CN1491921A - Plant vitamin and its preparing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The plant vitamin as a kind of active organic fertilizer is prepared with lignin containing plant material and through inorganic strong acid treatment, nitration and oxidation to convert large molecular lignin into soluble small molecular nitrolignan. Nitrolignan is deep brown oily liquid, has density of 1.1-1.2 and molecular weight of 102, and has bioactivity similar to that of natural material uniquione and physiological effect similar to that of vitamin enzyme. After being absorbed by plant, the plant vitamin can establish oxidation-reduction system in plant body to strength plant's breath, speed accumulation and transport of nutritive matter, promote plant's growth and produce obvious yield increasing effect.

Description

Plant vitamin and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to organic fertilizer, relate to a kind of organic fertilizer that is referred to as plant vitamin specifically, the invention still further relates to the preparation method of described plant vitamin simultaneously.

Background technology

Majority state main dependence in agriculture production in the world today's is used chemical fertilizer and is impelled increasing crop yield.But use chemical fertilizer year after year,, may not be certain to increase economic benefit though the output of farm crop increases.Immoderate a large amount of use chemical fertilizer is returned agriculture production and brought a series of harm: the microorganism in the clay fertilizer (bacterium) suffers a loss; Soil organism deficiency causes crumb structure to be destroyed; The acidification of soil, salinification, desertification aggravation; Water and soil (fertilizer) runs off serious; Agroecological environment worsens day by day; Chemical fertilizer utilization ratio falls sharply; The agricultural input cost goes up, the peasant economy burden, and economic return reduces, and causes the agricultural output that has high input few.This is new problem anxious to be solved in the modern agricultural development process just.And one of terms of settlement is exactly to vigorously promote the use organic fertilizer.

Existing organic fertilizer mostly relates to humic acids.Humic acids is formed through microbiological degradation under state of nature by the remains (mainly being the lignin composition) of plant materials, and its chemical structure is roughly: by a series of aromatic protons that contain is that skeleton is connected into the huge molecular grouping polymer of gang.See that from molecular structure they all contain polyphenol-quinone structure, thereby formed a redox system, make humic acids have certain biological activity, multiple biological enzyme activity in can the activated plant body, strengthen the respiration of plant, promote cell fission, accelerating growth strengthens plant cell membrane and plasmic perviousness.(molecular weight is greatly about 10 for macromole but the humic acids that generates under the state of nature is formed by connecting by a lot of aromatic proton ³-10 ⁴The order of magnitude).And the winding that is implicative of each other of huge molecular chain has then limited its bioactive performance greatly.The existing organic fertilizer that relates to detritus acid is all active not good enough to making, and fertilizer efficiency is not high.

Summary of the invention

The present invention can not fully discharge at existing humic-acid kind organic fertilizer biological activity exactly, the defective that fertilizer efficiency is not good enough and a kind of organic fertilizer that is referred to as plant vitamin of developing and preparation method thereof.This plant vitamin is a kind ofly to carry out nitration oxidation reaction again by the plant material that contains lignin after the inorganic acid processing, making the lignin macromolecule thaumatropy is the micromolecular active organic fertilizer of nitro wood phenol monomer of solubility, for Vandyke brown is with butyrous liquid slightly, density 1.1-1.2, nitro wood phenol monomer small molecules molecular weight is 10 ²The order of magnitude can dissolve each other by arbitrary proportion with water, and its aqueous solution color is orange-yellow by brown stain when its concentration changes from big to small.The effective content of plant vitamin can be used the spectrophotometer quantitative assay.

The preparation method of plant vitamin of the present invention comprises the following order step: (1) acid hydrolysis, will contain the plant of lignin and for the NaCl of its weight 10%-15% goes into acid-resistant reacting kettle, add the H of weight such as concentration 5% and NaCl ₂SO ₄, at pressure＜0.02MPa, 100 ℃ of-120 ℃ of following boiling 8-12 of temperature hours, filter the solid resultant, dry back is a material A; (2) nitration oxidation, A reenters acid-resistant reacting kettle with dried material, and the water of weight such as adding and material A is heated to 60 ℃-80 ℃, adds the HNO of concentration 40%-60% ₃Be no less than 120L, add HNO ₃The time should strict temperature control be no more than 120 ℃, react after 3-5 hour, cool to below 70 ℃, adding concentration 15-40%, weight are that the NaOH adjusting pH value of material A 10%-15% is 6-7,1 hour after-filtration of powerful stirring separates, and getting filtrate is plant vitamin.Also can in the filtrate plant vitamin, add the nutritive elements such as N, P, K or trace element that help plant-growth and make the composite plant VITAMIN.

