CN1378506A - 用于转动筛网印刷的纤维增强的塑料材料制成的印刷印版 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于转动式筛网印刷的印刷印版(10),它包括一个由纤维增强的塑料材料制成的薄壁空心圆筒(12)。该圆筒的壁上作出限定要印刷的图像(16、18)的连续的印刷孔(14)。根据本发明,该圆筒(12)包括至少一个层(20),该层上的纤维(22)排列在至少一个方向上。这些层的例子包括由碳/环氧树脂制成的多个层的层叠体(30、40),其中优选的是,至少有一个层上的纤维排列方向与印刷印版(10)的纵轴平行。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于转动式筛网印刷的一种印刷印版,该印版包括由纤维增强的塑料材料制成的一个薄壁空心圆筒,该圆筒的壁上带有许多连续的、限定所要印刷的图像的印刷孔。
背景技术
例如,在NL-A-8802144中说明了这种形式的印刷印版。用于这种印刷印版的圆筒由塑料材料制成,塑料中可以加入固体颗粒和/或纤维,以增加机械稳定性和强度。该圆筒的壁上作出大量格子点形式的小孔,即印刷孔,这些孔限定要印刷的图像。这些印刷孔可利用激光制成。
US-A-3981237也公开了一个类似的用于转动式筛网印刷的由塑料制成的印刷印版,圆筒壁可以包括一个或多个层。该专利称,通过适当地选择塑料材料,例如聚酯,可以得到作为印刷印版用所需要的机械性质。在这种已知的印刷印版中,该印刷孔同样可用激光制成。塑料材料可以填充一种增强材料,例如玻璃纤维。这种转动的印刷筛网是由用传统的挤压方法制成的管子坯料制造的,然后经过在轴向双方向上拉伸。这些填充物材料为(短的)割断的纤维,该纤维即使在轴向双向拉伸以后,仍随机地分布在塑料材料中。因此,该纤维的最大体积密集度为40%。然而,这样制造的筛网的强度和刚度有许多需要改进的地方。
上述由塑料材料制成的带有限定要印刷的图像的印刷孔的印刷印版,技术上也称为塑料“电镀”,但实际上在生产这些印刷印版时,根本没有金属的电沉积。
US-A-4959260公开了一种用于制造平的印刷筛网的且主要由成对结合的单丝组成的网眼织物。该成对结合的单丝中的每一根单丝具有由对乳胶和用于制造筛网的型板的树脂的粘接性质较好的材料制成的外皮;和由尺寸的稳定性和弹性恢复性质较好的材料制成的芯子。另外,该网眼织物还应满足较高的机械性能要求。在这种织物或由它制成的筛网中,没有加入单丝的塑料基体。
转动式筛网印刷用的镍制型板难以搬运并较脆,特别是如果该型板(还)包含有印刷油膏时更是如此。对刚度非常重要的该镍制型板的厚度,受到所要求的孔的尺寸和网眼数目的限制;并且使用标准的电成形方法只能增加有限的量。在使用塑料材料的情况下,上述孔可以用高能量的辐射制造;这时,原则上可以制造出较容易搬运的更坚固耐用的印刷印版。
然而,这些已知的由塑料制成的印刷印版没有取得商业上的成功。其中一个可能的原因是一般来说塑料的刚性较低。塑料的刚性比传统的筛网印刷印版的优选材料-镍的刚性小大约100倍。镍制型板的弹性模量E大约为90GPa,而由刚性较大的塑料中的一种聚酯制成的,带有许多孔的圆筒的弹性模量E大约为2GPa。特别是,当将该印刷印版用于转动筛网印刷时,所产生的弹性变形取决于弹性模量和圆筒的壁厚。为了得到与厚度为0.1mm的镍制型板相同的刚性,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的电镀厚度必需约为0.89mm。这种形式的大的壁厚对印刷质量和利用激光制造印刷孔的可能性有不利影响。另外,这种形式的厚壁印刷印版不容易或根本不可能将该印版推压在一起进行运输和/或储存;如同通常对薄壁的金属筛网印刷印版所作的那样。在后者的情况下,是将印版推压在一起成为卵形进行运输和储存的。再者,在负载作用下,由于塑性变形的结果,塑料比金属(例如镍)更易变形。
如在NL-A-8802144中所述那样,一般通过加入填充物和/或纤维可使塑料的刚性增加。然而,该荷兰专利申请没有说明如何使机械稳定性增加。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是要提供一种用于转动式筛网印刷的由纤维增强的塑料材料制成的印刷印版,该印版的圆筒壁厚不会对印刷质量和用激光制造印刷孔的可能性以及将该印版推压在一起进行运输和/或储存的可能性有不利影响,或者几乎没有不利影响。
本发明的另一个目的是要提供一种用于转动式筛网印刷的由纤维增强的塑料材料制成的印刷印版,该印版的机械性质与现有技术所述的由(纤维增强的)塑料材料制成的印刷印版比较,得到改善。
根据本发明,用于上述形式的转动式筛网印刷的印刷印版的特征为,圆筒包括至少一个纤维在至少一个方向排列的层。带有结合在一个方向排列的纤维(以下又称为单向纤维)的单个塑料层具有各向异性的弹性性质,即其性质依赖于负载作用的方向。
一般,在塑料中加入纤维可以改善刚性。可以加入所谓短纤维(也称为“割断的纤维”)形式的纤维,也可加入在塑料中随意分布的长纤维和单向纤维。原则上说,使用单向纤维可以得到最大的刚性。另外,带有单向纤维的层的纤维含量最高,因而就是这些纤维使得弹性模量最大。
