CN1376227A - 使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造 - Google Patents

使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造 Download PDF

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CN1376227A
CN1376227A CN00813516A CN00813516A CN1376227A CN 1376227 A CN1376227 A CN 1376227A CN 00813516 A CN00813516 A CN 00813516A CN 00813516 A CN00813516 A CN 00813516A CN 1376227 A CN1376227 A CN 1376227A
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steel
building
plate
light
aforementioned
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河合良道
清水润
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Nippon Steel Corp
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/11Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with non-parallel upper and lower edges, e.g. roof trusses
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
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    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
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    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
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    • E04C2003/0404Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0413Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
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    • E04C2003/0404Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
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    • E04C2003/0421Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section comprising one single unitary part
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0426Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
    • E04C2003/0434Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the open cross-section free of enclosed cavities
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    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
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Abstract

本发明提供一种使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,特别是通过紧固连接使用薄板轻量型钢作为框架件等的建筑物的框架件与钢制托梁的接合构造以及成为屋顶主要构造的螺栓接合桁架构造,足以承受大地震强烈台风等的钢制建筑物。其构成是:在紧固连接形成墙壁的钢制框架件与钢制托梁的连结部使用插入、固定与钢制框架件的截面积同等或者70%以上截面积的具有钢制加强构件的薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造。另外,作为将薄板轻量型钢的上弦件、下弦件及格构件组装成桁架状而成的桁架结构,在上弦件、下弦件及格构件的接合部具有至少1个以上的接合贯通孔,连结各构件接合部之间形成接合部,且在接合贯通孔中插入系固物来连结、固定各构件的使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造。

