CN1439552A - 能量吸收系统及其焊接工艺 - Google Patents

能量吸收系统及其焊接工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1439552A
CN1439552A CN03106013A CN03106013A CN1439552A CN 1439552 A CN1439552 A CN 1439552A CN 03106013 A CN03106013 A CN 03106013A CN 03106013 A CN03106013 A CN 03106013A CN 1439552 A CN1439552 A CN 1439552A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
parts
vibration welding
absorbing pad
substrate
layer
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Pending
Application number
CN03106013A
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English (en)
Inventor
约尔格·布拉姆
罗伯特·吉福德
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Branson Ultrasonics Corp
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Branson Ultrasonics Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/210,161 external-priority patent/US6797089B2/en
Application filed by Branson Ultrasonics Corp filed Critical Branson Ultrasonics Corp
Publication of CN1439552A publication Critical patent/CN1439552A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/026—Chemical pre-treatments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/543—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining more than two hollow-preforms to form said hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115—Melting point
    • B29C66/73116—Melting point of different melting point, i.e. the melting point of one of the parts to be joined being different from the melting point of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73771—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73771—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明公开一种能量吸收系统及其焊接工艺。根据本发明一个实施方案的一种能量吸收系统，具有振动焊接在一起的基底和防震垫。以及一种振动焊接第一和第二部件的方法，该第一部件和第二部件由不能用于彼此振动焊接在一起的材料制成，所述方法包括如下步骤：在将第一部件和第二部件振动焊接在一起之前，在至少第一部件表面上附着一层可用于振动焊接至第二部件的材料层。

Description

能量吸收系统及其焊接工艺
对相关申请的交叉参考
