选择在1540到1560纳米的范围之内。然而，也可以在本发明的WDM系统中使用诸如在1300-1500纳米范围内以及1600纳米范围内的其它波长。
由光发射器产生的每一个信息承载光信号构成了光系统10中的一个信道。在WDM系统中，每一个信道通常与唯一的波长相关。如图1所示，提供了四个光发射器201，202，203和204来产生4个信号波分复用光通信系统。光发射器201，202，203和204分别以信道波长②1，②2，②3，和②4进行工作。这些光信号信道从发射器20输出，并且在光交换器30被组合起来以经输出端口26传送到光波导管40。
光交换器30将来自发射器20的多个光信道组合成单一的输出以产生多路复用的光信号。光交换器30具有4个输出端口，它们通常通过波导管22耦合到4个发射器20。信道的组合形成了一个多路复用光信号，其经输出端口36被输出到光传输通路40。光传输通路通常是一个光波导管，且是用于光通信系统的主要传输介质。虽然光波导管通常是从单模光纤中选出，可在光系统10中采用任何能够传输多个光波长的光波导介质作为波导管40。
可选地，将一个或多个光放大器50沿着光传输通路40插入。可以从任何设备中选择光放大器50，所述设备直接地增加多个光信号的强度，而不需要进行光-电转换。总之，光放大器50是从掺杂有在波导管中能够产生激光作用的材料的光波导管中选择出的。这种材料包括稀土掺杂物，如铒、钕、镨、镱、或者这些材料的混合物。在特定的泵波长(specific pump wavelength)泵入掺杂的波导管导致在掺杂物的电能级中粒子数反转，产生波分多路复用光信号中的光信号放大。对于采用铒作为掺杂物的掺杂光纤放大器，当泵入掺杂的光纤时，在大约1500纳米和大约1590纳米之间的波段提供增益给光信号。
接下来，沿着波导管40传输和放大多路复用的光信号，每一个信道必须被解多路复用，并且被路由到为特定的光信号信道指定的接收器。在本发明的优选实施例中，光交换器80也是可重配置的光交换器。光交换器80通过输入端口96接收多路复用的光信号，并且在各个输出端口92上提供各个信道。每一个输出端口92被通过波导管122耦合到接收器120。接收器120通常检测光信号，并且通常使用发光二极管器件来将其转换成电信号。
如前所述，在常规的WDM光通信系统中，光交换器30和80通常基于多路复用器和解多路复用器，多路复用器和解多路复用器被固定在依赖于波长的部件中，在这些部件中，给定的波长总是沿着相同的通路进行路由。然而，在本发明中，不是采用依赖于固定波长的部件，而是采用更加灵活的光交换器。这种光交换器是可以动态改变给定波长沿着其进行路由的通路的可重配置部件。如下所述，可重配置光交换器的使用允许动态地改变给定的波长沿着其路由的通路，有效地重构网络的拓扑，这在一个或多个发射器和接收器失效的情况下特别有利。
如前所述，为了说明，结合在美国专利申请[PH01-00-01]中公开的可重配置光交换器来描述本发明，这在图3中示出。当然，本领域普通技术人员将认识到，本法明可以等价地应用到采用任何可重配置光交换器的通信系统中，其中，可以独立于其它波长的路由，将在任何输入端口上接收到的任何波成分有选择地引导到任何输出端口。在图5中，光交换器300包括：光透明基底308，多个电介质薄膜滤光器301，302，303和304，多个校准透镜对3211，和3212，3221和3222，3231和3232，3241和3242，多个可倾斜反射镜315，316，317，和318以及多个输出端口3401，3402，...，340n。第一滤光器阵列由薄膜滤光器301和303组成，而第二滤光器阵列由薄膜滤光器302和304组成。校准透镜对321-324以及可倾斜反射镜315-318中的各对与薄膜滤光器的每一个相关。每一个薄膜滤光器，以及它的相关的校准透镜对和可倾斜反射镜有效地形成了窄波段，自由空间交换器，即沿着不同的通路路由各个波成分的交换器。可倾斜反射镜是诸如MEMS(微电子机械系统)反射镜的微反射镜。另外，可以采用其它的机制来控制反射镜的位置，例如采用压电驱动器。
在工作中，在工作中，由不同的波长λ1，λ2，λ3和λ4组成的WDM光信号被从光输入端口312引导到校准透镜314。WDM信号穿过基底308，并且被薄膜滤光器301接收。根据薄膜滤光器301的特性，带有波长为λ1的光成分通过薄膜滤光器301，而其它的波成分被反射并且经基底308被引导到薄膜滤光器302。通过薄膜滤光器301传送的波成分λ1被校准透镜3211会聚到可倾斜反射镜315上。可倾斜反射镜315被如此安装，使得波成分λ1被经薄膜滤光器302-304从反射镜反射到输出端口3401-340n中的选择的一个，薄膜滤光器都反射波长成分λ1。被选择来接收波成分的特定输出端口将确定反射镜315的特定朝向。