Description

使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造
技术领域
本发明涉及使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,特别是耐震·耐风钢制建筑物的接合构造,涉及将薄板轻量型钢作为框架件等使用的建筑物的框架件与钢制托梁紧固连接的接合构造以及在成为屋顶的主要构造的螺栓接合桁架构造中的接合构造。还有,本发明所述的薄板轻量型钢指的是用板厚2.3mm以下的薄钢板加工的型钢而构成的建筑构造物的各构件。
背景技术
近年来,耐震·耐风钢制建筑物倍受青睐,这种钢制建筑物是使用板厚2.3mm以下的薄钢板通过辊轧成形法形成为型钢,将以原状态或者弯曲加工的型钢作为框架件、托梁或屋顶材料使用,将各构件与加强构件或者将各构件之间以螺丝接合构筑建筑框架。现有的这种钢制建筑物存在着许多的绑扎·接合各构件间的接合部。例如,上层托梁及下层托梁与框架件的绑扎部位、框架件之间、框架件与钢制或混凝土制基础的紧固连接部位、以及在屋顶桁架构造中的上弦件彼此之间的紧固连接部位、上弦件与下弦件的紧固连接部位、或者连结上弦件、下弦件的格构件的紧固连接部位。而且,几乎所有的场合在这些紧固连接部位为了加强使用加强金属构件或者连结金属构件。另外,在屋顶构造中,在使用板厚1mm程度的型钢构筑山形的屋顶桁架的情况下,2个上弦件和1个下弦件以及格构件等呈三角形地配置并用夹具等临时固定,各弦件之间的接合部通过钻孔自攻螺丝被接合。
关于上述各构件之间紧固连接·固定的接合构造以现有实施的接合构造为基础依照图1进行说明。
首先,托梁与框架件的紧固连接部位、框架件之间的接合构造,如图1所示,框架件1形成上层的支柱,框架件2形成下层的支柱,这些框架件的端部与轨道3、4垂直地连结为T字型,再有,在前述轨道3、4之间架设着托梁5,在与托梁5正交方向上安装着托梁6,而且,在该托梁6的正上方敷设着地板7。在前述托梁5的侧面形成着贴有用于形成墙壁的侧面壁件8用来形成墙壁部。
前述框架件1和框架件2不是穿透上层及下层的一体构造,而是组合构造,因而在两者之间存在夹设托梁5、托梁6的空间部。在该空间部中在前述托梁6处、在前述框架件1的正下部、以及在框架件2的正上部,前述托梁5及托梁6以直角连结·抵接。在该抵接部位的接合部需要加强,在现有技术中,在前述接合部只是以螺钉或者铆钉固定着将平钢板弯成直角的薄钢板制构件9。
但是,为了轻量化前述构件9与接合面积比较其截面积充其量只有50%的程度因而强度不足。特别是大地震、强风时建筑构造物被施加相当大的力,拉力或压力作用于框架件,伴随着托梁5、托梁6的变形地板件或者顶棚件也局部变形,将导致房屋倾斜、居住环境恶化。
一方面,如图2(a)、(b)所示,为了将前述框架件2固定在钢制或混凝土制的基础10上使用有下孔金属构件21。该有下孔金属构件21是用螺钉等连结方法连结前述框架件2和钢制背板22。还有,该有下孔金属构件21由钢制侧板23、24和处在该侧板之间并安装在前述侧板23、24上的底板25形成。在前述底板25的中央部附近,用贯通螺栓孔26和前述钢制或混凝土制基础10的地脚螺栓孔的地脚螺栓与有下孔金属构件21进行紧固连结。多数情况下,由于设置于前述底板25的螺栓孔的孔径与地脚螺栓的直径同径或者仅略微大,预先在工厂制作的各构件,特别是前述有下孔金属构件的孔的位置与地脚螺栓孔的位置不一致而使组装时产生困难的情况很多。另外,如图2(b)所示,在前述底板25设置于有下孔金属构件21的上方的情况下,如果强固地拧紧地脚螺栓将导致有下孔金属构件变形。
下面,说明屋顶构造中的接合构造。现有的屋顶构造,如图5(a)所示,是由将由板厚1mm程度的型钢形成的上弦件50、51与下弦件52的两端连结在前述上弦件端部组合成山形,根据需要安装斜向的格构件53,用夹具临时固定,将各弦件之间的接合部通过钻孔自攻螺丝54接合。在该屋顶桁架构造中,需要用于临时固定前述上弦件50、51与下弦件或者格构件53的夹具,为了装配该夹具和各弦件,需要屋顶桁架大小以上的精度良好的水平面,在现场要确保该空间比较困难,因此,现状是将在地面上完成的屋顶桁架吊起搬运至顶棚面进行设置。由于该完成后的屋顶桁架大而重的原因,存在装卸困难的问题。
另外,存在着如下的问题,需要将钻孔自攻螺丝54打入上弦件50、51和下弦件52的接合部,通常在各弦件的接合部的至少4处以上用钻孔自攻螺丝固定,根据屋顶桁架的大小需要比其更多的螺钉固定,由于每1根螺钉固定用螺丝的耐力低,为了得到必要的接合强度需要相当数量的、最多20根左右的螺钉固定,因此螺钉固定的工作量大、效率低,为了对准前述螺钉固定位置,各弦件需要正确地配置,预先在各弦件上设置这些多数的螺钉固定用孔需要生产线下的工作量,由于在狭小的接合部位打入许多的螺钉会招致在比所定间隔小的间隔内打入螺钉形成的接合部强度降低等。更加不利的是存在由于该各弦件的板厚较薄仅为1mm程度,会发生局部纵弯曲的问题。
发明内容
本发明涉及使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,特别是耐震·耐风钢制建筑物的接合构造,提供在使用薄板轻量型钢作为框架件等的建筑物的接合构造中将上述问题一举解决的接合构造。即,提供在紧固连接框架件和钢制托梁的接合构造中,通过与框架件的截面积的关系考虑加强强度的钢制加强构件,以及紧固连接形成上层及下层的托梁和框架件之间的接合部,以及紧固连接框架件与钢制或混凝土制基础的钢制连结金属构件的构造。
再有,在本发明中,提供一种可容易地对应在屋顶桁架等螺栓接合构造中屋顶坡度的变更、即使存在尺寸误差也能容易地构筑桁架、且可谋求伴随着现场施工精度的提高的作业效率提高的接合构造。
本发明提供达到上述目的手段,其要点如下所述。
(1)一种使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,其特征在于,在紧固连接形成墙壁的钢制框架件与钢制地板托梁的连结部插入·固定具有与前述钢制框架件的截面积同等或者70%以上的截面积的钢制加强构件。
