US1990434A - Insulating material - Google Patents

Insulating material Download PDF

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Publication number
US1990434A
US1990434A US412405A US41240529A US1990434A US 1990434 A US1990434 A US 1990434A US 412405 A US412405 A US 412405A US 41240529 A US41240529 A US 41240529A US 1990434 A US1990434 A US 1990434A
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United States
Prior art keywords
air
insulating material
core
space
spaces
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Expired - Lifetime
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US412405A
Inventor
Kohler Conrad
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Individual
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/32—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/919—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling using a bath, e.g. extruding into an open bath to coagulate or cool the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/28—Blow-moulding apparatus
    • B29C49/30—Blow-moulding apparatus having movable moulds or mould parts
    • B29C49/38—Blow-moulding apparatus having movable moulds or mould parts mounted on movable endless supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/28—Blow-moulding apparatus
    • B29C49/30—Blow-moulding apparatus having movable moulds or mould parts
    • B29C49/38—Blow-moulding apparatus having movable moulds or mould parts mounted on movable endless supports
    • B29C49/40—Blow-moulding apparatus having movable moulds or mould parts mounted on movable endless supports on co-operating drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/13—Articles with a cross-section varying in the longitudinal direction, e.g. corrugated pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24174—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including sheet or component perpendicular to plane of web or sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
    • Y10T428/2975—Tubular or cellular

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an insulating material made of artificial textile fibres, particularly of artificial silk, and its object is to provide a material of this kind which not only has good 5 insulating properties but also is light as well as pliant and therefore easily mouldable so that it maybe shaped as desired. In order to obtain may be so chosen that the fabric can be easily.
  • the insulating material according to the present invention may be used to great advantage owing to its pronounced suppleness in every case in which narrow hollow spaces or spaces of intricate shape have to be efiectively insulated.
  • Fig. 1 shows in a longitudinal section and on an enlarged scale a thread-shaped body having. a core space void of air and subdivided by partitions into cells,
  • Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically an installation for producing the insulating material according to the invention from artificial silk, some parts of the installation being shown in section, others in an elevation view, and
  • Fig. 3 shows in elevation an evacuating device to which simultaneously several thread-like bodies made of insulating material may be connected.
  • a thread or filament 1 made of artificial silk which comprises an air-tight shell and a core-space which is free of air.
  • the latter is subdivided into cells 2 by transverse walls 3.
  • Such a subdivision of the hollow space by transverse walls presents the advantage that with a rupture of the thread the vacuum is not destroyed over the whole length of the thread but only in the cell 2 through which the rupture passes.
  • The. transverse walls 3 further increase the rigidity of the filament. Consequently the evacuated core-space maybe increased at the expense of the thickness of the air-tight shell 1 whereby the insulating properties are increased.
  • Fig. 2 shows in a diagrammatic manner an installation for producing a thread-like body of artificial silk having an evacuatedjcore space defined by an air-tight shell, and means for forming transverse walls thereby to subdivide the core space of the body.
  • the artificial silk, from which the thread-like body is to be made is supplied by means of a conduit 5 in the liquid state 15 to the container 4.
  • a heating device 6 to which the heating medium is supplied by the conduit '7 and led on by the conduit 8.
  • the discharge of the 20 mass from the container 4 is controlled by an adjustable nozzle needle 9.
  • the nozzle in which the needle 9 is arranged ends in a space 10 in which a vacuum is produced by means of an air pump 11.
  • the space 10 is closed in an air-tight manner by a liquid column 12 whereby the height h will varyin accordance with the vacuum present in the space 10.
  • the mass flowing past the nozzle needle 9 is shaped in the space 10 as a. thread-like hollow body 16; its core-space is thereby free of. air.
  • This hollow body 16 is squeezed at regular intervals by means of ro-' tating rollers 13, 14 provided withprojections 15 at their circumference and being driven from a pulley-17, for the purpose of obtaining transverse walls 18 which subdivide the hollow space in the body 16 into cells.
  • the hollow body 16 which has passed the liquid column 12 is wound on a reel 19.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the manner in which thread- 40 like hollow bodies 20, having an air-tight shell q and which are closed in an air-tight manner at their. lower ends are suspended from heads 21, which are connected to the suction space of an air pump 22.
  • this evacuating device it is possible to exhaust the air from the hollow core of the bodies 20; care should be taken to close the bodies 20 before they are removed from the heads 21.
  • I claimi 1 An insulating material comprising a hollow filament of artificial silk, transverse walls subdividing the hollow space into cells, each of which is evacuated the Walls of the cells being of sumcient strength and of such length as to prevent collapse of the said core-spaces under atmospheric pressure and permanently maintaining the evacuated cells.
  • An insulating material made of artificial silk fibres and comprising a hollow filament having core-spaces which are substantially free of air and having an air-tight shell, the walls of the core-spaces being sufiiciently short to prevent collapse of the said core-spaces under atmospheric pressure and permanently maintaining the air-free core spaces.
  • An insulating material made of artificial silk fibres comprising a continuous air-tight external wall having a series of evac- .uated spaces within said wall and a series of transverse walls between said evacuated spaces for preventing communication and collapse of said evacuated spaces.
  • An artificial silk fiber for the fabrication of insulating material which comprises an external,
  • air-tight wall provided with a series of transverse walls, said air-tight and transverse walls forming hollow spaces having an internal pressure substantially smaller than atmospheric pressure, said walls adapted to withstand the external atmospheric pressure without collaps- CONRAD KOHLER.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Description

