CN1376566A - 真空挤压系统和方法 - Google Patents

真空挤压系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1376566A
CN1376566A CN02106177A CN02106177A CN1376566A CN 1376566 A CN1376566 A CN 1376566A CN 02106177 A CN02106177 A CN 02106177A CN 02106177 A CN02106177 A CN 02106177A CN 1376566 A CN1376566 A CN 1376566A
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罗伯特·L·萨丁斯基
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Owens Corning Intellectual Capital LLC
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/905—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article using wet calibration, i.e. in a quenching tank
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/919—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling using a bath, e.g. extruding into an open bath to coagulate or cool the material
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/006—Using vacuum
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
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Abstract

一条真空挤压生产线包括:一个真空室(10),它在室内一端具有一个模具(18),在另一端具有一个挡水沉浸冷却器(20)用于把压出物取出送到大气中,在模具(18)下游的压出物的整形和尺寸分级设备(62,63,64),在模具(18)处的大直径固定隔板(16),环绕着整形和尺寸分级设备(62,63,64)的第一(44)和第二(46)大直径活动区段,以及真空室(10)的较小固定区段(24)。第一区段(44)密封在第二区段(46)和固定区段(24)上,并且嵌套在固定区段上形成一个间隙(68),第二区段(46)可在间隙(68)的范围内移动。第二区段(46)也密封在大直径固定隔板(16)上。此时,由于一个或两个活动区段(44,46)的运动,可以充分露出下游设备(62,63,64),并且为高生产率提供适当的容积和工作空间环境。

Description

真空挤压系统和方法
                         发明背景
先前的这类申请公布了一种水平的真空腿类型，如Pagan的美国专利号4,783,291所示。在Pagan专利中，真空室包括一个挤压模具，在其一端形成压出物。例如，在压出物经过尺寸分级、校准和排放设备之后，通过一个挡水器离开真空室。压出物越过一个坝板并浸入一个水池，通过水池离开真空室。水池具有两个区段或两个水面，一个在真空室内，在真空期间具有较高水面，一个在真空室外，具有较低水面。在真空挤压时，循环系统保持真空室内的水池水面不溢出坝板。水池提供了在真空挤压时充分的沉浸冷却，以及对离开真空室的压出物提供了连续的挡水密封。在压出物离开真空室外面水池的低水面或区段之后，在大气中被切割和处理。