该申请要求了2002年2月20日申请的美国临时申请No.60358123的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及用在汽车中的能量控制(吸收)系统例如车顶内衬，并且涉及一种用于制造它们的工艺。
背景技术
在当前的机动车中，能量吸收在保护汽车的乘客以避免在碰撞事故中受到伤害方面是一个重要考虑方面。同样，目前的机动车在它们的内部部件中通常包括有能量吸收系统，这些系统吸收了由于在碰撞中接触它们的乘客而导致的能量。如在这里所采用的一样，“能量吸收系统”表示这样一种结构，该结构具有粘接在能量吸收垫或防震垫上的基底例如蜂窝结构。这种能量吸收系统安装在车顶内衬、A-立柱、B-立柱、C-立柱、仪表板、侧门装饰衬板、保险杠、手套箱和垫子中。例如，一种车顶内衬10(在图1中显示出其分解视图)是由聚氨基甲酸乙酯或聚丙烯泡沫层12制成的，它具有聚酯或聚丙烯衬板14和由具有良好外观的织物例如毡子形成的前板16，用于在该部分安装在汽车中时可见的表面(在这里被称为可见表面)。在汽车应用方面，一部分可见表面被称为“A级”表面。聚酯/聚丙烯衬板14和前板16通常通过粘合剂粘接在聚氨基甲酸乙酯/聚丙烯泡沫层12上。然后在适当的位置处将防震垫例如聚丙烯蜂窝结构、聚丙烯肋条结构或者其它防震垫结构粘接在车顶内衬上。图2是这种车顶内衬/防震垫能量吸收系统的分解视图，其中如下所述一样防震垫18通过粘合剂粘接在车顶内衬10上。在所得到的车顶内衬/防震垫能量吸收系统中，车顶内衬是基底并且防震垫是聚丙烯蜂窝结构、聚丙烯肋条结构或其它防震垫结构。
迄今为止，能量吸收系统是通过用粘合剂将这些基底粘接在它们的防震垫上来制造出的。参照车顶内衬和图1，通常的制造顺序是将车顶内衬10装载到压力机中的紧固装置上。然后将粘合剂涂覆到车顶内衬10上。在涂覆粘合剂之后，将防震垫18安放在位于车顶内衬10上的粘合剂上面并且将压力机闭合。在经过适当的保持或固化时间之后，打开压力机，并且取出完成的车顶内衬/防震垫能量吸收系统。
上述工艺存在许多缺点。通常使用粘合剂喷枪来将粘合剂涂覆到基底上，并且它们会在基底的衬底和可见表面上留下多余的粘合剂或粘合剂串。固化时间不够以及粘合剂位置不够会导致基底和防震垫之间的粘接不牢。防震垫在基底上的不正确定位会导致在基底/防震垫能量吸收系统安装在汽车中时出现障碍。
发明概述
根据本发明一个实施方案的能量控制(吸收)系统具有振动熔接(焊接)在一起的基底和防震垫。在一个实施方案中，基底和防震垫至少部分由热塑性材料制成。在一个实施方案中，防震垫是一种聚丙烯蜂窝结构。在一个实施方案中，防震垫是一种聚丙烯肋条结构。
在一个实施方案中，防震垫具有由热固性材料例如聚氨基甲酸乙酯形成的基底层以及至少部分由热塑性材料制成的衬底层，对所述防震垫和基底进行振动焊接，从而将防震垫的衬底层振动焊接在基底上。在一个实施方案中，基底具有至少部分由热塑性材料制成的衬底层，对所述防震垫和基底进行振动焊接，从而将基底的衬底层和防震垫振动焊接在一起。在一个实施方案中，防震垫和基底中每一个可以具有至少部分由热塑性材料制成的衬底层，对所述防震垫和基底进行振动焊接，从而将基底和防震垫的衬底层振动焊接在一起。
在一个实施方案中，车顶内衬能量吸收系统具有带有基底层和聚酯或聚丙烯衬底层的车顶内衬以及防震垫。对车顶内衬和防震垫进行振动焊接，从而将聚酯或聚丙烯衬底层和防震垫振动焊接在一起。
在一个实施方案中，涉及一种用于振动焊接由不适宜进行振动焊接的材料制成的第一和第二部件的方法，它包括：在振动焊接所述第一和第二部件之前；将一层适宜振动焊接在所述第二部件上的材料层涂覆到至少所述第一部件的表面上。在一个实施方案中，这个材料层至少部分由热塑性材料例如聚丙烯薄膜制成。在本发明的方法的一个变型中，在将所述第一和第二部件振动焊接在一起之前将适宜彼此振动焊接在一起的相应材料层分别涂覆到第一和第二部件上。对所述第一和第二部件进行振动焊接，从而将在它们表面上的相应材料层振动焊接在一起。
在一个实施方案中，通过将聚丙烯蜂窝结构或聚丙烯肋条结构夹在聚丙烯基板之间来制成这样一种结构例如能量吸收系统。将该聚丙烯蜂窝结构或聚丙烯肋条结构振动焊接在其中一块聚丙烯基板上，然后将它振动焊接在另一块聚丙烯基板上。
附图的简要说明
从详细说明和附图中将更加全面地了解本发明，在这些附图中：
图1为现有技术的车顶内衬的分解视图；
图2为现有技术的车顶内衬能量吸收系统的分解视图；
图3为在振动焊接设备中的能量吸收系统的侧视图；
