CN1442577A - 用于辊子或圆柱体的包覆方法 - Google Patents

用于辊子或圆柱体的包覆方法 Download PDF

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CN1442577A
CN1442577A CN02121388A CN02121388A CN1442577A CN 1442577 A CN1442577 A CN 1442577A CN 02121388 A CN02121388 A CN 02121388A CN 02121388 A CN02121388 A CN 02121388A CN 1442577 A CN1442577 A CN 1442577A
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CN1277671C (zh
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P·劳卡宁
A·V·A·韦海马
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Corva-Kromi OY
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种包覆复合圆柱体的方法。在所述圆柱体(1)的顶面上拉拔或挤压一金属壳(2),该金属壳的金属表面接受金属处理工艺的改良和/或涂镀上一覆盖层。

Description

用于辊子或圆柱体的包覆方法
技术领域
本发明涉及对复合材料的细长圆柱体进行包覆、利用金属涂镀进行表面修琢和精整。
本发明的目的是在非金属复合辊或圆柱体的顶面提供一硬金属表面层。这种复合辊的一个例子包括碳纤维复合辊和轴。
背景技术
在这方面,现有技术包括对复合辊进行精细研磨,例如在真空条件下给复合辊覆上汽相覆盖层,此后对覆盖层继续进行电镀。这种镀覆例如用于以塑料为主体的镀铬水龙头或类似物品的生产中,另一种例子包括镀铬的塑料汽车零件。各种金属喷涂(镀)技术也已进行了不同程度的成功试验。虽然碳纤维本身是导电的,但它不适用于电解沉积,覆盖这种碳纤维的基体材料是不导电的。
例如,在利用现有技术制造尺寸精密的造纸机辊的过程中,必须在镀覆之前进行精细研磨。涂层的耐久性和使用寿命已成为一个主要问题。然而,在未镀覆的情况下,碳纤维和基体材料的耐久性、光洁度和加工工艺性通常不够好。
发明内容
本发明是要提供一种复合辊、圆柱体或壳,它结合了金属壳和例如碳纤维复合管的有益的品质。金属壳可例如镀覆以硬铬且可以被加工成压型表面,以及可以借助更多的传统方法而被焊接、激光刻蚀或雕刻。另一方面,就其振动性能和重量而言,复合辊优于金属辊。复合辊的性能可通过改变纤维的角度和改变基体和纤维的材料来加以调整。用于造纸机的一种优选的复合辊材料是环氧树脂做基体的碳纤维辊。本发明的解决方案能够提供例如用于造纸机的复合辊,它几乎象一个复合辊一样轻,但它却具有与镀硬铬金属辊相一致的表面特性。当然,本发明的解决方案也同样能用于包覆其它圆柱形体。给一复合材料体包覆上金属—它作为最终镀层的首层或底层—可按如下所述的方式来进行,它可以在制造复合材料体期间来进行,或者将它施加在已经制成的和尺寸确定了的复合材料辊的周围。
现在将结合附图来说明一个实施例。
附图说明
图1示出了在一个复合材料辊上进行本发明的金属包覆层的拉拔。
图2示出了图1的拉拔心轴的细节以及一个可能作进一步表面处理的设备的优选布置。
具体实施方式
在复合材料管或辊1的顶面上,通过拉模或拉石3的孔拉拔一金属壳(蒙皮)2。拉模3用于通过压力模制来减小壳的尺寸,使得壳2的内表面能紧压在复合材料管或辊1的外表面上。该辊和要在其上拉拔的壳是利用一个夹持装置5和例如一个绳缆绞盘(卷扬机)6的牵拉来拉拔的。在复合管或辊的内部,可附设一个支撑它的心轴,该心轴用于在拉拔过程中保持复合管的尺寸稳定。优选地,碳纤维增强辊的基体材料在拉拔过程中仍是未固化的,并且会由于加工中所产生的热而被部分地固化。因此,就不需要再另行定形(定尺寸),并且连接是基于粘接,而不仅仅是包覆层的压紧力(压缩力)和其间的摩擦力。定形或其他等同的工艺,例如在采用热塑性基体材料时的加热工艺,也是适用的。
如果壳2的拉拔是围绕着连续未固化的复合管1进行的,那么所得到的另一个优点是,辊的尺寸是精准的,且其表面是光洁的,而无需再精密研磨。在这种情况下,一般需要使用一个内部心轴,以保持辊子的尺寸稳定并从内侧压它使之成形。如果包覆层施加到已经全部固化或硬定的辊子上,可以使用适当的粘结剂,例如环氧树脂或热固化热塑塑料来加强连接,这样它在拉拔过程中由于加工产生的热而软化,或者该管可由其他方式加热。环氧树脂或者由于加热激活或者利用催化剂而固化。如果拉制是在碳纤维基体材料或类似物固化之后进行的,利用单独一道工艺通常不能确保尺寸精度的提高。因此,当追求高精度时,需要在包覆之前进行磨光。尚未固化的辊子可在软态下被拉拔,从而由在顶面拉拔的壳确定的尺寸可被永久保持,与此同时,未固化的树脂加上拉制过程中产生的热在顶面拉拔的壳与实际的辊之间产生有效的连接。
