CN1348596A - 带双电层的电容器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于电技术工程,主要涉及带双电层的电化学电容器,其中所说的发明可以用于制造聚积电能的装置。这种电容器的功率得以提高,因为可极化电极是由碳材料制成的,而另一电极的活性材料包括氢氧化镍。可极化电极电流输出的表面是用对电解质能保持稳定的金属或碳介质制成的。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及电工领域，更具体地涉及具有双电层的电化学电容器，它可以用于构建存储电力的装备并可用于：
-备用电源系统，此时它工作于恒定或补偿浮充(compensatingfloating charge)方式；
-在使用周期性工作的能源下例如风能和太阳能，提供恒定的电源；
-在运输中积聚再生制动功率的装置中；
-电气运输中作为拖动电池；
-可靠地起动内燃机的装置中。
发明背景
具有液体电解质和用各种有大的表面面积材料制成的电极的双电层电容器，在现有技术条件下是已知的(美国专利4313084号，Int.Cl.H01G9/04，1982；德国专利3210240号Int.Cl.H01G9/04，1983)。
最佳结果是在利用各种活性碳材料以制造电极的情况下得到的。在这种电容器中单位体积的电容量超过了2F/cm3。
与此同时，使用质子惰性的电解质给出了将工作电压增加到2-3V的可能性(美国专利4697224号，Int.Cl.H01G9/04，1987)。
但是，使用碳材料和有机电解质对双电层电容器而言并不能得到所需的高功率，因为碳和电解质的低电导产生高的内电阻。
由于电容器电极结构上的改进，例如对粘结材料使用导电添加剂和施加碳材料，充放电电流得以增加(见Carbon(碳)杂志，28，No.4，1990，477-482)。
包括两个由活化的石墨纤维电极和电解质的双电层电容器的设计是已知的(W.Hallop等，“便宜的超级电容器”，“第三层双层电容器和类似的储存电力的源的国际研讨会”Florida，1993)。
在这种情况下，在电容器放电过程中，两个电极的电位按相反方向变动。因此，电容器的电压以两倍于每个电极上的电位的速度下降。如果电极具有相等的电容器，则电容器的电容量约为两个电极电容量的一半。
从技术本质上看与建议的解决方案最接近的是具有双电层的电容器，它含有两个电极，其中之一即极化的那个是由碳材料制成的，而另一个的活化材料含有氢氧化镍，它们的引线和液态电解质(WO97/07518，Int.Cl.H01G9/04，1995)。
同时用作正和负电极的电流引线的最优选的结构材料是镍。
但是，由这样的电容器产生的电力对于像电动车电源这样的用户来说是太小了。
发明概要
本发明所要解决的问题是提供一种具有双电层的新电容器，它允许因引线结构而积聚大量存储的能量。
在建议的结构中，这种技术成果是通过建造一种具有双电层的电容器而实现的，它包括两个电极，其中之一是可极化电极，是由碳材料制成的，而另一电极的活性材料含有氢氧化镍，它们的引线和液态电解质，其中按照本发明，可极化电极的引线表面是由能耐受电解质媒质的金属或碳制成的。
本发明的特征在于可极化电极的引线完全是由能耐受电解质媒质的金属，例如由铜制成的。
利用铜作为负电极的引线材料允许增加电容器的工作电压。在这种情况下，和镍相比，由于增加了在铜上的对氢的过度抽取而提高了分解碱性电解质的电压。这样做时，工作电压的窗口是0.8到1.6V。
工作电压的增加允许明显地提高电容器的比能量。
为了降低制作成本，可极化电极的引线提供有例如由镍制成的内层。
镍在宽阔的电位范围内对碱性媒质是比较耐腐蚀的，因此，镀层连续性的条件并不是必需的。和贵金属相比镍也是相对廉价的。
本发明的特征还在于可极化电极的引线表面是由银或金制成的。在这种情况下镀层的厚度为0.1到0.2μm。
这允许将电容器的工作电压窗口扩展到高达0.3-1.6V。
仅在引线表面使用昂贵金属的镀层使得建造成本明显地较为低廉。
在专利检索中，没有发现与所提解决方案相同的权利要求，因此本发明满足“新颖性”的准则。
本发明的本质并不因循明显地已知解决方案，因此本发明满足“创造性”的准则。
附图说明
建议的双电层电容器的本质由下面的说明和例子以及附图来解释，其中：
图1从原理上表明电容器的结构；
图2是说明根据所建议的双电层电容器组成的模块的图示。
本发明优选实施例
带有双电层的电容器包括两个电极，其中之一即可极化电极1是由碳材料制成的，而另一电极2的活性材料中含有氢氧化镍，它们的引线3、4，以及液态电解质5。可极化电极1的引线3的表面6是用可耐受电解质媒质的金属或用碳制成的。它可以是银、铜、金。
可极化电极1的引线3可以具有用例如镍制成的内部层7。
可极化电极1的引线3也可以完全用作耐受电解质媒质的金属制成。
本发明用下面的实现双电层电容器的典型例子来说明。
例1
双电层电容器包括两个电极，其中之一是可极化的负电极1。它可以用厚度为0.35mm及比表面积为900-2000m/g的碳片来制造。引线3位于碳片之间，它可以用厚度为0.05mm的多孔(perforated)镍箔来制造。引线3也可以用铜、银来制造，或者它的材料可以是镀金或银的镍。
使用这样的材料来制造引线比起具有镍箔引线的电容器电压来，可以明显地增加电容器的工作电压。由此，有可能增加电容器的比能量。
此外，电容器还包括非极化电极2，它可以包含氢氧化镍作为活性材料。燃烧过的镍可以用作为传导电流的基础以支持活性材料。
在放电过程中，充了电的氢氧化镍(NiOOH)接受电子并转移成低价状态(NiOH)2。由氢氧化镍构成的电极2的厚度可以是0.35mm，它的比容量可以是0.4Ah/cm3。
在其中进行反应的电解质可以是氢氧化钾的水溶液，其浓度为6mole/l。在电极1和2之间的分隔片8可以用0.2mm厚度的尼龙片制成。
为了提供所需的单元电容量，电极可以装在气密的容器内，其尺寸为50×24×11mm。
例2
和例1不同0.5mm厚的可极化电极是用带有粘结剂的碳粉制成的。粉的比表面积为1000-1200m/g。
引线是用0.05mm厚的多孔铜箔制成的。单元上有一个阀以释放过大的压力，其工作范围为0.3-1.0atm。
例3
与例1不同，可极化电极1是1.0mm厚，用带粘结剂的碳粉制成。粉的比表面积为1000-1200m/g。
引线是用0.05mm的厚镀银镍箔制成的(镀层为0.5mm厚)。
含有氢氧化镍的第二电极含有镀镍的聚合物毡作为电流传导的基础和活性材料的载体。电极厚度为0.5mm。单元具有阀以释放过高的压力，其工作范围为0.3-1.0大气压。
例4
与例1和3不同，引线是用0.05mm厚的镀金镍箔制成的(镀层厚0.5mm)。
例5
与例1和4不同，引线是用0.05mm厚度的镍箔制成的，由高温热解镀碳(镀层厚0.7mm)。
给出的各例子的双电层电容器的电特性示于表中(根据计算的原型参数)。
表
| 例子号 | 最大电压(V) | 内部电阻(Ω) | 能量J/cm3 |
| 1 | 1.4 | 0.0017 | 45 |
| 2 | 1.7 | 0.0016 | 130 |
| 3 | 1.7 | 0.0025 | 133 |
| 4 | 1.7 | 0.0025 | 133 |
| 5 | 1.8 | 0.03 | 150 |
| 6原型 | 1.25 | - | 4 |
工业可应用性