图4为根据本发明的能量吸收系统的分解视图；
图5为根据本发明另一个实施方案的能量吸收系统的分解视图；
图6为聚丙烯肋条结构的侧视图；
图7为根据本发明形成的结构的侧视图；
图8为通过振动焊接形成的聚合物连接件的图解说明；并且
图9为通过振动焊接形成的机械连接件的图解说明。
优选实施方案的详细说明
优选实施方案下面的说明其本质上主要是示例性的，并且决不是要对本发明、其应用或用途进行限制。
参照图3，本发明的工艺是参照车顶内衬/防震垫能量吸收系统8进行描述的，该系统包括粘接在防震垫18上的车顶内衬10(图1)。防震垫18在图中所示为一种聚丙烯蜂窝结构。应该理解的是，防震垫18可以是其它防震垫结构，例如聚丙烯肋条结构56(图6)。已知的是，聚丙烯肋条结构56是一种由聚丙烯模制成具有用来吸收冲击的肋条58的结构。
在图3中，摩擦或振动焊接设备20具有其上安装有上部工具24的振动头22。振动焊接设备20还具有由安装在工作台30上的气缸28支撑的下部预定心固定装置26。振动焊接设备20还包括具有防震垫容纳固定装置34的压力区32。举例来说，压力区32可以为VS-8101/1、VS-8101/2或VS-8101/7压力区，它们可以从Branson Ul trasonics ofRochester Hill，Michigan得到。弄粗糙的插入件36例如有花纹的铝插入件安装在上部工具24中。
举例来说，振动焊接设备20可以是在题目为“摩擦焊接设备”的US3920504中所披露的那种振动焊接设备，该文献其全文在这里被引用作为参考。
将车顶内衬10装载到预定心固定装置26上，并且该车顶内衬的可见表面(织物层16)面向上。将防震垫18安放在防震垫固定装置34上，并且开始振动焊接设备20的焊接循环。工作台30使气缸28和压力区32上升，从而使车顶内衬10进入上部工具24，并且压力区32将防震垫18压靠在车顶内衬10的聚酯衬底层14上。当车顶内衬10已经上升进入上部工具，则使预定心固定装置26下降。然后促动振动头22，从而使防震垫18振动压靠着车顶内衬10的聚酯衬板14以将防震垫18振动焊接在车顶内衬10上。将弄粗糙的插入件36设置在上部工具24中，从而在车顶内衬10已经上升进入上部工具24并且防震垫18通过压力区32被压靠在车顶内衬10上时它们与防震垫18相对。一旦完成振动焊接循环，则振动焊接设备20使防震垫18在压力下保持压靠在车顶内衬10一段适当的时间。一旦该保持时间过后，则使工作台30下降，并且从振动焊接设备20取出所完成的车顶内衬/防震垫能量吸收系统8。
应该理解的是，振动焊接设备20可以如此构成，从而使防震垫18上升进入上部工具24，并且车顶内衬10上升压靠在防震垫18上。
一个部件压靠在另一个上的振动作用，在该情况中示为防震垫18的聚丙烯蜂窝结构压靠在车顶内衬10的聚酯衬板14上，这会产生足够的摩擦热以使热塑性聚丙烯防震垫18和车顶内衬10的热塑性聚酯衬板14熔接在一起，从而根据防震垫18和聚酯衬板14的相应组分形成聚合物连接件和机械连接件(互锁)中的一种或两种。在聚丙烯衬底情况中，粘接基本上是聚合物粘接，而在聚酯衬底情况中，粘接基本上是机械粘接，其中热塑型聚丙烯蜂窝防震垫18包围着聚酯衬底层14的纤维(互锁)。应该理解的是，防震垫18可以不是聚丙烯蜂窝结构，例如泡沫或聚丙烯肋条结构。
上述工艺可以采用例如在上述美国专利No.3920504中所述的已知摩擦或振动焊接设备来进行。根据构成所要焊接的两个部件的材料来改变焊接参数条件以使这两个部件实现正确的振动或摩擦焊接。重要的焊接参数包括压力、幅度、频率、焊接时间和保持时间。
所示为防震垫18的聚丙烯蜂窝结构可以是以下蜂窝结构中的任一个：由Trau ma Lite Ltd.Of Manchester，United Kingdom以TRAUMA-LITE为商标销售的聚丙烯蜂窝体；由ATS，Inc.OfCanonsburg，Pennsylvania销售的PP 8-80 TUBUS蜂窝体以及由ATS，Inc.销售的WAVECORE聚丙烯蜂窝体。采用从BransonUltrasonics获得的Branson Ultrasonics微振动焊剂将涂有聚酯的车顶内衬材料焊接在这些聚丙烯蜂窝结构上所用的示例性焊接参数有：
最大夹持载荷：331N-340N
焊接幅度：1.70-180mm(顶端到顶端)
焊接时间：1-8秒
焊接频率：240Hz