就表面特性和尺寸精度而言,利用本发明的方法能使原本并不适用的热塑性基体辊的制造方法变得可以方便地利用,因为金属壳的拉拔使得在塑料表面上设置有高质量的包覆层,而且另外,通过拉拔适当热度的热塑塑料复合辊1以及金属壳2到尺寸精度可以获得精密的尺寸。
金属壳2也能为表面提供高导电性。这对于消除静电造成的缺点是有益的。静电对于碳纤维辊来说是一个问题,因为,虽然实际的纤维具有较高的导电性,但是用于纤维之间的基体材料通常是高度绝缘的。
在造纸机的应用中,金属表面壳2还能提供热方面的优点。由于很多基体材料不非常耐高温和耐温度变化以及耐机械应力,因此即使是较薄的金属表面层也能提供较持久的使用寿命,由于该金属表面下面的复合辊中的温度变化以及机械表面压力也将会降低,所以,金属表面下面的基体材料中脆性的形成在整个辊开始丧失其稳态及尺寸精度之前也不会造成任何问题。
在另一个金属管或轴上拉拔壳是一种已知的技术。图1所示的机构可以将壳2和位于其内的辊1拉过一个由拉模3和可能由一内部心轴构成的孔。在采用静止的内部心轴的情况下,拉制孔是圆环形的。该内部心轴也可以随着拉拔的进行而移动,从而它可以随后被去除或作为最终制成的圆柱体或辊的一部分而予以保留。在加工过程中,金属壳2被压缩到充分小的直径,以便在表面壳2和辊1之间形成压紧(压缩)力。这种压紧力也可由一内部心轴引起,该内部心轴也同时迫使辊的内径扩张。最终,例如通过与仍未固化的树脂的粘结而使顶面上拉拔的壳保持固定。除了管子拉拔之外,还可用一些其他的初步的加工来进行表面壳的制作,例如用挤压或薄板拉制。
在造纸机应用中,表面壳2的适用的材料厚度范围可以为大大小于1毫米到几毫米厚的较重的壳。包覆层的材料和厚度的选择主要取决于待要施加到金属壳上的涂层或镀层(涂镀层)。对于硬铬表面,金属壳2的优选材料2包括耐酸钢或不锈钢,以及铜及其合金。就拉拔来说,铝是最方便的材料,但它对于硬铬镀层具有差的适用性,但在另一方面,其表面易于覆盖上氧化层和例如覆盖上金刚石涂层,而且,铝也可为例如Teflon(特氟隆)涂层提供高质量的底层(基底)。如果例如仅仅采用硬铬镀层而不需表面压花(滚花)的话,那么一薄层就足矣了,而且价格不贵。如果例如需要在辊面上加工滚花4或可能要的丝纹,那么厚材料是有利的。参考标号7表示一个用于处理金属壳2表面的装置。选择合适的金属和厚度使得几乎可以采用所有适用于全金属辊的表面处理方法。此外,表面金属可被焊接,例如用激光焊接,这可形成一个用于连接管子或例如连接一个端件,或甚至连接一个用于消除静电的端子的气密和坚实的接头。
金属表面可被镀以任何电解或化学覆盖层(涂镀层),例如硬铬镀层或化学镀镍层。金属表面也可由喷涂(镀)或汽相沉积技术进行镀覆。利用HVOF(高速氧燃料)或爆燃喷涂或金刚石涂覆,可以形成耐磨加强涂层。
硬铬电镀对镀覆本发明的辊或壳来说是一种非常优选的方式,特别是在造纸机的应用中尤为如此。在造纸机的应用中,在造纸机辊上的硬铬镀层的优良的表面特性是众所周知的。此外,特别是与用于复合辊的已知涂层相比,硬铬表面镀层是非常耐久的。如此获得的辊的重量仅约为金属辊的15%,其振动性能比后者要好,而在其表面特性方面则可与金属的硬铬辊相媲美。另外,已知的表面滚花方法不能在复合辊的顶面上制成非常耐久的表面,因为在滚花加工过程中,加强纤维不能完整地通过沟或槽延伸。因此,实际上,凸脊或凸棱在滚花加工在未固化表面上时会全部由基体材料构成,或者在滚花通过辊压制成的已固化的复合辊而成形时,纤维在所述凸脊的边缘断裂。
本发明的特征由独立权利要求提出,而从属权利要求则提出了本发明的优选实施例。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于包覆复合圆柱体的方法,其特征是,在所述复合圆柱体(1)的顶面上拉拔或挤压一金属壳(2),对其金属表面以金属处理工艺做改良处理和/或涂镀上一覆盖层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所述复合圆柱体(1)包括一种碳纤维复合辊。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征是,所述圆柱体或辊(1)的复合材料在拉拔或挤压所述金属壳(2)过程中仍处于未固化的状态。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征是,所述拉拔或挤压金属壳(2)的工艺伴随有将该圆柱体或辊(1)加工到尺寸精度。