如上所述,具有单向纤维的单一的塑料层具有各向异性的弹性性质。根据本发明,可以利用这种各向异性性质来限制在负载作用方向的变形。
在本说明书中,纤维增强的塑料材料是指加入增强纤维的塑料基体层。根据本发明,这些纤维排列在一个方向上。
根据本发明的用于转动式筛网印刷的印刷印版,除了通常的使用情况以外,该印刷印版还可适用于将其他涂层材料涂敷在具有如下性质的一个基片上,而在通常使用的情况下,是将印刷油墨或印刷油膏涂敷在要通过连续的印刷孔进行印刷的一块基片上的。这种形式的涂层材料的一个例子是热熔性粘合剂。换句话说,“用于转动式筛网印刷”的说法,不仅仅限于使用印刷油墨或印刷油膏来印刷基片,而是更广泛地,它包括在印刷印版转动时,通过上述连续的印刷孔,将材料涂敷在一块基片上。根据本发明的印刷筛网可以为传统的筛网,其上的型板可利用标准的光阻技术制造。从而在该筛网上只有限定要印刷的图像的那些孔,即所谓的“连续的印刷孔”保持打开,而该筛网上的其他孔则被光阻材料的固化部分覆盖和/或充满。根据本发明的印刷筛网优选为电镀的,它只包括可用激光制出的连续的印刷孔。
在工作过程中,多个在不同方向上的负载同时作用在印刷印版上。根据本发明的一个实施例,根据本发明的印刷印版包括纤维在两个不同的方向上排列的一个纤维增强的层,这些纤维例如可以是机织或编织的纤维织物、纤维物或纤维布。
为了减少总的弯曲量,优选使该纤维的一个排列方向与印刷印版的纵轴平行,即排列在轴向上。
根据本发明的另一个实施例的印刷印版,圆筒包括纤维排列在第一个方向的第一层和纤维排列在第二个方向的第二层;该纤维排列的第一和第二个方向不相同。如上所述,具有单向纤维的单独层的纤维含量较高(试比较:对于在环氧树脂中的单向碳纤维,纤维含量按体积计为63%,而对于在环氧树脂中的无纺物,纤维含量按体积计约为35%),这对弹性性质有利。根据本发明的印刷印版的圆筒至少由两个纤维增强的塑料层构成,其中,在一个层中的纤维排列在一个方向上,并且纤维排列的各个方向彼此不平行。
优选的是,第一层的纤维排列方向与印刷印版的纵轴形成α角,而第二层的纤维排列方向与印刷印版的纵轴形成-α角。该圆筒还可包括纤维排列在第三个方向上的另一个层,该另一个层的纤维排列方向与印刷印版的纵轴平行。更优选的是,该另一个层位于第一和第二层之间。
角度α的例子为45°和大于60°。用于根据本发明的印刷印版的三个层的层叠体因此包括纤维排列方向不同的三个层,例如,该三个层的纤维排列方向与印刷印版的纵轴的夹角可为:0°和±60°,或0°和±45°,或0°和90°(×2)。
根据本发明的另一个实施例的印刷印版中,纤维排列在第一个方向上的第一层和纤维排列在第二个方向上的第二层可以彼此交替。这种形式的实施例的一个例子是由四个层的层叠体构成的印刷印版。在该印版中,第一和第三层的纤维排列方向与第二和第四个层的纤维排列方向相同。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,圆筒在厚度方向的结构是对称的,其最外层,即第一层上的纤维排列方向与印刷印版的纵轴形成α角,而其第二层,即中间层上的纤维排列方向与印刷印版的纵轴形成-α角。在该实施例中,该圆筒有利的是还包括纤维排列在第三个方向上的另一个层,该另一个层上的纤维排列方向与印刷印版的纵轴平行。如上述的包括三个层的圆筒一样,该另一个层优选位于第二层即中间层之间,即,位于在圆筒壁的厚度方向看的中心。
在上述用于制造根据本发明的印刷印版和包括纤维排列方向与印刷印版纵轴平行的另一个层的多个层的层叠体中,该另一个层的厚度优选比其他层的厚度大。在该情况下,纤维排列方向相同的其他层通常具有相同的厚度。根据纤维的厚度(直径)和根据本发明的印刷印版的圆筒所希望的最终厚度,该印刷印版还可以包括多个纤维排列方向相同的相邻的层。
在根据本发明的印刷印版中,有至少一个带有纤维排列在至少一个方向上的单向纤维的层或多个这种性质的层的组合,可使圆筒的总壁厚较小,优选在80~300微米范围内,因此印刷质量好。圆筒的厚度较小,还可以根据要印刷的图案用激光来制造印刷孔。另外,可以将该印刷印版弯曲成卵形以便于运输;还可将印刷印版推压在一起。
从下面更详细地考虑在印刷过程中作用在筛网印刷印版上的负载中将会清楚,根据本发明的印刷印版的机械性质也是良好的。
在转动式筛网印刷中,通常要将印刷印版-电镀件或型板-夹紧在印刷机上,于一条印刷带之上。印刷带是一条环带,要印刷的基片临时地固定在该环带上。该印刷带利用在印刷机每一个印刷位置上的一个反向滚子支承。在印刷印版中有一个橡皮滚子,它供应印刷油膏,并将印刷油膏通过在印刷印版的圆筒壁中的印刷孔,压至前进中的基片上。在印刷过程中,作用在印刷印版上的负载由印刷印版和将印刷油膏挤压在要印刷的基片上的橡皮滚子之间的接触产生。印刷印版运动通过静止的橡皮滚子,所产生的摩擦力的方向与印刷印版的转动方向相反。印刷油膏的切剪力也作用在该方向上。为了部分地补偿这些力,印刷带的速度调整得比印刷印版的圆周速度高百分之十几。换句话说,印刷带比型板超前。因此,基片在印刷印版上产生的摩擦力方向与橡皮滚子的摩擦力方向相反。在印刷印版上产生的最大负载,又称为过程力,为在印刷印版与橡皮滚子和要印刷的基片接触的位置上,印刷印版下端切线方向上的一个均匀分布的负载。结果是,要印刷的图像(图案)以一条曲线的形式出现在基片上,即:如果变形有差别,则出现弯曲部分。对于厚度为0.1mm和印刷宽度为1850mm的镍制型板的情况,上述总的最大负载大约为0.1N/mm。超过这个负载,会产生扭转弯曲。为了防止印刷印版的这种弯曲,可加上一个1000N的轴向预应力。对于较长的型板,最大的容许负载应成比例地降低。
