CN1492967A - 具有用于转子轮毂的中空轴的风力设备和发电机 - Google Patents

具有用于转子轮毂的中空轴的风力设备和发电机 Download PDF

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CN1492967A
CN1492967A CNA028051661A CN02805166A CN1492967A CN 1492967 A CN1492967 A CN 1492967A CN A028051661 A CNA028051661 A CN A028051661A CN 02805166 A CN02805166 A CN 02805166A CN 1492967 A CN1492967 A CN 1492967A
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阿洛伊斯·沃本
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
    • F16C19/386—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings in O-arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7066—Application in combination with an electrical generator via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/14—Casings, housings, nacelles, gondels or the like, protecting or supporting assemblies there within
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/30—Arrangement of components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
    • F16C2226/50—Positive connections
    • F16C2226/60—Positive connections with threaded parts, e.g. bolt and nut connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/10—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to size
    • F16C2300/14—Large applications, e.g. bearings having an inner diameter exceeding 500 mm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Abstract

具有轴管元件和安装于其上的用于转子的中空轴的风力设备，仅提供了单独一个轴承，该轴承承载轴管元件和中空轴之间的力矩，由此机器要固定到机器托架上并由此固定到铁塔上的部分重量明显减小，而在发电机的静止部分和转动部分之间所需的取向不会收到不利影响。在该布置中，发电机的转动部分与轴承基本径向对齐，要使用的轴承可以是双排的倾斜滚子轴承，且各排滚子相对彼此以45°角布置。

Description

具有用于转子轮毂的中空轴的风力设备和发电机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种风力设备，其包括一个机器托架，该托架要固定到铁塔的顶部上，并且一方面它固定发电机的静止部分，另一方面支撑发电机的转动部分以及承载转子叶片的转子轮毂，其中，转子轮毂和发电机的转动部分固定到同一个中空轴上，该中空轴通过滚动轴承装置位于轴管元件上，而轴管元件安装到托架上。
背景技术
风力设备的这种结构可以从DD 261395 A1中得知。在这种结构中，轴管元件和中空轴二者都包括两个圆柱形部分，这两个圆柱形部分轴向间隔开且直径差别很大，并且他们通过圆锥部分相应地连接到一起。轴管元件和中空轴的两个圆柱形部分通过相应的滚动轴承连接到一起，更具体的说，大直径的圆柱形部分由机器托架附近的倾斜的滚子轴承连接，而与其间隔相当大的小直径的圆柱形部分处于转子轮毂上的转子叶片的固定/安装位置的另一侧上。
电力输出的逐渐增大导致风力设备的尺寸的相应增加，随之而来它的重量、总体尺寸和部件增多。传送到铁塔顶部—铁塔也变得越来越高—并安装在该处相应地变得更困难。因此，如从DD 261395 A1中所公知的，在这个说明书的开始部分中提到的转子和发动机轴为中空轴形式的结构是正确的方向。然而，在这种情况下，由于发电机转子相对于发电机定子的精确导引，这被正确地认为是必须的——即使在4000mm发电机直径的中等设备中，发电机间隙不超过3mm的宽度——提供相对长的轴元件和轴长度、以及轴承布置在其最外端，也就是说彼此间隔尽可能远显然被认为是必须的。这意味着中空设计所带来的重量上节省的相当大部分在此被抵消掉。
发明内容
本发明寻求一种补救办法。在这个说明书开头部分所概括的布置和结构中，本发明提出假设滚动轴承是也承载轴管元件和中空轴之间的力矩的单个轴承，并且发电机的转动部分径向上基本与轴承对齐。以这种方式，轴管元件的轴向长度及由此的重量明显减小；相同的方法应用到作用为安装结构的中空轴部分上。轴承可以承受所有力矩，即使是方向波动的力矩和围绕相对于轴的轴线垂直延伸的轴产生的力矩，发电机转子相对于发电机定子的相对位置变化不会超出临界尺寸。此外，加载到轴承上的力矩借助于发电机转动部分与轴承的对齐来减小。另外，在发电机转子转动时出现的离心力可以由轴承以特别无问题的方式承载，从而提高发电机的工作可靠性。
从AT 403189 B知道风力设备的转子轮毂固定到中空轴上，该中空轴用单个滚动轴承固定到机器壳体上。然而，在这种情况下，中空轴键连接到与发电机偶合的轴上，该发电机布置在铁塔的相对侧上并因此轴向上较远。因此，在这种情况下不会发生构成本发明的基本根据的问题。
优选的是，轴承为双排倾斜的滚子轴承，且各排滚子相互成倾斜关系布置。在该情况下，特别提出每排滚子相对于轴管元件和中空轴具有大约45°的角度。这在轴承承载力矩方面最佳。轴承理想地靠近机器托架布置，其中，轴管元件的轴向长度基本限制到轴承的长度。要安装到铁塔顶部的风力设备的各元件的尺寸和重量以这种方式相当大地减小。
附图说明
附图结合实施例说明本发明，图中：
图1是通过承载风力设备的铁塔顶部的风力设备的纵向截面的视图；以及
图2是图1中轴承一部分(部分A)的放大视图。
具体实施方式
总地由附图标记4标识的机器托架的壳体3以普通方式固定于铁塔1的上端(顶部2)。固定到壳体前端的是用于发电机定子8的星形托架6的中心环5，该发电机由附图标记7标识；发电机的转子或电枢9以与定子同心的关系布置，且二者之间具有狭窄的间隙。
发电机7的转子9由托架10托持，托架10也基本为星形，并固定到中空轴11上，带有转子叶片13的转子的轮毂12以同心关系法兰安装到该中空轴11上。
连同覆盖法兰盘14，为适当的曲柄结构的中空轴11包围具有两排滚子的倾斜滚子轴承的外滚道，该滚子相对于轴线16倾斜45°角布置(并由此相对彼此成90°角)。轴承的内滚道由环18形成，该环18各自支撑相应排的滚子17，并由轴管元件20的环形凸缘固定，而轴管元件20又法兰安装到中心环5上，并由此固定到机器壳体3上。轴管元件20的轴向长度仅稍微超过滚道15、18和各排滚子17构成的倾斜滚子轴承的宽度。