表1显示出其中实现了粘接的用来将这种车顶内衬材料的零件焊接在这些蜂窝结构上的Branson Ultrasonics MINI-VIBRATIONWELDER的焊接参数。用于实现令人满意且优化的粘接的焊接参数可以通过常规试验来确定。(厚度为10mm和20mm的蜂窝材料(70mm×700mm)，在内部有和没有泡沫以及聚酯衬垫的车顶内衬材料。)
表1
  零件号     频率[Hz]     幅度[mm]  焊接力[N]  熔融时间[秒]   保持力[秒] 保持时间[秒]         评价
    1     240     1.80   340     5     340     5  10mm/没有泡沫衬底
    2     240     1.80   340     8     340     5  10mm/没有泡沫衬垫
    3     240     1.80   340     8     340     5  10mm/没有泡沫衬底
    4     240     1.80   340     8     340     5  20mm/有泡沫衬底
    5     240     1.80   340     8     340     8  20mm/有泡沫衬底
    6     240     1.80   340     5     340     5  10mm/有泡沫衬底
表2显示出用来将上述类型的聚丙烯蜂窝结构的夹层结构焊接在两层聚丙烯板基底之间的Branson Ultrasonics MINI-VIBRATIONWELDER的焊接参数。在这方面，蜂窝结构52的一个侧面(图7)振动焊接在其中一块聚丙烯板54上，然后将另一块聚丙烯板54振动焊接在蜂窝结构的另一侧面(夹层)上。这些蜂窝结构厚为10和20mm并且这些聚丙烯板填充有20％MFR(填充有矿物质)以及30％滑石。(厚度为10mm和20mm的蜂窝材料(70mm×700mm))
表2
   零件号   频率[Hz]   幅度[mm] 焊接力[N] 熔融时间[秒] 保持力[N] 保持时间[秒]                 评价
    1   240   1.80   340     8   340     8     填充有10mm/20％的MFR，夹层结构
    2   240   1.80   340     8   340     8     填充有20mm/20％的MER，夹层结构
    3   240   1.80   340     5   340     5     填充有10mm/20％的MFR，
    4   240   1.80   340     5   340     5     填充有10mm/20％的MFR，
    5   240   1.80   340     8   340     5     填充有20mm/20％的MFR，
    6   240   1.80   340     8   340     8     填充有20mm/20％的MFR，
    7   240   1.80   340     8   340     8     填充有20mm/30％的TF，
    8   240   1.80   340     8   340     5     填充有20mm/30％的TF，
    9   240   1.80   340     5   340     5     填充有10mm/30％的TF，
    10   240   1.80   340     5   340     5     填充有10mm/30％的TF，
在本发明的实施方案中，由“不相容”材料制成的部件可以通过例如使用粘合剂将一层“相容”材料附着在这些部件的一个或两个上来进行振动或摩擦焊接。如在这里所使用的一样，“相容”材料能够振动焊接在其它部件或其它相容材料层上，看情况而定。例如，聚氨基甲酸乙酯是一种已经用来在能量吸收结构中形成防震垫的材料。但是，聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫是热定型材料并且不能有效地进行振动或摩擦焊接。为了将热固性材料例如聚氨基甲酸乙酯振动或摩擦焊接在热塑性材料例如聚丙烯上，可以将一层相容热塑性材料例如聚丙烯片粘附在由将要焊接在由热塑性材料制成的部件上的热固性材料制成的部件表面上。