Feb. 5, 1935.
c. KOHLER INSULATING MATERIAL Filed Dec. '7. 1929 r Patented Feb. 5, 1935 UNITED sraxras PATENT OFFICE Application December 7, 1929, Serial No. 412,405
In Switzerland December 12, 1928 Claims. (01. 154-44) The present invention relates to an insulating material made of artificial textile fibres, particularly of artificial silk, and its object is to provide a material of this kind which not only has good 5 insulating properties but also is light as well as pliant and therefore easily mouldable so that it maybe shaped as desired. In order to obtain may be so chosen that the fabric can be easily.
- woven or knitted. The insulating material according to the present invention may be used to great advantage owing to its pronounced suppleness in every case in which narrow hollow spaces or spaces of intricate shape have to be efiectively insulated.
Although it is known that exhausted hollow 5 spaces are good insulators and that, for instance,
silk is a good insulating material, the proposal to provide thread-shaped bodies with a core space that is void of air for the purpose of obtaining an effective insulating material which is at the same 30 time pliable and susceptible of being given any shape is an original idea far from being commonplace and of suflicient importance to motive patentability.
The invention will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawing. hi the drawing:
Fig. 1 shows in a longitudinal section and on an enlarged scale a thread-shaped body having. a core space void of air and subdivided by partitions into cells,
Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically an installation for producing the insulating material according to the invention from artificial silk, some parts of the installation being shown in section, others in an elevation view, and
Fig. 3 shows in elevation an evacuating device to which simultaneously several thread-like bodies made of insulating material may be connected.
In Fig. 1 is shown a thread or filament 1 made of artificial silk which comprises an air-tight shell and a core-space which is free of air. The latter is subdivided into cells 2 by transverse walls 3. Such a subdivision of the hollow space by transverse walls presents the advantage that with a rupture of the thread the vacuum is not destroyed over the whole length of the thread but only in the cell 2 through which the rupture passes. The. transverse walls 3 further increase the rigidity of the filament. Consequently the evacuated core-space maybe increased at the expense of the thickness of the air-tight shell 1 whereby the insulating properties are increased.
Fig. 2 shows in a diagrammatic manner an installation for producing a thread-like body of artificial silk having an evacuatedjcore space defined by an air-tight shell, and means for forming transverse walls thereby to subdivide the core space of the body. The artificial silk, from which the thread-like body is to be made, is supplied by means of a conduit 5 in the liquid state 15 to the container 4. In order to prevent the mass in the container 4 from solidifying the latter is surrounded by a heating device 6 to which the heating medium is supplied by the conduit '7 and led on by the conduit 8. The discharge of the 20 mass from the container 4 is controlled by an adjustable nozzle needle 9. The nozzle in which the needle 9 is arranged ends in a space 10 in which a vacuum is produced by means of an air pump 11. The space 10 is closed in an air-tight manner by a liquid column 12 whereby the height h will varyin accordance with the vacuum present in the space 10. The mass flowing past the nozzle needle 9 is shaped in the space 10 as a. thread-like hollow body 16; its core-space is thereby free of. air. This hollow body 16 is squeezed at regular intervals by means of ro-' tating rollers 13, 14 provided withprojections 15 at their circumference and being driven from a pulley-17, for the purpose of obtaining transverse walls 18 which subdivide the hollow space in the body 16 into cells. The hollow body 16 which has passed the liquid column 12 is wound on a reel 19.
Fig. 3 illustrates the manner in which thread- 40 like hollow bodies 20, having an air-tight shell q and which are closed in an air-tight manner at their. lower ends are suspended from heads 21, which are connected to the suction space of an air pump 22. By means of this evacuating device it is possible to exhaust the air from the hollow core of the bodies 20; care should be taken to close the bodies 20 before they are removed from the heads 21.
I claimi 1. An insulating material comprising a hollow filament of artificial silk, transverse walls subdividing the hollow space into cells, each of which is evacuated the Walls of the cells being of sumcient strength and of such length as to prevent collapse of the said core-spaces under atmospheric pressure and permanently maintaining the evacuated cells.
2. An insulating material made of artificial silk fibres, and comprising a hollow filament having core-spaces which are substantially free of air and having an air-tight shell, the walls of the core-spaces being sufiiciently short to prevent collapse of the said core-spaces under atmospheric pressure and permanently maintaining the air-free core spaces. 1
3. An insulating material made of artificial silk fibres, and having the shape of a hollow filament the core-space of which is free of air and subdivided by transverse walls into cells and the shell is air-tight, the walls of the core-spaces,
being sufiiciently short to prevent collapse of the said core-spaces under atmospheric pressure and permanently maintaining the air-free corespaces.
4. An insulating material made of artificial silk fibres, said fibres comprising a continuous air-tight external wall having a series of evac- .uated spaces within said wall and a series of transverse walls between said evacuated spaces for preventing communication and collapse of said evacuated spaces.
5. An artificial silk fiber for the fabrication of insulating material which comprises an external,
air-tight wall provided with a series of transverse walls, said air-tight and transverse walls forming hollow spaces having an internal pressure substantially smaller than atmospheric pressure, said walls adapted to withstand the external atmospheric pressure without collaps- CONRAD KOHLER.-
US412405A 1928-12-12 1929-12-07 Insulating material Expired - Lifetime US1990434A (en)

