CN1465107A - Method for producing high-temperature superconductors - Google Patents

Method for producing high-temperature superconductors Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1465107A
CN1465107A CN02802657A CN02802657A CN1465107A CN 1465107 A CN1465107 A CN 1465107A CN 02802657 A CN02802657 A CN 02802657A CN 02802657 A CN02802657 A CN 02802657A CN 1465107 A CN1465107 A CN 1465107A
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precursor material
heterogeneous element
superconducting layer
band
substrate
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CN02802657A
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CN100376044C (en
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詹斯·米勒
卡斯滕·比勒
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TRIITHOR AG
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TRIITHOR AG
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/10Inorganic compounds or compositions
    • C30B29/16Oxides
    • C30B29/22Complex oxides
    • C30B29/225Complex oxides based on rare earth copper oxides, e.g. high T-superconductors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B12/00Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B13/00Single-crystal growth by zone-melting; Refining by zone-melting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/01Manufacture or treatment
    • H10N60/0268Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising copper oxide
    • H10N60/0296Processes for depositing or forming copper oxide superconductor layers
    • H10N60/0548Processes for depositing or forming copper oxide superconductor layers by deposition and subsequent treatment, e.g. oxidation of pre-deposited material

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing high temperature superconductors having at least one transformed metal oxide superconducting layer made of an initial material, comprising the following steps: the initial material for the superconducting layer is disposed on a strip-like base, especially a metal strip, and the initial material is transformed into a superconducting layer by controlled heat treatment steps comprising melting and cooling. The invention more specifically relates to the production of coated high-temperature conductors. Foreign elements are introduced in various concentrations, enabling an uneven melt point to be maintained over the cross-section of the strip, enabling specific crystal growth to be triggered, assisted, promoted, maintained and/or controlled during the heat treatment steps, especially during cooling. As opposed to methods known per se, specific crystal growth is initiated, maintained, promoted and controlled for the formation of a mono-crystalline or polycrystalline arrangement in the superconducting layer by means of inward transfer, diffusion or mixing with foreign elements of various concentrations and, consequently, a solid-liquid interface is formed along the cross-section of said strip.