The present invention utilizes chemical process, and reaction is broken into and has polyphenol equally-the nitro wood phenol monomer small molecules of quinones aromatic proton structure through the intensive nitration oxidation with the macromole of humic acids, as: nitro is to hydroxyl wood phenol, nitro Syringa oblata Lindl. wood phenol, nitroguaiacol.The micromolecular molecular weight of nitro wood phenol monomer only is 10 ²The order of magnitude.Product is measured through plant physiology, shows the characteristic of very excellent bioactivation enzyme, strong tens of times of the general humic acids of its biological activity ratio! At least has a phenol-quinone functional group in the aromatic proton molecule of product.The quinones substance (ubiquinone) that extensively exists in this active substance and occurring in nature animals and plants and the microorganism cells is similar, and the physiological action that they rise in plant materials is just as biological enzyme-VITAMIN.So product of the present invention named is plant vitamin.This plant vitamin by plant absorbing after, can enter the activity of shuttling back and forth in the vegetable cell rapidly, in plant materials, set up the oxidation-reduction system, activate the activity of a series of enzymes in the plastosome, impel the energy metabolism of oxidative phosphorylation to make the respiration of plant strengthen (for plant provides power); Meanwhile it plays an active part in the activity of a series of enzymes in the activated plant chloroplast(id) again, impels luminous energy to change chemical energy into, promotes CO ₂Fixing of middle carbon is the more photosynthate of plant materials production (carbohydrate), thereby quickens the accumulation of nutritive substance, for growth and development of plants provides competent basic substance; Moreover it can impel the transfer rate of nutritive substance in the plant materials to accelerate, and in time they is transported to each organ of plant.In a word, use plant vitamin can be all sidedly to the seat root of crop germinate, grow, yield positive results (setting seeds) play promoter action, show numerous excellent biological natures.

In the preparation process of plant vitamin of the present invention, add H ₂SO ₄With NaCl is to utilize to react HCl and the Na that produces ₂SO ₄Material is carried out acidification hydrolization handle, destroy the vegetable fibre structure, impel hydrolysis of hemicellulose and dehydration.The reactant of removing hemicellulose is the material A that contains plant lignin or its resolvent.The concentration limits that adds nitric acid is decided to be 40-60%, concentration of nitric acid can not＜40%, otherwise nitration reaction insufficient strength, reaction not exclusively, but can not＞60%, otherwise reaction is too fierce, influences the yield of plant vitamin.The add-on of nitric acid can not be less than 120L, otherwise directly influences quality product.Add HNO ₃After, carry out the intensive exothermic process in the reactor, speed of reaction can be quickened with the rising of temperature.Crux is to grasp HNO ₃Add-on, to reach the purpose of controlled temperature, reaction speed.Must strict control reaction temperature must not be above 120 ℃.An accident once temperature control is promptly blasted! The nitration oxidation reaction times was advisable with 3-5 hour, and deficiency of time, reaction not exclusively can have a strong impact on the biological activity of plant vitamin; Time is oversize, reacts excessive meeting and makes the monomer aromatic nucleus in the plant vitamin be disintegrated generation organic acid (oxalic acid, butyric acid etc.), and the biological activity that suppresses plant vitamin on the contrary plays a role.

Plant vitamin of the present invention can directly spray application on the farm crop, absorbs by crop leaf, and multi-functional optimum adjusting is implemented in plant growth, makes crop be in the optimum growh developmental condition.It uses the restriction that is not subjected to region water and soil condition, is applicable to any green crop, and the application dosage latitude is big.Rationally use plant vitamin and can save common fertilizer amount of application about half, the fertile synergism of tangible joint is arranged, help improved soil nodule structure, can increase substantially the economic benefit of agriculture production.Application experiment shows, handles through seed soaking or seed dressing, and plant seed is had powerful stratification gesture and percentage of germination effect; Various crops are handled and can obviously promote the blade face to expand through spraying, and chlorophyll increases, and cell extends division and accelerates, and metabolism is vigorous, and photosynthesis strengthens.Compare the 10-40% that generally increases both production and value with the contrast crop, after using this plant vitamin under the identical agronomy operating condition, can save the applying quantity of chemical fertilizer more than 1/3, staple crops kinds such as grain, cotton, oil, melon and fruit, vegetables, tobacco, tealeaves all there is obvious the effect of increasing income, and is environmental protection.Vigorously promoting the use plant vitamin of the present invention will be for implementing high yield, high-quality, efficient, and the Organic farming production that goes back to nature provides strong support.