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2501833A (en) * 1943-12-03 1950-03-28 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for the production of hollow bodies
US2715231A (en) * 1953-09-03 1955-08-16 Oliver F Marston Flexible buoyant article
US3061401A (en) * 1958-06-11 1962-10-30 Schweizerische Viscose Process for producing synthetic bast of linear polymeric thermoplastic material
US3282667A (en) * 1962-08-30 1966-11-01 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of making hollow glass fibers
US3421873A (en) * 1966-03-17 1969-01-14 Jerome A Burgman Method and apparatus for producing an intermittently hollow glass filament
US3632247A (en) * 1970-07-16 1972-01-04 Degussa Compression and deaeration of powders
JPS5032264A (en) * 1973-07-20 1975-03-28
US4044084A (en) * 1975-08-11 1977-08-23 Phipps Arthur L Method of removing an article from a chamber having a reduced pressure therein
US4199310A (en) * 1978-07-10 1980-04-22 Condec Corporation Extrusion apparatus
US4201813A (en) * 1976-01-14 1980-05-06 Brumlik George C Cellular linear filaments with transverse partitions
US4271107A (en) * 1979-11-05 1981-06-02 Condec Corporation Foam extrusion apparatus and method
US4469652A (en) * 1982-09-20 1984-09-04 U.C. Industries Foam extrusion apparatus and method
US5753161A (en) * 1996-08-14 1998-05-19 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Vacuum extrusion system and method
US5783122A (en) * 1996-08-14 1998-07-21 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Vacuum extrusion apparatus and method
US6036468A (en) * 1997-08-21 2000-03-14 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Vacuum extrusion system
US6093350A (en) * 1996-08-14 2000-07-25 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Sealable chamber extrusion apparatus and method with process controls
US20070179206A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2007-08-02 Miller Larry M To enhance the thermal insulation of polymeric foam by reducing cell anisotropic ratio and the method for production thereof

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2501833A (en) * 1943-12-03 1950-03-28 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for the production of hollow bodies
US2715231A (en) * 1953-09-03 1955-08-16 Oliver F Marston Flexible buoyant article
US3061401A (en) * 1958-06-11 1962-10-30 Schweizerische Viscose Process for producing synthetic bast of linear polymeric thermoplastic material
US3282667A (en) * 1962-08-30 1966-11-01 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of making hollow glass fibers
US3421873A (en) * 1966-03-17 1969-01-14 Jerome A Burgman Method and apparatus for producing an intermittently hollow glass filament
US3632247A (en) * 1970-07-16 1972-01-04 Degussa Compression and deaeration of powders
JPS5032264A (en) * 1973-07-20 1975-03-28
US4044084A (en) * 1975-08-11 1977-08-23 Phipps Arthur L Method of removing an article from a chamber having a reduced pressure therein
US4201813A (en) * 1976-01-14 1980-05-06 Brumlik George C Cellular linear filaments with transverse partitions
US4199310A (en) * 1978-07-10 1980-04-22 Condec Corporation Extrusion apparatus
US4271107A (en) * 1979-11-05 1981-06-02 Condec Corporation Foam extrusion apparatus and method
US4469652A (en) * 1982-09-20 1984-09-04 U.C. Industries Foam extrusion apparatus and method
US5753161A (en) * 1996-08-14 1998-05-19 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Vacuum extrusion system and method
US5783122A (en) * 1996-08-14 1998-07-21 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Vacuum extrusion apparatus and method
US6093350A (en) * 1996-08-14 2000-07-25 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Sealable chamber extrusion apparatus and method with process controls
US6036468A (en) * 1997-08-21 2000-03-14 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Vacuum extrusion system
US6213752B1 (en) 1997-08-21 2001-04-10 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Vacuum extrusion system and method
US6403016B1 (en) 1997-08-21 2002-06-11 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Vacuum extrusion system and method
US20070179206A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2007-08-02 Miller Larry M To enhance the thermal insulation of polymeric foam by reducing cell anisotropic ratio and the method for production thereof
US20090054541A9 (en) * 2002-05-31 2009-02-26 Miller Larry M To enhance the thermal insulation of polymeric foam by reducing cell anisotropic ratio and the method for production thereof
US8557884B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2013-10-15 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc To enhance the thermal insulation of polymeric foam by reducing cell anisotropic ratio and the method for production thereof

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