弯曲部分意味着:要印刷的图像中的直线在基片上以曲线形式出现。造成这种弯曲的原因包括印刷印版的局部变形,印刷印版的(纯)扭转和印刷印版的(纯)弯曲。当印刷印版用末端圆环只保持在两端时,会产生局部变形。通过采取一个歪斜的位置,可以校正印刷印版的扭转,但同样,在基片上会形成曲线。在这些原因中,局部变形是造成弯曲的最大原因。在根据本发明的印刷印版中,通过使用在一个或多个层中,纤维排列在一个或多个不同方向上的单向纤维,可以抵消这种局部变形。
虽然纤维有优选的排列方向和优选的纤维材料,但如上所述和下面将要更详细说明的那样,纤维的排列方向、层的厚度和材料可以改变。
为了减少具有单向纤维的单个层的各向异性现象,如希望的话,在根据本发明的印刷印版中,可以将圆筒各层的材料结合起来,形成一个准各向同性的层叠体。
如上所述,可以随着所希望的性质的不同,选择纤维材料和粘合剂基体的塑料。适当的纤维材料的例子包括:碳纤维、诸如玻璃纤维和硼纤维的无机纤维,金属纤维和诸如拉伸纤维的有机塑料纤维,例如芳族聚酰胺纤维和高强度拉伸的聚乙烯纤维,以及它们的组合。碳纤维和无机纤维是特别优选的,其中是碳纤维最优选。所用的粘合剂材料不是关键的,因为与纤维比较,它对机械性质的影响很小,可从已知的热塑性塑-例如聚酯和热固塑料-例如环氧树脂中选择。考虑到价格和刚性的关系最佳,在通常的组合中,优选的是碳/环氧树脂组合。这种组合的刚性,实际上为凯夫拉尔(kevlar)/环氧树脂组合的二倍大,为玻璃/环氧树脂组合的三倍大。其他刚性较大的组合包括:碳/聚酰亚胺,石墨/环氧树脂和碳化硅/陶瓷。然而,这些组合价格昂贵。上述单个层的材料商业上有销售。
许多纤维/粘合剂基体单个层组合的弹性参数在1994年牛津大学出版社出版的I.M.Daniel等人著的“(engineering Mechanics of CompositeMaterials(复合材料的工程力学)”一书中有说明。现将它们汇编在下面的表1中。
表1
纤维含量(体积%) | 平行纤维的弹性模量(GPa) | 垂直纤维的弹性模量(GPa) | 滑动模量(GPa) | 泊松比 | |
E-玻璃/环氧树脂 | 55 | 39 | 8.6 | 3.8 | 0.28 |
S-玻璃/环氧树脂 | 50 | 43 | 8.9 | 4.5 | 0.27 |
凯夫拉尔/环氧树脂 | 60 | 87 | 5.5 | 2.2 | 0.34 |
碳/PEEK | 58 | 131 | 8.7 | 5.0 | 0.28 |
碳/环氧树脂 | 63 | 142 | 10.3 | 7.2 | 0.27 |
碳/聚酰亚胺 | 45 | 216 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 0.25 |
石墨/环氧树脂 | 57 | 294 | 6.4 | 4.9 | 0.23 |
碳化硅/陶瓷 | 39 | 121 | 112 | 44 | 0.20 |
准各向同性的层叠体的弹性参数在表2中给出。
表2
弹性模量(GPa) | 滑动模量(GPa) | 泊松比 | |
E-玻璃/环氧树脂 | 18.9 | 7.3 | 0.29 |
S-玻璃/环氧树脂 | 20.9 | 8.2 | 0.27 |
凯夫拉尔/环氧树脂 | 32.6 | 12.3 | 0.33 |
碳/PEEK | 50.7 | 19.4 | 0.30 |
碳/环氧树脂 | 56.7 | 22.1 | 0.29 |
碳/聚酰亚胺 | 77.4 | 29.6 | 0.31 |
石墨/环氧树脂 | 104 | 39.7 | 0.31 |
碳化硅/陶瓷 | 113 | 46.4 | 0.22 |
除了上述的粘合剂和单向纤维以外,如果需要的话,制造各个层的材料还可包括其他传统的添加剂,如润滑剂、促粘剂、填料、颜料等。
另外,如果希望的话,在圆筒的内侧和/或外侧,根据本发明的印刷印版可带有一个或多个不含任何纤维而具有所希望的性质的另外的表面层,特别是塑料层。这种所希望的性质的例子包括:摩擦小、耐磨损、耐刮伤、疏水性、反差大和强度高。为了在确定的视角下,容易看见微小的印刷孔和这些孔形成的图样,增大反差是有利的,例如,可以通过将一个白色的聚乙烯表面层加在由含有碳纤维的环氧树脂制成的黑色圆筒的外圆周上来做到。为了减小摩擦,可以使用聚四氟乙烯,例如,特氟隆制的表面层。
本发明还涉及带有根据本发明的印刷印版的转动式筛网印刷装置。
附图说明
下面,参照附图来说明本发明。其中:
图1表示一个转动式筛网印刷印版的示意性透视图;