然后可以通过振动焊接这两个部件，从而将由热固性材料制成的部件振动或摩擦焊接在由热塑性材料制成的部件上，从而将附着在由热固性材料制成的部件上的热塑性材料层振动焊接在另一个部件上。同样可以通过首先将相应的相容热塑性材料层附着在将要彼此焊接在一起的每个部件的表面上利用振动或摩擦焊接将由热固性材料制成的两个部件同样地焊接在一起。例如，可以利用粘合剂将聚丙烯毛片附着在所要焊接的相应部件的表面上。同样，可以通过将一层相容热塑性材料层(或多层，看情况而定)附着在所要焊接在一起的一个或两个部件的表面上来将由“不相容”热塑性材料制成的部件振动焊接在一起。不相容热塑性材料是其熔融温度和流动指数相当不同的热塑性材料，以便防止这两种材料进行有效振动或摩擦焊接。相容热塑性材料是其熔融温度和流动指数相当类似的热塑性材料，从而可以将这两种材料摩擦或振动焊接在一起。
回到图4，该图显示出本发明的一个实施方案的分解视图，其中能量吸收结构38具有粘接在车顶内衬10上的聚氨基甲酸乙酯防震垫40。基底42所示为上述类型的纤维加强车顶内衬材料。在图4中与在图3中的元件对应的元件用相同的参考标号识别。防震垫40所示为由一层聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫44制成，并且具有以公知的方式例如用粘合剂或胶带附着在该聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫层44上的聚酯绒毛或聚丙烯衬底层46。防震垫40还可以任选具有饰面层48，该饰面层可以是羊毛毡、聚酯绒等。
以上述方式将车顶内衬10安放在振动焊接设备20中(图3)，并且防震垫40安放在防震垫夹具34上(图3)，其中聚酯衬底层44面向车顶内衬10。然后以上述方式将车顶内衬10和防震垫40振动焊接在一起。
表3显示出通过在Branson Ultrasonics MINI-VIBRATIONWELDER上通常为带聚酯衬底的车顶内衬材料片焊接在具有如上所述的聚丙烯绒毛衬底层的聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫层上而制成的结构的焊接参数。在表3的焊接参数中，所述热塑性材料从防震垫的聚丙烯绒毛衬底层透进车顶内衬10的聚酯衬底层14，从而形成机械粘接。在每个情况中，实现了粘接。最优的焊接参数可以由经验来确定。(厚度大约为10mm并且尺寸为60mm×15mm的聚氨基甲酸乙酯部件)。
表3
 零件号   频率[Hz]   幅度[mm]  焊接力[N]  熔融时间[秒]  保持力[N] 保持时间[秒]
    1     240     1.70     340     6     340     3
    2     240     1.70     340     6     340     3
    3     240     1.70     340     8     340     3
    4     240     1.70     340     8     340     3
    5     240     1.70     340     8     340     3
在一些情况中，两个部件由具有热塑性但是不足以进行有效振动或摩擦焊接的相似材料制成。例如，即使它们的聚酯衬底层是热塑性的，也难以有效地将两个由上述车顶内衬材料形成的零件振动或摩擦焊接在一起。在这些情况中，将可以振动或摩擦焊接在这两个部件上的中间热塑性材料插入在这两层聚酯衬底层之间。可以例如通过粘合剂将该中间热塑性材料粘接在其中一个部件上，或者振动或摩擦焊接在该部件上。然后将另一个部件振动或摩擦焊接在第一部件上，并且尤其是焊接在附着在第一部件上的热塑性材料层上。
其中可以使用上述工艺的实施例是将由上述典型的车顶内衬材料形成的两个部件振动或摩擦焊接在一起。如上所述，由这种典型的车顶内衬材料制成的车顶内衬50包括具有聚酯衬底板14和由织物例如毛毡形成的前板16的聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫层12。虽然聚酯是热塑性材料，但是两层聚酯材料不能有效地摩擦焊接在一起。图5为通过将一层聚丙烯膜51插入在车顶内衬50的两个部件的聚酯衬底层14之间而振动或摩擦焊接在一起的这种车顶内衬材料的两个部件50的分解视图。例如通过粘合剂、胶带等或者通过振动或摩擦焊接将聚丙烯膜51粘接在其中一个部件50的聚酯衬底层14上。然后将具有粘接在其聚酯衬底层14上的所得到的具有聚丙烯膜51的车顶内衬部件50振动或摩擦焊接在另一个部件50上，并且将聚丙烯膜51振动或摩擦焊接在另一个部件50的聚酯衬底层14上。