在先前Lightle等的这类申请中，公布了一个水平真空腿的真空挤压生产线，它具有一个从坝板到固定隔板延伸的支承桁架，一个装在从固定隔板突出的挤压机端上的模具。校准和尺寸分级或排放设备装在桁架上。
环绕桁架的真空室包括一个固定区段和一个嵌套区段，嵌套区段可移离隔板而嵌套在固定区段上，以提供接近模具和下游设备的通路。
如果某些下游设备在固定区段之内，则进入固定区段就象进入洞穴或隧道。对于中等和低生产率情形，具有可嵌套在固定区段上的单个活动区段的系统是十分合适的，但对于高生产率和/或具有泡沫压出物的压出物截面，它就不一定合适。通常用每小时的英镑或公斤数来表示生产率。例如，通常较低的生产率为每小时200英镑(90.7200公斤)或更少，而较高生产率通常为每小时2000英镑(907.2000公斤)或更大。
如果发生意外或可能的事故，尤其是在系统开始时期，操作者需要快速打开真空室并快速接近失控的下游设备。操作者不仅需要快速接近，他们也需要在接近时具有工作的空间环境。如果没有，真空室可能完全充满或开始充满压出物，尤其是泡沫压出物，需要中断整个系统。
生产率愈高，需要更快地处理问题，以及系统的真空室需要更大的环绕下游设备的容积，不仅要适应于设备，而且要适应于设备周围的操作者，具有适当的工作空间环境，可以接近设备和任何错位的压出物。
                          发明概述
本发明的真空室利用了一个固定的大直径入口隔板。一个大直径的第一区段是活动的并密封在第二较大区段上，而且嵌套在一个直径较小的固定区段上，固定区段包括了坝板和挡水密封水池的较高水面区。第二较大区段可以在由第一较大区段移动所产生的间隙内移动，并密封在第一区段和入口隔板上。支承下游设备的桁架通过活动的大直径区段，从坝板伸到固定隔板。此时，所有下游设备可装在两个活动大直径区段内，它们为高生产率和良好的工作空间环境提供了适当的容积。
两个大直径区段均可快速打开，第一区段嵌套在较小直径区段上，第二区段可随第一区段一起移动，或者在由第一区段提供的间隙内移动。此时，可以快速地完全露出下游设备的任何部分。
可把第一区段锁定在固定区段上，在隔板和第二区段之间、第一和第二区段之间、以及第一区段和固定区段之间可采用液体密封，快速地重新建立真空室的完整性。两个大直径区段均可由动力来操纵，作共同或单独的移动。
为了达到快速接近以及打开和锁定真空室，在真空室的固定区段和活动区段之间提供了一个简化的快速作用的优选锁定系统。锁定系统利用了气压的活塞气缸组件，把各锁定块驱动到固定挡块之后，沿着与液体密封所产生力相反的方向，一起对各区段强制加压。不管固定和活动区段的尺寸是基本相同还是有明显差别，均可利用这个优选的锁定系统。
为了达到上述和有关目的，本发明包括了以下充分描述并在权利要求中特别指出的特性，下面的描述和附图详细地表示了本发明的某些说明用的实施例，但是，它们只不过表示了可采用本发明原理的各种方式中的极少部分。
                            附图简述
图1是本发明泡沫挤压生产线真空室区段的示意侧视图，真空室被完全封闭；
图2是相似的示意图，表示了一个较大区段被打开并嵌套，以露出某些移送设备；
图3是相似的示意图，表示了第二较大区段被打开并随第一区段移动，以露出某些移送、整形或校准设备以及模具；
图4是基本上取自图1线4-4的剖视图，表示了偏心的固定区段和较大的嵌套第一区段；
图5是一种锁定方式的放大的局部轴向视图；
图6是图5致动器的锁的局部视图；
图7是从固定区段到固定隔板的局部轴向剖视图，表示了图5的锁和液体作用的密封；
图8是相似于图4的视图，但说明了优选的锁定系统；以及
图9是图8锁定系统的局部不连续剖视图，基本上取自图8中的线9-9。
                    优选实施例详述