如上所述，余下的波成分λ2，λ3，和λ4经透镜3212被薄膜滤光器301反射到基底308中，并且被引导到薄膜滤光器302。波成分λ2被经薄膜滤光器302和透镜3221传送，并且被可倾斜反射镜316经薄膜滤光器303-304引导到选择的输出端口，薄膜滤光器303-304都反射波成分λ2。类似地，所有其它的波成分被薄膜滤光器303-304依次分离开，并且被可倾斜反射镜317-318引导到选择的输出端口。利用适当驱动可倾斜反射镜，每一个波成分可以被引导到独立于所有其它的波成分而选择的输出端口。
参见图1，如前所述，光发射器201，202，203和204分别以信道波长②1，②2，②3，和②4进行工作。为了确保在一个发射器失效的情况下的系统可靠性，有时候一个附加的发射器被保留作为备份发射器，其可以作为一个备份，直到可以修复或者代替失效的发射器。在采用依赖于固定波长的部件的常规的通信系统中，备份发射器以不同于失效的发射器的信道波长进行工作，要求通过系统建立端对端备份通路。例如，如果打算在图1的网络中采用备份发射器，它将以②5的信道波长进行工作。因此，必须为以不同信道波长进行工作的备份通路进行重配置。如前所述，伴随这种措施的一个问题是通路重配置是一个缓慢的过程，因为通常要求内节点通信和处理。而且，在一些情况下，通路重配置可能破坏系统的其它业务。
本发明的发明人已经认识到，在发生器失效的情况下不是为备份信道重配置通路，优选地是维持原始的通路，同时仅仅重配置在与失效的发射器相关的交换器处的装置。虽然这种重配置过程不能用依赖于固定波长的光交换器进行，但它可以容易地用前述的、允许有选择地在任何两个端口之间路由任何波长的可重配置光交换器来完成。
图2示出了一种WDM系统，其包括具有可调谐激光器的备份发射器205，所述可调谐激光器可被调谐到发射器201-204可在其中进行工作任何信道波长。以这种方式，可以用备份发射器205容易地代替任何主发射器。由于光交换器30可以在任何输入端口接收任何波长，可以重配置光交换器30，使得可以在备份发射器205耦合到的输入端口245处接收任何波长②1-②4。例如，假设发射器202失效。响应所述失效，将备份发射器205调谐到信道波长②2。接着，对光交换器30进行内部重配置，使得它可以接受来自输入端口245的波长②2，并且将其引导到输出端口26。以这种方式，发射器的失效对网络的其它发射器而言是透明的，所以不要求重配置通过网络的通路。虽然图2仅仅示出单个备份发射器，本领域普通技术人员将认识到，在两个或多个发射器同时失效的不太可能的情况下，可以采用附加的备份发射器。
在一个接收器120发生失效的情况下，出现与失效的发射器带来的相同的重配置问题。因此，本发明还可以被有利地用来将信道波长从失效的接收器重引导到备份接收器，如果该接收器正在与可重配置光交换进行通信。这是假设(例如)接收器1203失效，可以对交换器80进行内部重配置，使得可以将信道波长②3自输出端口923重引导到耦合到备份接收器1205的端口825。然而，与备份发射器不同，一般不需要可调谐接收器，因为所述接收器通常可以检测可用于网络的所有信道波长。

Claims (23)

1.在一种包括由通信链路互连的多个节点的WDM光通信系统，提供了一节点，其包括：
可重配置光交换器，具有多个输入端口和至少一个输出端口；
多个发射器，每一个都耦合到所述光交换器的输入端口中的一个，每一个所述发射器在不同于其它信道波长的信道波长上产生信息承载光信号，所述可重配置光交换器适于在任何所述输入端口接收任何信道波长，在该任何信道波长上，所述多个发射器进行工作，并且将所述信道波长引导到所述至少一个输出端口；
耦合到所述光交换器的输入端口中的一个的至少一个备份发射器，所述备份发射器包括可调谐激光器，所述可调谐激光器可以调谐到所述多个发射器进行工作的任何信道波长上；
其中，所述可重配置光交换器包括：
至少一个波长选择部件，选择来自于在任何输出端口接收到的任何信道波长中的至少一个信道波长；
与所述至少一个波长选择部件相关的多个光部件，每一个所述光部件将由相关的至少一个波长选择部件所选择的一个选定的信道波长引导到所述输出端口，而与其它的信道波长无关，其中，被引导到所述输出端口的所述选择的信道波长在所述输出端口处被组合。
2.如权利要求1所述的节点，其中，所述至少一个波长选择部件包括多个薄膜滤光器，每一个薄膜滤光器传送不同的一个信道波长，并且反射余下的信道波长。
3.如权利要求1所述的节点，其中，所述光部件是反射镜，它们可以在多个位置中有选择地倾斜，使得在每一个位置，所述反射镜将入射到其上的信道波长反射到所述输出端口。
4.如权利要求2所述的节点，其中，所述光部件是反射镜，它们可以在多个位置中有选择地倾斜，使得在每一个位置，所述反射镜将入射到其上的信道波长反射到所述输出端口。
5.如权利要求1所述的节点，其中，所述反射镜是微电子机械(MEM)反射镜组件的部分。
6.如权利要求1所述的节点，其中，所述至少一个波长选择部件包括大量的衍射光栅。
7.如权利要求2所述的节点，进一步包括置于所述输入端口和所述波长选择部件之间的自由空间区域。