Description

Make the method for high-temperature superconductor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of making high-temperature superconductor, this high-temperature superconductor has at least one superconducting metal oxide layer that is transformed into by a kind of precursor material, the step of this method comprises to tape substrates (concrete is metal tape) and applies a kind of precursor material that is used for superconducting layer, and changes this precursor material into superconducting layer by controlled heat treatment step (comprising fusion and cooling).The present invention be more particularly directed to the manufacturing of coated with high temperature superconductor (coated conductor).
Background technology
At present, can transport high electric current and have and be higher than 77 ° of K transition temperature T of (preferably being higher than 90 ° of K) cThe manufacturing of high-temperature superconductor in underlying issue be that (preferably infinite) that obtain to extend under the cost of economy has greater than the big bed thickness of 1 μ m and be close to and be the superconductor of mono-crystalline structures.The current transfer ability of this superconductor considerably depends on the crystal arrangement in the layer, particularly, depends on crystal boundary angle (grain boundary angle).Before this, the crystal growth of arranging with the monocrystalline that obtains as much as possible in semiconductor layer is in the manufacture method of prior art of purpose, for example, in the RABiTS method, precursor material be applied in one by the distortion and again crystallization (for example make its metal substrate with cross-compound arrangement, one has the nickel strap of cross-compound arrangement), make its cross-compound arrangement be converted to the crystal arrangement of superconducting layer, and the structure of this substrate of epitaxial crystal growth adaptation in the superconducting layer ° does not have the superconductor of the end in order to make wire, and superconducting phase must carry out on the length of whole conductor in heat treatment step continuously to substituting of aufwuchsplate (growth front).This substrate that just requires to have desired structure has tangible cross-compound arrangement on its whole length.Therefore, this technology is very high to the requirement of structurized substrate.Utilize high-quality structurized substrate or use in addition metal tape complicated significantly the manufacturing of high-temperature superconductor, and it is expensive more.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to obtain the manufacturing process of high-temperature superconductor, this technology realizes technically easily, thereby and makes that making high-temperature superconductor that extend or that do not have the end, that have high layer thickness and have a high critical current density becomes possibility.
This target realizes by the method that provides in claim 1.According to the invention provides, rely under the different concentration and introduce heterogeneous element, precursor material is obtained fusion point heterogeneous on the cross section of this band, thereby, the directional crystal growth of superconductor layer is caused, supports, promotes, keeps and/or be controlled in heat treatment step, particularly cooling period.Compare with the known method of prior art, needn't no matter be the structuring of substrate or the aligning method of other technical very difficult realization forms monocrystalline or polycrystalline is arranged for precursor material adopts, the directional crystal growth is initiated, keeps, promotes and control in transfer, diffusion or mixing by the interior of the heterogeneous element under concentration different on the cross section of band, thereby and produces crystallization (solidification) face on the cross section of band.In this technology, can control heat treatment step and this type of the directional crystal growth that on the cross section of band, has more low-melting edge respectively by edge orientation effectively with higher melt.Because substrate itself need not any pre-treatment step, and to compare by the distortion of costliness and the nickel strap of recrystallization textureization, its thickness can be made into thinner basically, thus cost can further be simplified and save to manufacturing process.Yet, structure or metal tape or washing band etc. also can be used as substrate and use.
In the preferred embodiment of this method, the heterogeneous element of employing has different fusing points, and wherein the fusing point of two kinds of heterogeneous elements can all be higher than the fusing point of pure precursor material, perhaps wherein a kind of being higher than and the another kind of fusing point that is lower than pure precursor material.Herein, correctly using two kinds of heterogeneous elements is very advantageously, and wherein this first kind of precursor material is introduced in the belt-like zone on the side of this band, and another kind of heterogeneous element is introduced in the belt-like zone on the relative side of this band.In order to obtain the fusing point gradient that is constant on the cross section of band, concentration can descend in the middle of this band in the zone of the heterogeneous element of introducing respectively.(exclusively) zone with precursor material can be retained between the zone of handling with heterogeneous element exclusively.Heterogeneous element is chosen as and makes it influence fusing point under the condition that does not hinder the superconducting phase crystal growth.To make crystallization (solidification) face, the conversion stage of manufacturing process can carry out according to various methods by the fusing point fusion that changes on the cross section that relies on concentration gradient and band and/or cooling.Thereby this heterogeneous element can be applied in, spreads, prints or disperse on the precursor material that is applied in advance on the substrate, or heterogeneous element can at first be applied at the bottom of the belt material.Particularly, at first be precursor material, be heterogeneous element then, in preparation process successively, be applied to substrate, or to having applied the precursor material layer.Wish that especially precursor material and/or heterogeneous element apply by typography, particularly utilize silk screen printing, utilize to rotate to print and roll, utilize nozzle printing or dropwise heat or magnetic field impulse printing etc., because the use of typography can be transformed in superconductor under very little equipment cost in production line.
The another kind of technique for applying that is used for precursor material is, adopt a kind of solvent, this precursor material is formed liquid state or pulpous state, be applied to substrate again, perhaps this substrate is pulled through the spray of liquid or pulpous state precursor material, and the solvent that is included in the precursor material is volatilized, such as isopropyl acetone, or can in pining for a treatment step, evaporate water for example.In extra processing step, carrying out heat treatment step at the superconduction band to corresponding preparation is at critical transition temperature T precursor material is changed or calcine cBecome down before the layer of superconductor, heterogeneous element can be applied to required concentration gradient in the narrow zone of precursor material layer.