5.根据权利要求1-3所述的方法,其特征是,在复合圆柱体或辊(1)和要在其上拉拔的金属壳(2)之间施加有固化添加剂。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征是,所述金属表面在接受最终其他表面处理之前成形有图案或滚花。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征是,所述金属表面通过辊压该壳表面而被处理出丝纹或螺线图案或沟纹槽图案。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征是,所述金属表面被镀以某些电解或化学覆盖层。
9.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法,其特征是,对所述金属表面用喷涂或汽相沉积工艺进行涂镀。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征是,所述覆盖层包括耐磨涂层,例如HVOF或爆燃喷涂或金刚石涂层。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征是,对所述金属表面用硬铬电镀或化学镀镍进行镀覆。
12.根据权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征是,对金属壳(2)进行焊接处理,以连接金属壳(2)或密封一个接头。
13.一种用于造纸或纸板机的复合辊或轴(1),其特征是,在其顶上拉拔一金属壳(2),并使其表面接受改良处理和/或涂镀,以提高表面特性。
14.根据上述权利要求所述的辊或轴(1),其特征是,对金属壳(2)的表面处理包括硬铬电镀。
CNB021213887A 2002-03-06 2002-06-18 用于辊子或圆柱体的包覆方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1277671C (zh)

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EP1762636A1 (de) * 2005-09-07 2007-03-14 Alcan Technology & Management Ltd. Verfahren zum Plattieren eines Profils aus einer Aluminiumlegierung
WO2008107000A1 (de) * 2007-03-08 2008-09-12 Alcan Technology & Management Ltd. Verfahren zum plattieren eines profils aus einer aluminiumlegierung
DE102009010429A1 (de) * 2008-03-14 2009-09-17 Thoenes Dichtungstechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Walze für die Bearbeitung bandförmigen Materials und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Walze
CN103981513B (zh) * 2014-05-30 2016-05-25 北京理工大学 一种在碳纤维表面化学镀镍的方法
JP7166515B2 (ja) * 2019-07-04 2022-11-08 株式会社都ローラー工業 めっきレス塗布ロール

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US3309984A (en) * 1963-12-11 1967-03-21 Mackay Engraving Corp Method of preparing embossing rollers
FR2082154A5 (zh) * 1970-03-05 1971-12-10 Marechal Ets
US4047536A (en) * 1974-06-19 1977-09-13 Asfour Emil S Method of making cigarettes and a cigarette made according thereto
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US6699417B2 (en) 2004-03-02
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