表4显示出对于许多焊接的焊接参数，其中以这样的方式用Branson Ultrasonics MINI-VIBRATION WELDER将两个这种部件50振动或摩擦焊接在一起。(大约为50mm×50mm的部件)
表4
零件号  频率[Hz] 幅度[mm] 焊接力[N] 熔融时间[秒] 保持力[N] 保持时间[秒]
 1  240  1.70  340  8  340  3
 2  240  1.70  340  8  340  3
 3  240  1.70  340  4  340  3
 4  240  1.70  340  5  340  3
 5  240  1.70  340  1  340  3
图8显示出由聚合物制成的两个部件之间的分子聚合物结合，其中这些聚合物彼此粘接在一起。如所示一样，在分子聚合物粘接中，这两个部件的聚合物混合并且变成一种聚合物。因此如所知的一样，为了将两种聚合物熔融在一起以形成聚合物粘接，则如果不是相同的聚合物，这两种聚合物必须具有相当的熔融温度和熔融流动指数。
图9显示出通过将两个部件的聚合物熔融在一起而形成的机械或互锁粘接。在机械粘接中，一个部件的聚合物例如热塑性部件熔融并且互锁在另一个部件的聚合物中的成份例如纤维材料周围。但是，在纯机械连接中，两个部件的聚合物不会如上所述一样参照图8的分子聚合物粘接相互混合。
表5显示出用来将蜂窝材料(来自Trauma Lite的在两个侧面上具有绒毛衬底的“WAVE CORE”)焊接在具有聚丙烯衬底的车顶内衬材料(来自Lear公司的“AZDEL”)上的Branson Ultrasonic VibrationWelder的VW4型的焊接参数。用介于它们之间的条带将这些部件焊接在一起以便进行拉伸测试。(15mm厚的蜂窝材料“WAVE CORE”：具有绒毛衬底，部件尺寸为70×120mm。具有聚丙烯衬底的车顶内衬材料“AZDEL，”部件尺寸200×150mm)
表5
   零件号   频率[Hz]   幅度[mm]  焊接力[N] 熔融时间[秒]   保持力[N] 保持时间[秒]      熔化[mm]         评价
    1   240   1.75   1134     3     1134     5   0.092-0.11     移动：蜂窝结构；保持：车顶内衬
    2   240   1.75   1588     5     1588     5   0.070-0.080     移动：车顶内衬；保持：蜂窝结构
    3   240   1.75   907     5     907     5   0.020     移动：车顶内衬；保持：蜂窝结构
    4   240   1.75   907     5     907     5   0.030-0.050     移动：蜂窝结构；保持：车顶内衬
    5   240   1.75   907     4     907     4   0.011-0.013     移动：车顶内衬；保持：蜂窝结构
    6   240   1.75   907     4     907     4   0.015-0.016     移动：蜂窝结构；保持：车顶内衬
    7   240   1.75   680     4     680     4   0.002-0.003     移动：车顶内衬；保持：蜂窝结构
    8   240   1.75   680     4     680     4   0.006-0.008     移动：蜂窝结构；保持：车顶内衬
    9   240   1.75   1360     3     1360     3   0.011     移动：车顶内衬；保持：蜂窝结构
    10   240   1.75   1360     3     1360     3   0.013-0.014     移动：蜂窝结构保持：车顶内衬；