(2)一种使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,其特征在于,在用螺栓紧固连接形成墙壁的钢制框架件与钢制或混凝土制基础的连结部插入·固定具有前述螺栓径1.5倍以上的螺栓贯通孔的钢制连结金属构件。
(3)如(2)所述的使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,其特征在于,是在前述连结金属构件上,组合具有与前述螺栓贯通孔同径或者比前述螺栓径大的螺栓贯通孔的辅助板的接合构造。
(4)一种使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,其特征在于,是将薄板轻量型钢的上弦件、下弦件及格构件组装为桁架状而成的桁架构造,在前述上弦件、下弦件及格构件的接合部至少具有1个以上的接合贯通孔,连结各构件接合部之间形成接合部,且在前述接合贯通孔中插入系固物来连结·固定各构件。
(5)如(4)所述的使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,其特征在于,为了与设置于前述上弦件、下弦件及格构件的连结部的前述接合贯通孔一致而抵接至少具有1个以上的接合贯通孔的接合金属构件将各构件连结·固定。
(6)如(5)所述的使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,其特征在于,前述接合金属构件为板厚1.6mm以上的钢制垫圈或垫片。
(7)一种钢结构建筑物,其特征在于,具有如(1)~(6)中任何一项所述的使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造。
附图说明
图1表示现有方法的钢制建筑物的纵框架件、钢制托梁的接合构造。
图2表示现有方法的钢制建筑物的纵框架件与地基的接合构造。
图3表示本发明的钢制建筑物的纵框架件、钢制托梁的接合构造。
图4表示本发明的钢制建筑物的纵框架件与地基的接合构造。
图5表示现有方法及本发明的钢制建筑物的桁架构造中的接合构造。
具体实施方式
下面,依照图面说明本发明的实施的形态。
图3表示本发明紧固连接·接合各框架件间的接合构造。在图3中,框架件1形成上层的支柱,框架件2形成下层的支柱,这些框架件的端部与轨道3、4呈T字型相垂直地接合,再有,在前述轨道3、4之间安装托梁5,在与托梁5正交方向上安装着托梁6,而且,在该托梁6的正上方铺设着地板7。一方面,在托梁5的侧面贴有形成墙壁的侧面壁件8。前述框架件1和框架件2不是穿透上层及下层的一体构造,而是组合构造,因而在两者之间存在着夹置托梁5、托梁6的空间部。在该空间部中,在前述框架件1的正下部以及在框架件2的正上部前述托梁5及托梁6以直角连结·抵接。该构造与图1所示的状态相同。
但是,与图1中现有的构造最大的不同点是,在现有的构造中,在托梁6与托梁5的侧面以直角连结·抵接的接合部形成只是将平钢板弯曲成直角的薄钢板制的构件9以螺钉或者铆钉加以固定的加强,在地震等灾害时构造上的强度不足。即,前述构件9为了轻量化与接合面积比较截面积充其量只有50%的程度,因而强度不足。特别是大地震、强风时建筑构造物承受相当大的力,拉力或压力作用于框架件,伴随着托梁5、托梁6的变形,地板件或者顶棚件也局部变形,将导致房屋倾斜居住环境恶化。
在本发明的加强接合构造中,将具有与矩形、槽形状的前述框架件的截面积同等或者70%以上截面积的钢制加强构件9′插入·固定,其具体构造如图3所引出的扩大部分所示,安装着具有矩形、槽形状的钢制加强构件9′。通过安装这样的截面积大的钢制加强构件9′,例如足以承耐震度5以上的大地震或风速30m/sec以上的暴风雨。但是,如果前述加强构件9′超过框架件的截面积的100%以上将导致重量增加、接合部过于坚固,因此前述钢制加强构件9′的截面积与框架件的截面积同等或者70%以上为宜。一方面,本发明中关于钢制建筑物的基础的固定,如图4所示,在成为紧固连接框架件2与钢制或混凝土制基础10的连结部的底板25上设置螺栓径1.5倍以上的螺栓贯通孔27为宜,而且,在辅助板28上设置与螺栓径相同程度的螺栓贯通孔29。在此,设置在底板25上的螺栓孔径为螺栓径的1.5倍以上,例如,相对于16mm径的螺栓设置24mm以上的螺栓贯通孔,相对于19mm径的螺栓设置28.5mm以上的螺栓贯通孔,据此将可以吸收施工误差。如果将该螺栓贯通孔径进一步扩大的情况下,由于会引起强度的降低,当然不能过度地扩大。
还有,根据本发明的屋顶构造,如图5(b)所示,是由板厚2.3mm以下的薄钢板而成的型钢形成的上弦件50、51和下弦件52的两端连结在前述上弦件端部组装成为桁架状而成的桁架构造,根据需要安装斜向的格构件53,在前述上弦件50、下弦件52及格构件53的前端的接合部预先在地上穿孔设置至少1个以上的系固物孔55,各构件接合部之间重合形成连结接合部56,并且在前述固定栓孔55中插入连结螺栓等的系固物57来连结·固定各构件成为桁架构造。再有,在上述上弦件50、51、下弦件52及格构件53的连结部将接合金属构件56与预先设置的系固物孔的位置相对合,做成为抵接至少具有1个以上的固定栓孔58的接合金属构件56,最好是板厚1.6mm以上的钢制垫圈或垫片等的构件进行紧固连接·固定的桁架结构。另外,前述钢制垫圈或垫片等的固定栓贯通孔的径比螺栓头部的径大的情况在强度上升方面令人满意。
在通过具有本发明这种构成的建筑物的屋顶构造中,由于只是将透孔位置进行对齐就可以正确地配置进行接合的构件,因此大幅地改善了现场组装作业,而且,在过去,使用5~6个螺丝接合的部位,只用1个螺栓就可以简单地接合,显著地减轻了接合作业。
还有,本发明作为耐震·耐风钢制建筑物有效地适用在钢结构建筑物上。
如上所述,本发明在使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造中,特别是能够容易地提供使用薄板轻量型钢作为框架件的建筑物的紧固连接框架件与钢制托梁的接合构造以及成为屋顶的主要构造的螺栓接合桁架构造,特别能够提供足以承受大地震、台风等强风的钢制建筑物,而且具有大幅改善作业性的效果。