模块8可以用所建议的双电层电容器来组合而成(见图2)。可能的模块的电路包括由三个串联连接的建议的电容器。每一单元包括约100个串联连接的双电层电容器。
例如，模块可以包括按照实施例的第一例子的电容器。
模块可以用于各种系统，例如备用电源的系统和不间断电源的系统。
建议的双电层电容器比常规的电容器能存储多得多的能量。这从表上所列出的结果可以得到。
Claims (6)
1.一种具有双电层的电容器，该电容器包括：两个电极，其中之一(1)即可极化电极是由碳材料制成的，而另一电极(2)的活性材料含有氢氧化镍，它们的引线(3，4)以及液态电解质(5)，其特征在于可极化电极(1)的引线(3)的表面(6)是由能耐受电解质媒质的金属或由碳制成的。
2.按照权利要求1的带双电层的电容器，其特征在于可极化电极(1)的引线(3)的表面(6)是由银制成的。
3.按照权利要求1、2中任何一项的带双电层的电容器，其特征在于可极化电极(1)的引线(3)的表面(6)是由铜制成的。
4.按照权利要求1-3中任何一项的带双电层的电容器，其特征在于可极化电极(1)的引线(3)的表面是由金制成的。
5.按照权利要求1-4中任何一项的带双电层的电容器，其特征在于可极化电极(1)的引线(3)的表面(6)具有例如由镍制成的内层(7)。
6.按照权利要求1-5中任何一项的带双电层的电容器，其特征在于可极化电极(1)的引线(3)完全是由能耐受电解质媒质的金属制成的。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/232,712 US6181546B1 (en) | 1999-01-19 | 1999-01-19 | Double layer capacitor |
| US09/232,712 | 1999-01-19 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1348596A true CN1348596A (zh) | 2002-05-08 |
| CN100343930C CN100343930C (zh) | 2007-10-17 |
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| CNB998157341A Expired - Fee Related CN100343930C (zh) | 1999-01-19 | 1999-08-03 | 带双电层的电容器 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6181546B1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1154448B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2003526899A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN100343930C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE492896T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU1087600A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2371982A1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69943061D1 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK1154448T3 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2361355T3 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2000044009A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999024995A1 (en) * | 1997-11-05 | 1999-05-20 | Danionics A/S | Double layer capacitor and its manufacturing method |
| US8107223B2 (en) * | 1999-06-11 | 2012-01-31 | U.S. Nanocorp, Inc. | Asymmetric electrochemical supercapacitor and method of manufacture thereof |
| RU2338286C2 (ru) * | 2002-03-26 | 2008-11-10 | Сергей Николаевич Разумов | Электрохимический конденсатор |
| CA2380954A1 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2003-10-08 | Powergenix Systems, Inc. | Supercapacitor device with extended capability |
| TW200735443A (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2007-09-16 | Apogee Power Inc | Compound battery set |
| US8644003B2 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2014-02-04 | National University Corporation, Tokyo University Of Agriculture And Technology | Electrolytic capacitor element and process for producing the same |
| EP1894216B1 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2013-03-20 | Universal Supercapacitors Llc. | Electrode and current collector for electrochemical capacitor having double electric layer and double electric layer electrochemical capacitor formed therewith |
| CA2612636C (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2013-10-15 | Samvel Avakovich Kazaryan | Heterogeneous electrochemical supercapacitor and method of manufacture |