图2表示带有按方向排列的纤维的纤维增强塑料层的示意图;
图3表示一个对称的三个层的层叠体的示意性分解透视图;和
图4表示一个五个层的层叠体的示意性分解透视图。
具体实施方式
图1表示一个转动式筛网印刷印版10,它包括由纤维增强的塑料材料制成的一个薄的空心圆筒12。利用高能辐射,例如CO2激光,根据要印刷的图样,在该圆筒上作出许多孔。这些孔形成确定要印刷的图像16和18的印刷孔14,在所示的实施例中,这些图像是圆16的整个区域和矩形18的整个区域。
图2表示平面形的纤维增强塑料层20上的纤维22(用较细的连续线示意性地表示)的排列方向,与由该层制成的圆筒的纵轴平行。纤维的这种轴向排列方向对减少印刷印版10的总的弯曲是有利的。
为了简单起见,在下面附图中,相同的零件用相同的附图标记表示。
图3示意性地表示一个三个层的层叠体30。在该层叠体中,中间层32由图2所示的纤维增强的塑料层构成,即,纤维22的排列方向与圆筒的纵轴平行(图3中未示出)。在中间层32的两侧均有最外层34,最外层上的纤维22的排列方向与圆筒的纵轴垂直。带有这种形式的单向纤维的层叠体可利用通常的方法制造,例如拉伸挤压、注模法、层叠法和卷绕法;并且,如果需要,还可以利用磨削、抛光等进行机械加工。在US-A-5071506中说明了一种制造管形壳体的适当方法,为了制造连续的印刷孔,以后再对该壳体穿孔。采用这种方法时,将复合材料包覆在具有一个可膨胀内胆的心轴上。将该心轴插入一个压力机模型中。当对该可膨胀内胆加压时,复合材料被迫压紧在该模型的壁上。接着,使复合材料固化。
图4表示根据本发明一个平面形五个层的层叠体40的一个例子的层结构的示意图。具有对称结构的该层叠体40包括一个中间层32,在该中间层上的纤维22排列在由该层叠体制成的印刷印版的纵向上。在该中间层32的每一侧各有一个中间层44。在中间层44上的纤维排列方向与印版纵轴形成-70°的α角。最外一层,即第一层46上的纤维22的排列方向与印版的纵轴成+70°角。
下面的表3表示碳/环氧树脂层叠体(Ex=142GPa,Ey=10.3GPa,Gxy=7.2GPa和v=0.27,宽度=64cm)的变形数据,其中层的厚度和纤维排列方向是变化的。为了比较,还表示了镍制型板和由各向同性的碳/环氧树脂(E=56.7GPa,Gxy=22.0GPa,v=0.286)制成的印刷印版的变形数据,另外还有环氧树脂本身(E=4GPa)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(E=3GPa)的变形数据(参见例1和20~21)。对于两个印刷宽度1620mm和1850mm,给出了在要印刷图像的基片平面上的中心处的最大变形(mm)。
对于7个层的层叠体,其中,每一个层的厚度为0.028mm(总厚度为0.169mm),依次各层的纤维排列方向相对于圆筒纵轴的角度为-60°、60°、-30°、0°、30°、-60°、60°;则对于印刷宽度为1620mm和1850mm,最大变形分别为1.38mm和2.00mm。如果每一个层的厚度为0.032mm(总厚度为0.224mm),则这些变形值分别为1.13mm和1.61mm。
从以上例子中可看出,在印刷印版由三个层的层叠体制成且中间层的厚度为0.084mm以及纤维排列方向与圆筒纵轴平行(=0°)的情况下,当α角增加,而最外层的层厚保持不变时,最大变形减小(参见例6、10、12和13c)。应当注意,实际上,纤维适当的排列方向的选择部分地由所采用的制造方法的可再现性和总成本确定。例如,已经发现,利用卷线方法来生产根据本发明的带有一个或多个层而且层上具有纤维排列方向相对于印刷印版的纵轴的角度为90°的单向纤维的印刷印版,比卷绕其纤维排列方向相对于印版纵轴的角度小于90°(例如85°)的一个这样的层更困难,而且涉及到额外成本。
比较例子6和11,可以看到纤维的排列方向与印版纵轴平行的层的优选位置。另外,上述的例子清楚地表示了在纤维排列方向相对于印版纵轴的角度和层的数目为常数的情况下(见例15和16,例3和10),层的厚度(见例3)对最大变形的影响。
(备注)1:纤维排列方向相对于印刷印版纵轴的角度(°);
2:层的厚度(mm)。
表3
示例 | 材料 | 总厚度(mm) | 最大变形(mm) | ||||||
印刷宽度1620mm | 印刷宽度1850mm | ||||||||
0 | 镍 | 0.10 | 2.50 | 3.51 | |||||
0.12 | 1.86 | 2.63 | |||||||
0.14 | 1.46 | 2.06 | |||||||
1 | iso C | 0.14 | 2.32 | 3.27 | |||||
2 | α1 | 60 | -60 | iso C | -60 | 60 | |||
a | d2 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 2.52 | 3.59 |
3 | α | 60 | -60 | 0 | -60 | 60 | |||