Claims (7)

1.一种使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,其特征在于,在紧固连接形成墙壁的钢制框架件与钢制地板托梁的连结部插入·固定具有与前述钢制框架件的截面积同等或者70%以上截面积的钢制加强构件。
2.一种使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,其特征在于,在用螺栓紧固连接形成墙壁的钢制框架件与钢制或混凝土制基础的连结部插入·固定具有前述螺栓径1.5倍以上的螺栓贯通孔的钢制连结金属构件。
3.如权利要求2所述的使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,其特征在于,是在前述连结金属构件上组合具有与前述螺栓贯通孔同径或者比前述螺栓径大的螺栓贯通孔的辅助板的接合构造。
4.一种使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,其特征在于,是将薄板轻量型钢的上弦件、下弦件及格构件组装成为桁架状而成的桁架构造,在前述上弦件、下弦件及格构件的接合部具有至少1个以上的接合贯通孔,连结各构件接合部之间形成接合部,且在前述接合贯通孔插入固定栓连结·固定各构件。
5.如权利要求4所述的使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,其特征在于,是以与设置于前述上弦件、下弦件及格构件的连结部的前述接合贯通孔一致的方式抵接具有至少1个以上的接合贯通孔的接合金属构件并将各构件连结·固定的构造。
6.如权利要求5所述的使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造,其特征在于,前述接合金属构件为板厚1.6mm以上的钢制垫圈或垫片。
7.一种钢结构建筑物,其特征在于,具有权利要求1~6中任何一项所述的使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造。
CN00813516A 2000-05-25 2000-05-25 使用薄板轻量型钢的建筑物的接合构造 Pending CN1376227A (zh)

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