现参照附图，尤其是参照图1到3，一个泡沫挤压生产线的真空室区段用10概括地表示。在生产线的右侧或上游，设有用11概括表示的一个或几个挤压机。挤压机装在支座12上，并包括一个或几个装料斗13，由此把原材料送入挤压筒15，在加热和加压下形成泡沫塑性熔化体。挤压筒的伸出部分可突出通过大直径固定隔板16，模具18在真空室内装在上述伸出部分的一端。挤压筒可通过一个密封套伸出，该密封套在申请者的同在审理中的系列号08/696,718(1996年8月14日归档，名称为“真空挤压设备和方法”)内作了说明。因此模具18在真空室中和隔板16的内部。隔板形成了真空室10的上游端。对着的另一端或下游端是挡水沉浸冷却器形式，用20概括表示。在该挡水端的真空室可包括相互连接的圆柱形固定区段23和24，它们装在地板26上的固定支柱25上。作成坝板形式的出口固定隔板设在28，靠近两个固定区段23和24的连接处，它形成了一个水池或水槽29，其一端基本上在整个区段23中。在区段24中可设有滚子传送带30，它具有在压出物之下提供支承的滚子31。当压出物越过坝板28的顶部时，在压出物上下均提供了导向滚子，分别如33和34所示。这些传送带滚子使得压出物在越过坝板后，通过轻微的弧度向下偏移或沉浸，进入水池29。在真空下真空室内的水池水面如36所示。
压出物通入一个罩子37内，并在水池区段40之下离开罩子，水池区段露在敞开水池室41的大气中。在压出物顶上的传送带系统42还引导着压出物。此时压出物将向上浮动靠到传送带系统上。压出物继续通过水池区段40，并离开到大气中作切割和处理。在上述Lightle等的同在审理的申请中，可看到把压出物从真空室移到处理点的挡水和传送带系统的细节。在真空下，水池水面36稍高于露在大气中的水池29的水面43。把水循环返回到水池的大气端，使得水池保持不会溢出坝板28。这也在先前Lightle等的申请中作了说明。
位于真空室固定区段24上游的是明显较大的活动区段，它用44概括地表示。在46提供了同样较大直径的第二活动区段，应注意到，在真空室上游端的上端上，固定隔板16具有大小相当的直径。两个活动区段均装在滚子48上，而滚子48再装在与挤压生产线平行的轨道49上。当区段44或46移动时，至少轨道和相配合滚子之一是保持对准的导向系统。在图4中可以更清楚地看到滚子和轨道。
两个大直径活动区段44和46均设有驱动电机51和52，它们与装在地板53上的链条配合。与车库开门器非常相似，驱动电机51和52被通电来同时或单独移动大直径区段44和46。
一个桁架或梁60从坝板28伸到大直径隔板16。桁架可包括支承着相当复杂设备的轨道，设备位于模具18的下游，用于校准和尺寸分级。例如，在离开模具18之后的压出物可通过校准装置62和尺寸分级装置或滚子移送装置63，以及最后通过滚子移送装置64。这种装置相当复杂，尤其是在开始期间，需要作调整和微调。采用本发明，依靠移动一个或两个大直径活动区段，可以快速接近模具、模具下游的任何整形机构以及复杂的校准和移送设备。对于在下游设备或模具的空间环境中工作的操作者，活动区段的大直径提供了所需的空隙，并且万一泡沫压出物错误地偏离了其指定的路线，活动区段的大直径也提供了大的容积。
比较图1、2和3可以看出，依靠嵌套在固定区段24上，可以打开和封闭第一较大活动区段44。两个区段均为圆柱形并成偏心，如图4所示。当第一区段44打开时，图2所示各区段的相对位置提供了在区段44和46之间用68表示的很大间隙68。它露出了移送装置64和移送装置63的一部分。如果需要接近移送装置63或校准设备62或模具18，则只要把较大区段46移入间隙68中，达到图3所示位置。采用电机51和52，可同时把两个较大区段移到图3所示位置，在真空室的上游端露出模具和设备，如间隙69所示。
现参照图4到7可看到，第一区段44具有一个端板72，它形成了一个环状内部开孔73，通过开孔伸出了固定区段24的带法兰环74。在一种端板形式上可设有环状肩部75，支承着滚子链77的轨道环76，滚子链77支承着锁定板78。由活塞-气缸致动器79使滚子链绕轨道运动。气缸的封闭端在80处被支承在端板72的枢轴上，而气缸杆端在82处被支承在托架83的枢轴上，托架固定到滚子链上，如图6所示。比较图5的左右侧可看出，致动器的往复运动将使锁定板从一系列相隔开突起84和85之间的空隙位置移到上述突起后面的锁定位置，反过来也一样。锁定板和突起的相对位置如图5和7所示。突起设在固定区段的端部上。锁定板装在活动区段端部的滚子链上。当起动活塞气缸组件达到空隙位置时，可有选择地移动一个或两个大直径活动区段，如图2和3所示。