表6显示出用来将聚丙烯安全塑料(来自Oakwood Group)焊接在具有聚丙烯衬底的车顶内衬材料(来自Lear公司的“AZDEL”)和具有聚酯衬底的车顶内衬材料(来自Lear公司)上的Branson UltrasonicVibration Welder的VW4型的焊接参数。(安全塑料，部件尺寸100×140mm。具有聚丙烯/聚酯衬底的车顶内衬材料，部件尺寸120×160mm)
表6
  零件号     频率[Hz]     幅度[mm]   焊接力[N]   熔融时间[秒]  保持力[N] 保持时间[秒]               评价
    1     240     1.75     1134     3   1134     5 移动：安全塑料；保持：具有PP衬底的车顶内衬
    2     240     1.75     1134     3   1134     5 移动：安全塑料；保持：具有PP衬底的车顶内衬
    3     240     1.75     1134     3   1134     5 移动：安全塑料；保持：具有PE衬底的车顶内衬
    4     240     1.75     1134     3   1134     5 移动：安全塑料；保持：具有PE衬底的车顶内衬
本发明的说明实际上仅仅是示例性的，没有脱离本发明的范围的各种变型也将包含在本发明的范围内。这些变型不应该被认为脱离了本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (32)

1.一种能量吸收系统，它包括振动焊接在一起的基底和至少一个防震垫。
2.一种能量吸收系统，它包括至少部分由热塑性材料制成的基底和至少部分由热塑性材料制成的至少一个防震垫，所述基底和所述防震垫振动焊接在一起。
3.如权利要求2所述的能量吸收系统，其中所述防震垫包括泡沫防震垫、蜂窝结构防震垫以及肋条结构中的至少一个。
4.如权利要求2所述的能量吸收系统，其中所述防震垫包括一个聚丙烯蜂窝结构。
5.如权利要求2所述的能量吸收系统，其中所述防震垫包括具有热塑性材料衬底层的热固性材料基底层，所述防震垫和所述基底通过对它们进行振动焊接而振动焊接在一起，从而将所述基底和所述防震垫的衬底层振动焊接在一起。
6.如权利要求2所述的能量吸收系统，其中所述防震垫包括具有聚丙烯绒毛的衬底层的聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫基底层，所述防震垫和基底通过对防震垫和基底进行振动焊接而焊接在一起，从而基底和防震垫的聚丙烯绒毛衬底层振动焊接在一起。
7.一种能量吸收系统，它包括至少部分由热塑性材料制成的基底以及至少一个具有基底层和至少部分由热塑性材料制成的衬底层的防震垫，所述防震垫和基底通过对所述防震垫和基底进行振动焊接而振动焊接在一起，从而将基底和防震垫的衬底层振动焊接在一起。
8.如权利要求7所述的能量吸收系统，其中所述防震垫的所述基底层由与振动焊接在基底上的材料不相容的材料制成。
9.如权利要求7所述的能量吸收系统，其中所述防震垫的所述基底层由热固性材料制成。
10.如权利要求7所述的能量吸收系统，其中所述防震垫的所述基底层由聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫制成。
11.一种能量吸收系统，包括：具有衬底层的基底，该衬底层至少部分由热塑性材料制成；至少部分由热塑性材料制成的至少一个防震垫；该防震垫和基底通过对所述防震垫和基底进行振动焊接而振动焊接在一起，从而将防震垫和基底的衬底层振动焊接在一起。
12.如权利要求11所述的能量吸收系统，其中所述基底包括具有基底层的车顶内衬，所述衬底层位于基底层之上，该衬底层包括聚酯层、防震垫和基底，通过对所述防震垫和基底进行振动焊接而振动焊接在一起，从而将防震垫和基底的聚酯衬底层振动焊接在一起。
13.如权利要求12所述的能量吸收系统，其中所述防震垫包括蜂窝状结构。
14.如权利要求12所述的能量吸收系统，其中所述防震垫包括聚丙烯蜂窝状结构。
15.如权利要求12所述的能量吸收系统，其中所述防震垫包括带有热塑性材料的衬底层的热固性材料的基底层，该防震垫和基底通过对所述防震垫和基底进行振动焊接而振动焊接在一起，从而将防震垫的衬底层和聚酯衬底层振动焊接在一起。
16.一种车顶内衬能量吸收系统，包括：具有基底层和聚酯衬底层的车顶内衬；聚丙烯蜂窝状结构的防震垫，该车顶内衬和防震垫通过对所述车顶内衬和防震垫进行振动焊接而振动焊接在一起，从而将防震垫和车顶内衬的聚酯衬底层振动焊接在一起。