a | d | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 1.71 | 2.36 |
b | d | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 1.91 | 2.69 |
c | d | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.14 | 2.64 | 3.77 |
4 | α | 60 | -30 | 0 | 30 | -60 | |||
a | d | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.16 | 1.77 | 2.50 |
b | d | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.14 | 2.19 | 3.08 |
5 | α | 70 | -70 | 0 | -70 | 70 | |||
a | d | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 1.66 | 2.30 |
b | d | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 1.86 | 2.62 |
c | d | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.14 | 2.59 | 3.70 |
6 | α | 70 | 0 | -70 | |||||
d | 0.028 | 0.084 | 0.028 | 0.14 | 1.89 | 2.63 |
续表3
示例 | 材料 | 总厚度(mm) | 最大变形(mm) | ||||||
印刷宽度1620mm | 印刷宽度1850mm | ||||||||
7 | α | 80 | -80 | 0 | -80 | 80 | |||
d | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 1.70 | 2.33 | |
8 | α | 60 | -15 | 0 | 15 | -60 | |||
d | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.14 | 2.45 | 3.40 | |
9 | α | 60 | -15 | 0 | -15 | 60 | |||
d | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.14 | 2.43 | 3.41 | |
10 | α | 60 | 0 | -60 | |||||
d | 0.028 | 0.084 | 0.028 | 0.14 | 2.07 | 2.87 | |||
11 | α | 70 | -70 | 0 | |||||
d | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.084 | 0.14 | 2.42 | 3.35 | |||
12 | α | 80 | 0 | -80 | |||||
d | 0.028 | 0.084 | 0.028 | 0.14 | 1.80 | 2.48 | |||
13 | α | 90 | 0 | 90 | |||||
a | d | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 1.81 | 2.46 | ||
b | d | 0.02 | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 1.74 | 2.37 | ||
c | d | 0.028 | 0.084 | 0.028 | 0.14 | 1.78 | 2.45 | ||
14 | α | 90 | 0 | 30 | 90 | ||||
d | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 1.72 | 2.36 | ||
15 | α | 60 | -60 | ||||||
d | 0.07 | 0.07 | -60 | 0.14 | 6.52 | 9.37 | |||
16 | α | 60 | -60 | 60 | 0.035 | ||||
d | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.14 | 5.58 | 8.06 |
续表3
示例 | 材料 | 总厚度(mm) | 最大变形(mm) | ||||||
印刷宽度1620mm | 印刷宽度1850mm | ||||||||
17 | α | 0 | 0.14 | 2.73 | 3.70 | ||||
18 | α | 0 | 60 | ||||||
d | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 2.82 | 3.88 | ||||