Substrate preferably includes the metal tape of the alloy of silver, gold, nickel, iron or these elements, and its go forward material and heterogeneous element are used as layer and apply.Can be used for all monocrystalline and polycrystalline superconducting phase or superconducting layer extensively according to technology of the present invention.The preferable range of using relates to superconducting layer and comprises YBa 2Cu 3O xSuperconductor.For this type I superconductors I, preferably in the YBCO precursor material, form the melt temperature gradient as heterogeneous element with neodymium and ytterbium or silver and ytterbium.Yet, can use other heterogeneous element, because in others, rare earth metal and noble metal do not influence YBa 2Cu 3O xThe superconducting characteristic of high-temperature superconductor, preferably, heterogeneous element is selected from lanthanide series, rare earth metal, metal, noble metal or their mixing or compound.
With forerunner's coated materials substrate with apply heterogeneous element and preferably on substrate, carry out with band shape.Yet the superconductor by this production technology makes when manufacturing process finishes, can have various geometries, and can be the circle line particularly, and wherein the superconduction band is by mechanically or be deformed into behind heat treatment step and have circular cross section.In addition, the step of this technology, particularly, duration in the heat treatment step and temperature gradient are selected as making that the directional crystal growth in the superconducting layer of high-temperature superconductor is controlled.
Description of drawings
The present invention describes in detail with reference to the preferred embodiment that schematically illustrates in the accompanying drawings.Wherein:
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates and is applied to the plane graph nickel metal tape and YBCO precursor material that apply at the edge with heterogeneous element ytterbium and neodymium; And
Fig. 2 is schematically illustrated in the fusion gradient and the concentration gradient of the heterogeneous element that shows on the cross section of band in several figure.
Embodiment
In Fig. 1, schematically show metal tape, for example not structurized nickel strap coated with the YBCO precursor material.As heterogeneous element, ytterbium is applied to the right hand edge of strip region, and neodymium is applied to its offside, the left hand edge in the strip region that promptly separates.This metal tape that is used to make can comprise noble metal except that nickel, as gold or silver-colored, or the metal level of gas deposition on textile or plastic tape is to be supported in the crystal growth in the YBCO precursor material during the converting process.In a preferred embodiment, YBaCuO precursor material (YBCO) in the viscous state deposit to metal tape, for example, by sol-gel (sol-gel) technology.After evaporating solvent from the precursor material of this viscous, utilize stream of pulses technology, at first, for example on right hand belt edge, printing has lower by about 1 as heterogeneous element, the ytterbium of 097 ℃ fusing point, the left hand edge at the bottom of belt material prints the neodymium band that has higher melt as heterogeneous element then.Herein, pure YBCO precursor material has about 1050 ℃ fusing point.
Correspondingly the characteristic properties before the heat treatment on Zhi Bei the superconductor band is shown among Fig. 2, the two following width of cloth illustrate neodymium and the concentration gradient of ytterbium in each bandwidth that is applied to precursor material, the concentration of this heterogeneous element is reduced in the middle of band by the edge respectively, makes that the influence of this heterogeneous element is the most obvious in the effect at the edge of superconduction band preparation and that do not change as yet.Correspondingly, at the central area of this superconduction band that does not change as yet, these the two kinds heterogeneous element effects that apply, or effect is very light.Uppermost illustrating is idealized as straight line, the melt temperature gradient T that shows on the cross section Q of band s, it descends from left to right, and ytterbium has lower fusing point because neodymium has high melt point.On the whole, obtained to be the melt temperature gradient T that constant descends s, in the practical application, its process is with the Utopian straight line in the slip chart 2.Rely on and form melt temperature gradient T in the precursor material s, when this precursor material changes by heating and cooling, can cause and be controlled at the YBa in the superconducting layer 2Cu 2O xThe directional crystal growth of crystal, and have more low-melting edge from edge orientation respectively with higher fusion point.This YBCO precursor material has big relatively temperature window, wherein can carry out crystal growth, so the directional crystal growth can obtain under the situation that is higher or lower than 100 ℃ of melt temperatures.The process that is used for the technology of superconducting phase transformation is chosen as the of short duration fusion of carrying out precursor material under the temperature of the fusing point that just is higher than pure precursor material, continue with direct cooling, with cause crystal plane from band side with higher melt to having the transmission of more low-melting band side.Thereby on the conductor belt direction, per hour carry out the crystal growth of 1mm.
With reference to description of drawings have the preferred embodiment of heterogeneous element ytterbium and neodymium, wherein the melt temperature of ytterbium and neodymium all is higher than the fusing point of YBCO precursor material.Yet, also can be lower than according to manufacturing process of the present invention under the situation of precursor material and carry out in one of them melt temperature of heterogeneous element.In another preferred embodiment, has the side that the about 961 ℃ silver of melt temperature is applied in this conductor belt.Then, correspondingly Zhi Bei superconduction band is heated to 1060 ℃, promptly a little less than the fusing point of ytterbium, and then is cooled to and is lower than 1000 ℃.Crystal plane in the process of this technology forms by a side of the ytterbium side towards silver.
Generally, by technology according to the present invention, utilize directional crystal growth can form greater than 10 μ m and particularly greater than the bed thickness of 35 μ m.This layer can be made into monocrystalline or polycrystalline, and this polycrystal layer comprises preferably big, directed crystal, particularly monocrystalline.The metal tape substrate that is fit to need not pre-structuring.Yet, utilizing pre-structurized metal tape, the superconducting characteristic of the superconductor that makes can further improve.