17.一种车顶内衬能量吸收系统，包括：具有基底层和聚酯衬底层的车顶内衬；具有基底层和至少部分由热塑性材料制成的衬底层的防震垫，该车顶内衬和防震垫通过对所述车顶内衬和防震垫进行振动焊接而振动焊接在一起，从而将车顶内衬的聚酯衬底层和防震垫的衬底层振动焊接在一起。
18.一种结构，包括振动焊接在聚丙烯板相对侧上的聚丙烯蜂窝状结构和聚丙烯结构中的一种。
19.一种振动焊接第一和第二部件的方法，包括如下步骤：在第一和第二部件振动焊接之前，在至少第一部件的表面上附着一层至少部分由热塑性材料制成的材料，该材料可用于振动焊接至第二部件，然后通过振动焊接第一和第二部件而将第一和第二部件振动焊接在一起，从而第一部件上的所述材料层振动焊接至第二部件。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法，其中第二部件至少部分是由可用于振动焊接至第一部件表面上的材料层的热塑性材料制成的。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，其中第二部件的热塑性材料和第一部件表面上的材料层的热塑性材料具有类似的熔融温度和流动指数。
22.一种振动焊接第一和第二部件的方法，包括如下步骤：在第一和第二部件振动焊接之前，在第一部件和第二部件中每一个的表面上分别附着可用于彼此振动焊接的材料层，然后通过振动焊接第一和第二部件而将第一和第二部件振动焊接在一起，从而使附着在第一部件表面上的材料层振动焊接至第二部件表面上的材料层。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中第一部件和第二部件表面上的材料层分别至少部分由热塑性材料制成，附着于第一部件表面的材料层的热塑性材料可用于和附着在第二部件表面上的材料层的热塑性材料振动焊接。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法，其中附着于第二部件表面的材料层的热塑性材料和附着于第一部件表面的材料层的热塑性材料具有类似的熔融温度和流动指数。
25.一种振动焊接第一和第二部件的方法，该第一部件和第二部件由不能用于彼此振动焊接在一起的材料制成，所述方法包括如下步骤：在两个部件振动焊接在一起之前，在至少第一部件的表面上附着一层至少部分由可用于振动焊接至第二部件的材料制成的材料层，然后振动焊接第一和第二部件，从而第二部件和在第一部件表面上的材料层振动焊接在一起。
26.如权利要求25所述的方法，其中第二部件至少部分由热塑性材料制成，附着于第一部件表面的材料层至少部分由可用于振动焊接至第二部件的热塑性材料的热塑性材料制成。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法，其中附着于第一部件表面的材料层是聚丙烯膜。
28.一种振动焊接第一和第二部件的方法，该第一部件和第二部件由不能用于彼此振动焊接在一起的材料制成，第二部件至少部分由热塑性材料制成，所述方法包括如下步骤：在将第一部件和第二部件振动焊接在一起之前，在第一部件表面上附着一层至少部分由可用于振动焊接至第二部件的热塑性材料的热塑性材料制成的材料层，然后振动焊接第一和第二部件，从而第二部件和在第一部件表面上的材料层振动焊接在一起。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法，其中附着于第一部件表面的材料层是聚丙烯膜。
30.一种振动焊接第一和第二部件的方法，该第一部件和第二部件由不能用于彼此振动焊接在一起的材料制成，所述方法包括如下步骤：在将第一部件和第二部件振动焊接在一起之前，在第一部件表面上和第二部件表面上分别附着可用于振动焊接至彼此的材料层，然后振动焊接第一和第二部件，从而使第一部件和第二部件各表面上的材料层振动焊接在一起。
31.如权利要求30所述的方法，其中各材料层至少部分由热塑性材料制成。
32.如权利要求30所述的方法，其中各材料层是聚丙烯膜。
CN03106013A 2002-02-20 2003-02-20 能量吸收系统及其焊接工艺 Pending CN1439552A (zh)

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