19 | α | 60 | 0.14 | 6.40 | 9.13 | ||||
20 | 环氧树脂 | 0.14 | 32.2 | 45.5 | |||||
21 | PET | 0.14 | 43.0 | 60.7 | |||||
22 | 碳(63体积%)/环氧树脂 | ||||||||
α | 88 | -13 | 13 | 88 | 0.14 | ||||
d | 11 | 59 | 59 | 11 | 2.31 | ||||
23 | S-玻璃(63体积%)/环氧树脂 | ||||||||
α | 88 | -13 | 13 | 88 | 0.14 | ||||
d | 11 | 59 | 59 | 11 | 5.00 | ||||
24 | 割断纤维(40体积%;E=20GPa)/环氧树脂 | ||||||||
α | 88 | -13 | 13 | 88 | 0.14 | ||||
d | 11 | 59 | 59 | 11 | 9.27 | ||||
Claims (18)
1.一种用于转动式筛网印刷的印刷印版(10),它包括一个由纤维增强的塑料材料制成的薄壁空心圆筒(12),该圆筒的壁上带有限定要印刷的图像(16、18)的多个连续的印刷孔(14);其特征在于,该圆筒(12)包括至少一个层(20;32、34;32、44、46),该层上有至少按一个方向排列的纤维(22)。
2.如权利要求1所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,该圆筒(12)包括纤维在两个方向排列的一个纤维增强的层。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,纤维的排列方向与印刷印版(10)的纵轴平行。
4.如权利要求1所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,该圆筒(12)包括纤维排列在第一个方向的第一层和纤维排列在第二个方向的第二层,该两个纤维排列的方向是不相同的。
5.如权利要求4所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,第一层的纤维排列方向与印刷印版(10)的纵轴形成α角,而第二层的纤维排列方向与印刷印版(10)的纵轴形成-α角。
6.如前述权利要求4或5中任一项所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,该圆筒(12)还包括纤维(22)排列在第三个方向上的另一个层(32),该纤维排列方向与印刷印版(10)的纵轴平行。
7.如权利要求6所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,所述另一个层(32)位于第一层(34)和第二层(34)之间。
8.如前述权利要求4或5中任一项所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,纤维排列在第一个方向上的第一层和纤维排列在第二个方向上的第二层可以互相交替放置。
9.如权利要求1所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,该圆筒(12)在厚度方向为对称结构,并且,其最外层,即第一层(46)上的纤维排列方向与印刷印版(10)的纵轴形成α角,而第二层,即中间层(44)上的纤维排列方向与印刷印版(10)的纵轴形成-α角。
10.如权利要求9所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,该圆筒包括纤维排列在第三个方向上的另一个层(32),该纤维排列方向与印刷印版(10)的纵轴平行。
11.如权利要求10所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,所述另一个层(32)位于第二层,即中间层(44)之间。
12.如权利要求6~7或9~11中任一项所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,最外层,即第一层(46)的厚度相同。
13.如权利要求6~7或10~11中任一项所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,该另一个层(32)的厚度比其他层(34;44、46)的厚度大。
14.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,该纤维增强的塑料材料由在环氧树脂的基体中的单向碳纤维构成。
15.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,该印刷印版(10)的圆筒壁的总厚度在80至300μm范围内。
16.如权利要求1所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,该圆筒(12)由准各向同性的层叠体制成。