Embodiment

Plant vitamin of the present invention is a raw material with the plant that contains lignin, as wood sawdust, cotton seed shell, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, bagasse, sunflower seed skin, maize spike stalk core, maize straw, straw, wheat straw etc.

Embodiment 1, and with cotton seed shell 1000Kg, NaCl 100Kg puts into acid-resistant reacting kettle, adds concentration 5%H ₂SO ₄100Kg carried out acid hydrolytic reaction in 9 hours in pressure＜100-120 ℃ of following boiling of 0.02Mpa temperature, filtered to such an extent that solid resultant drying is material A.Take by weighing the 400Kg material A and pour in the acid-resistant reacting kettle, add water 400Kg, be heated to 60-80 ℃, add the HNO that concentration is 40-60% again with steam jacket ₃Be no less than 120L, note with HNO ₃The strict control reaction temperature of add-on must not be above 120 ℃.React 4 hours postcooling and be cooled to below 70 ℃, add concentration and be about 20% NaOH 50Kg, pH value is adjusted to about 6.5, be slightly acidic.After the violent stirring 1 hour, filtering separation, gained filtrate is plant vitamin.Filter residue can be used as the material of producing the solid high-efficiency compoiste fertilizer.

Embodiment 2, and with bagasse 1500Kg, NaCl 150Kg puts into acid-resistant reacting kettle, add the H of concentration 5% ₂SO ₄150Kg boiling 5-10 hour (working pressure＜0.02Mpa, temperature 100-120 ℃=, carry out acid hydrolytic reaction, filter to such an extent that be material A after the solid resultant drying, 500Kg dried material A is poured in the acid-resistant reacting kettle, be blended into 500Kg water, be heated to 60-80 ℃, add the HNO of concentration 50% ₃More than the 120L, should be no more than 120 ℃ by strict controlled temperature when adding nitric acid, react after 5 hours, cool to 55 ℃, add concentration and be about 30% NaOH 60Kg, pH value is adjusted to 6.5,1 hour after-filtration of violent stirring separates, filtrate be plant vitamin, N, P, K or the trace element of plant vitamin and design proportion is mixed is the composite plant VITAMIN.

Claims (3)

1, plant vitamin, it is characterized in that it being a kind ofly after the inorganic acid processing, to carry out nitration oxidation reaction again by the plant material that contains lignin, making the lignin macromolecule thaumatropy is the micromolecular active organic fertilizer of nitro wood phenol monomer of solubility, for Vandyke brown is with butyrous liquid slightly, density 1.1-1.2, the micromolecular molecular weight of said nitro wood phenol monomer is 10 ²The order of magnitude.

2, the preparation method of plant vitamin, this method comprises the step of following order:

(1) acid hydrolysis will contain the plant of lignin and for the NaCl of its weight 10%-15% goes into acid-resistant reacting kettle, add the H of weight such as concentration 5% and NaCl ₂SO ₄, at pressure＜0.02Mpa, 100 ℃ of-120 ℃ of following boiling 8-12 of temperature hours, filter the solid resultant, dry back is a material A,

(2) nitration oxidation, A reenters acid-resistant reacting kettle with dried material, and the water of weight such as adding and material A is heated to 60 ℃-80 ℃, adds the HNO of concentration 40-60% ₃Be no less than 120L, add HNO ₃The time should strict temperature control be no more than 120 ℃, react after 3-5 hour, cool to below 70 ℃, adding concentration 15-40%, weight are that the NaOH adjusting pH value of material A 10-15% is 6-7,1 hour after-filtration of powerful stirring separates, and getting filtrate is plant vitamin.

3, the preparation method of plant vitamin according to claim 2 further comprises the following steps:

(3) modulation adds the nutritive element that helps plant-growth and makes the composite plant VITAMIN in the filtrate plant vitamin.