隔板和活动区段的直径量级基本上是14英尺(4.62米)或更大，而固定区段的量级为10英尺(3.05米)。因此放大比的量级约为10到14或更大。
如图7所示，为了密封较大直径区段，在固定区段24和活动区段44之间提供了环状液体膨胀密封件88。在两个大的活动区段44和46之间提供了相似的环状液体密封件89，而在区段46和固定隔板16之间提供了环状液体密封件90。当锁定板78在突起84和85之后的锁定位置中时，密封件88、89和90的膨胀将吸收图7中用92表示的任何空隙，在活动区段44和固定区段34之间提供了牢固的贴合。然后密封件的膨胀将提供密封的真空室。应注意到，当真空室打开时，在真空室内的水池水面36处于与真空室外水面43相同的水面上。当真空室封闭时，可快速恢复真空。
现参照图8和9，它说明了本发明的一个优选的锁定系统，不管固定区段和嵌套端具有明显不同还是具有相似的尺寸。锁定系统利用图8中用92，93.，94，95，96和97表示的气压活塞气缸组件。各致动器绕着固定区段中心作60°的等间隔设置，在通过中心的垂直平面每一侧上为对称。
每个致动器的封闭端在100处支承在两平行支板99之间的枢轴上。支板99从板72上伸出。每个致动器的杆具有一个固定在其上面的锁定块102，锁定块具有一个横向随动杆103，随动杆的突出两端跨在每个支板中的靠模槽105中。槽相对于区段的轴线为倾斜，并且当致动器杆伸出时它沿着径向朝内移动锁定块，当致动器收缩时它沿着径向朝外移动锁定块。当收缩到图示的实线位置时，锁定块沿径向离开固定在固定区段24外部上的相关止动块107。当伸出到假想线位置109时，锁定块从后面配合和靠在在止动块上，防止了两个区段44和24的打开或嵌套。
在气缸92内的压力驱动着两个活动区段向右，如图9所示，而在液体密封件88，89和90中的压力起相反作用。由于其简单性和动作周期短，图8和9的锁定系统被优选采用。不管嵌套的各区段的尺寸是相似还是不同，均可采用该系统。
现在可以看到，这里提供了一个真空挤压系统，它特别适用于低密度泡沫的生产，其真空室利用了一个固定的大直径入口隔板以及第一和第二大直径活动区段。较大直径的第一区段是活动的并密封在第二区段上，而且嵌套在较小直径的固定区段上，固定区段包括一个坝板，坝板形成了容许压出物离开真空室的全沉浸挡水密封区的一部分。第二区段可在由第一区段运动产生的间隙内移动，并且密封在第一区段和入口隔板上。一个支承着复杂下游设备的桁架通过大直径活动区段从坝板伸到固定隔板。此时，可以快速和方便地露出所有下游设备，为操作者和任何失控压出物提供适当的空间环境。在任何问题被纠正之后，可快速恢复和密封真空室。对于高生产率的挤压生产线来说，容积和接近能力是很重要的。
为了达到上述和有关目的，本发明包括了尤其是在权利要求中指出的特性，但是，它们只不过表示了可采用本发明原理的各种方式中的极少部分。

Claims (5)

1.一条真空挤压生产线，包括一个真空室，真空室具有固定区段和以嵌套运动装在上述固定区段上的活动区段，在上述固定区段上的止动块，以及在上述活动区段上的锁定块，由相关气缸致动器驱动上述锁定块靠到上述止动块上，把上述各区段锁定成封闭状态。
2.如在权利要求1所述的一条挤压生产线包括了靠模装置，它在锁定真空室时引导上述锁定块与上述止动块配合，在打开真空室时引导上述锁定块离开上述止动块。
3.如在权利要求2述的一条挤压生产线，其中，每个锁定块装在相关活塞气缸组件的杆上。
4.如在权利要求3中所述的一条挤压生产线，其中，每个锁定块包括一个横向随动件，以及一个与上述随动件配合的靠模，把锁定块移到和移开脱离位置和配合位置。
5.如在权利要求1中所述的一条挤压生产线包括了上述真空室的液体密封件，上述致动器抵消了由上述液体密封件产生的力。
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