17.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的印刷印版,其特征在于,在该圆筒(12)的内侧和/或外侧设有一个不含任何纤维的表面层。
18.带有根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的印刷印版(10)的转动式筛网印刷装置。
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US8444087B2 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2013-05-21 | The Boeing Company | Composite skin and stringer structure and method for forming the same |
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US8201371B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2012-06-19 | The Boeing Company | Composite beam chord between reinforcement plates |
US7721495B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2010-05-25 | The Boeing Company | Composite structural members and methods for forming the same |
US7467763B2 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-12-23 | Kismarton Max U | Composite landing gear apparatus and methods |
US20060237588A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-26 | The Boeing Company | Composite structural member having an undulating web and method for forming the same |
US9302427B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2016-04-05 | The Boeing Company | Aeropspace structure including composite beam chord clamped between reinforcement plates |
US7748119B2 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2010-07-06 | The Boeing Company | Method for manufacturing composite components |
US20070052554A1 (en) * | 2005-08-24 | 2007-03-08 | The Boeing Company | Methods and systems for logistics health status display |
US20070050104A1 (en) * | 2005-08-24 | 2007-03-01 | The Boeing Company | Methods and systems for logistics health status reasoner |
JP5013799B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-27 | 2012-08-29 | 三菱重工印刷紙工機械株式会社 | ナイフシリンダ、ロータリカッタ、及びナイフ取り付け台の取り付け方法 |
KR101310758B1 (ko) | 2007-03-26 | 2013-09-25 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 측면 보강재를 구비한 냉장고 |
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KR101659390B1 (ko) * | 2008-06-11 | 2016-09-26 | 토요잉크Sc홀딩스주식회사 | 레이저 제판용 수지 스크린 인쇄판 및 그 제조 방법, 그리고 수지 스크린 인쇄판 및 그 제조 방법 |
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