Claims (14)

1. method of making high-temperature superconductor, this high-temperature superconductor has at least one by the superconducting metal oxide layer that a kind of precursor material is transformed into, and the step of this method comprises:
To tape substrates, particularly metal tape applies the precursor material that is used for superconducting layer; And
Comprise by control and the heat treatment step of fusion and cooling to change this precursor material into superconducting layer,
It is characterized in that, by introducing the heterogeneous element of variable concentrations, the fusing point that this precursor material obtains is not to be uniformly on the cross section of band, thereby makes in heat treatment step, particularly during cooling, in this superconducting layer, introduce, support and/or control a kind of directional crystal growth.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, this heterogeneous element that uses has different fusing points, wherein the fusing point of two kinds of heterogeneous elements can preferably all be higher than the fusing point of pure precursor material, or compare with this precursor material, a kind of fusing point wherein can be higher, and alternative fusing point can be lower.
3. according to each method in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that only two kinds of heterogeneous elements are used, this first heterogeneous element is introduced in the strip region of a band side edge, and another kind of heterogeneous element is introduced in the strip region of relative band side edge.
4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that the concentration in the zone of the heterogeneous element of introducing reduces in the middle of band, on the cross section of band, to obtain to be the fusing point gradient of constant.
5. according to one method in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that this heterogeneous element applies, spreads, prints or disperse on this precursor material that is applied in advance on this substrate, or at first be applied to this substrate.
6. according to one method in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that this precursor material and this heterogeneous element are applied to substrate in preparation process successively, or are applied to the layer that had applied.
7. according to one method in the claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that, this precursor material and/or this heterogeneous element apply by typography, in particular by silk screen printing, rotate that printing is rolled, nozzle printing, heat dropwise or magnetic field impulse printing or similar mode.
8. according to one method in the claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that, this precursor material of utilizing a kind of solvent to form liquid or pulpous state is applied to this substrate, or this substrate was dragged the bath of the precursor material of liquid or pulpous state, the solvent that is included in this precursor material is volatile, isopropyl acetone for example, or in the intermediate heat-treatment step, evaporate, for example water.
9. according to one method in the claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that this substrate comprises the metal tape of the alloy of silver, gold, nickel, iron or these elements.
10. according to one method in the claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that this superconducting layer comprises YBa 2Cu 3O xCrystal.
11. the method according to claim 10 is characterized in that, the melt temperature gradient in this YBCO precursor material is made as heterogeneous element with neodymium (neodymium) and ytterbium (ytterbium) or silver and ytterbium.
12. one method according in the claim 1 to 11 is characterized in that, this heterogeneous element is chosen from the group that is made of lanthanide series, rare earth metal, metal, noble metal or their mixing or compound.
13. one method according in the claim 1 to 12 is characterized in that, this superconduction band is mechanically formed and is circular cross-section.
14. one method according in the claim 1 to 13 is characterized in that, the directional crystal growth in the superconducting layer of this high-temperature superconductor is by the process control of this technology, particularly by duration in the heat treatment step and temperature gradient control.
CNB028026578A 2001-06-12 2002-06-03 Method for producing high-temperature superconductors Expired - Fee Related CN100376044C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10128320A DE10128320C1 (en) 2001-06-12 2001-06-12 High temperature superconductor manufacturing method has material converted into superconductive layer applied to metal band and doped to provide non-uniform melting points
DE10128320.2 2001-06-12

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CN1465107A true CN1465107A (en) 2003-12-31
CN100376044C CN100376044C (en) 2008-03-19

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107978394A (en) * 2016-10-25 2018-05-01 上海新昇半导体科技有限公司 Superconductive tape and its manufacture method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100741726B1 (en) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-10 한국기계연구원 Apparatus and method of manufacturing super conducting tapes using wet chemical process

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CA1340569C (en) * 1987-05-05 1999-06-01 Sungho Jin Superconductive body having improved properties, and apparatus and systems comprising such a body
US4994435A (en) * 1987-10-16 1991-02-19 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Laminated layers of a substrate, noble metal, and interlayer underneath an oxide superconductor
JP2707499B2 (en) * 1987-11-26 1998-01-28 住友電気工業株式会社 Manufacturing method of oxide superconductor
US5308799A (en) * 1990-06-07 1994-05-03 Nippon Steel Corporation Oxide superconductor and process for preparation thereof
CA2092594A1 (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-01 Makoto Tani Rare earth superconducting composition and process for production thereof
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107978394A (en) * 2016-10-25 2018-05-01 上海新昇半导体科技有限公司 Superconductive tape and its manufacture method

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CN100376044C (en) 2008-03-19
KR100863334B1 (en) 2008-10-15
DE10128320C1 (en) 2002-07-25
KR20030034137A (en) 2003-05-01
WO2002101844A3 (en) 2003-07-17

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