Claims (4)

1.一种风力设备，包括机器托架(4)，该托架要固定到铁塔(1)的顶部上，并且一方面它固定发电机(7)的静止部分(8)，而另一方面支撑发电机的转动部分(9)以及承载转子叶片的转子轮毂(12)，其中，转子轮毂(12)和发电机的转动部分(9)固定到同一根中空轴(11)上，该中空轴借助于滚动轴承装置安装于轴管元件(20)上，而该轴管元件安装到机器托架(4)上，其特征在于，滚动轴承为也承载轴管元件(20)和中空轴(11)之间的力矩的单个轴承(15、17、18)，并且发电机的转动部分(9)基本上径向与轴承(15、17、18)对齐。
2.如权利要求1所述的风力设备，其特征在于，轴承(15、17、18)靠近机器托架(4)布置，而轴管元件(11)的轴向长度基本限制于轴承的宽度。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的风力设备，其特征在于，轴承是双排倾斜滚子轴承(15、18)，各排滚子(17)相互成倾斜关系布置。
4.如权利要求3所述的风力设备，其特征在于，每排滚子(17)相对于轴管元件(20)和中空轴(11)的轴线(16)具有大约45°的角度。
CNB028051661A 2001-01-19 2002-01-15 具有用于转子轮毂的中空轴的风力设备 Expired - Lifetime CN100434692C (zh)

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DE10102255.7 2001-01-19
DE10102255A DE10102255A1 (de) 2001-01-19 2001-01-19 Windenergieanlage mit einer Hohlwelle für Rotornabe und Generator

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CN101852247A (zh) * 2009-03-25 2010-10-06 Skf公司 特别用于支承风力发电装置转子轴的双列圆锥滚子轴承
CN103249944A (zh) * 2010-11-04 2013-08-14 乌本产权有限公司 风能设备
CN109139393A (zh) * 2018-09-25 2019-01-04 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 轴系结构、润滑方法及风力发电机组

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