8.如权利要求7所述的节点，其中，所述自由空间区域包括具有第一和第二平行表面的光透明基底，所述波长选择部件包括在分别沿着第一和第二平行表面延伸的第一和第二阵列中布置的多个波长选择部件。
9.如权利要求8所述的节点，其中，所述第一和第二阵列彼此相对侧向偏置。
10.如权利要求9所述的节点，其中，在第一阵列中布置的每一所述选择部件将所选择的波长部件引导到在第二阵列中布置的另一个所述波长选择部件。
11.在一种包括由通信链路互连的多个节点的WDM光通信系统中，提供了一节点，其包括：
可重配置光交换器，具有：(i)N个输入端口，用于接收具有多达(N-1)个信道波长的WDM光信号；(ii)至少一个输出端口，其中N大于或等于2，和(iii)交换光纤，其包括至少(N-1)个光部件，每一个光部件引导在所述输入端口和至少一个输出端口之间的信道波长的选定的一个波长；
分别耦合到所述光交换器的N个输入端口的N个发射器，每一个所述发射器包括可调谐激光器，可调谐到所述(N-1)个信道波长中的任何一个，所述可重配置光交换机适于在任何输入端口接收所述多个发射器在其上所进行工作的任何信道波长，并且通过重配置分别引导信道波长的光部件来引导每一个所述信道波长到所述的至少一个输出端口。
12.如权利要求11所述的节点，进一步包括：至少(N-1)个波长选择部件，每一个选择来自在任何所述输入端口处接收到的任何信道波长中的至少一个信道波长，其中，所述(N-1)个光部件分别与所述(N-1)个波长选择部件相关，每一个所述光部件将由所述相关的至少一个波长选择部件所选定的一个选定的信道波长引导到所述输出端口，而与其它的信道波长无关，其中，被引导到所述输出端口的所述选定的信道波长被在所述输出端口上组合。
13.如权利要求12所述的节点，每一个所述波长选择部件包括多个薄膜滤光器，每一个薄膜滤光器传送不同的一个信道波长，并且反射余下的信道波长。
14.如权利要求11所述的节点，所述光部件是反射镜，它们可以在多个位置中有选择地倾斜，使得在每一个位置，所述反射镜将入射到其上的信道波长反射到所述输出端口。
15.如权利要求12所述的节点，所述光部件是反射镜，它们可以在多个位置中有选择地倾斜，使得在每一个位置，所述反射镜将入射到其上的信道波长反射到所述输出端口。
16.如权利要求14所述的节点，所述反射镜是微电子机械(MEM)反射镜组件的部分。
17.如权利要求12所述的节点，所述至少一个波长选择部件包括大量的衍射光栅。
18.如权利要求12所述的节点，进一步包括置于所述输入端口和所述波长选择部件之间的自由空间区域。
19.如权利要求18所述的节点，其中，所述自由空间区域包括具有第一和第二平行表面的光透明基底，所述波长选择部件包括在分别沿着第一和第二平行表面延伸的第一和第二阵列中布置的多个波长选择部件。
20.如权利要求19所述的节点，其中，所述第一和第二阵列彼此相对侧向偏置。
21.如权利要求20所述的节点，其中，在第一阵列中布置的每一所述选择部件将所选择的波长部件引导到在第二阵列中布置的另一个所述波长选择部件。
22.如权利要求1所述的节点，进一步包括：
第二可重配置光交换器，具有多个输出端口和至少一个输入端口；
多个接收器，每一个耦合到所述光交换器的输出端口中的一个，每一个所述接收器在不同于其它信道波长的信道波长上接收信息承载光信号，所述第二可重配置光交换器适于在任何所述输出端口上接收所述多个发射器在其上进行工作的任何信道波长，并且引导所述信道波长到所述输出端口；和
耦合到所述第二光交换器的一个输出端口的至少一个备份接收器。
23.如权利要求11所述的节点，进一步包括第二可重配置光交换器，具有：(i)N个输出端口，用于发送具有多达(N-1)个信道波长的WDM光信号；(ii)至少一个输入端口，其中N大于或等于2，和(iii)交换光纤，其包括至少(N-1)个光部件，每一个光部件引导在所述输入端口和至少一个输出端口之间的信道波长的选定的一个波长；
分别耦合到所述第二光交换器的N个输出端口的N个发射器，所述第二可重配置光交换机适于在任何输出端口处接收所述多个发射器在其上所进行工作的任何信道波长，并且通过重配置分别引导信道波长的光部件来引导每一个所述信道波长到所述输出端口。
CNA028066693A 2001-03-16 2002-03-15 具有可重配置光交换器和可调谐备份激光发射器的波分复用光通信系统 Pending CN1502183A (zh)

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US20090196549A1 (en) 2009-08-06
JP2004536485A (ja) 2004-12-02
WO2002075999A3 (en) 2002-11-21
EP1368923B1 (en) 2013-04-24
KR100993182B1 (ko) 2010-11-10
CN1993915B (zh) 2010-10-06

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