| JP2008544544A (ja) * | 2005-06-24 | 2008-12-04 | ユニバーサル・スーパーキャパシターズ・エルエルシー | 電気二重層電気化学キャパシタの集電体及び該集電体の製造方法 |
| US7480130B2 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2009-01-20 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor |
| US7511943B2 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2009-03-31 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor containing a cathode coating |
| EP2100316A4 (en) | 2006-11-27 | 2015-02-18 | Universal Supercapacitors Llc | ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS WITH HIGH-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS |
| US7460356B2 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-12-02 | Avx Corporation | Neutral electrolyte for a wet electrolytic capacitor |
| US7649730B2 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2010-01-19 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor containing a plurality of thin powder-formed anodes |
| US7554792B2 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2009-06-30 | Avx Corporation | Cathode coating for a wet electrolytic capacitor |
| KR101064299B1 (ko) * | 2008-11-17 | 2011-09-14 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 전기화학적 수퍼캐패시터용 니켈-망간 이성분계 복합 전극재료 및 이의 제조방법 |
| US8223473B2 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2012-07-17 | Avx Corporation | Electrolytic capacitor containing a liquid electrolyte |
| US8345406B2 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2013-01-01 | Avx Corporation | Electric double layer capacitor |
| US8675321B2 (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2014-03-18 | Darby Group Inc. | Start test electronic device and system and method of use thereof |
| US8134333B2 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-03-13 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Battery and ultracapacitor device and method of use |
| RU2695773C1 (ru) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-07-26 | Игорь Николаевич Варакин | Твердотельный электрохимический конденсатор |
| CN112802689B (zh) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-08-16 | 重庆大学 | 多孔活性炭与α-Ni(OH)2纳米复合材料及其制备方法 |
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| US3691433A (en) | 1970-09-14 | 1972-09-12 | Syncro Corp | Alloyed metal oxide capacitor |
| JPS5913709B2 (ja) * | 1977-04-14 | 1984-03-31 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 可逆性銅電極 |
| US4313084A (en) | 1978-03-27 | 1982-01-26 | Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. | Laminated structure of double-layer capacitor |
| DE3210420A1 (de) | 1982-03-22 | 1983-09-22 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Elektrochemischer doppelschichtkondensator |
| US4713731A (en) | 1982-05-03 | 1987-12-15 | Standard Oil Company | Double layer capacitor |
| CA1190595A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1985-07-16 | Donald L. Boos | Double layer energy storage device |
| EP0112923B1 (en) | 1982-06-30 | 1990-09-19 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Double electric layer capacitor |
| US4523255A (en) | 1983-09-19 | 1985-06-11 | Sprague Electric Company | Cathode for an electrolytic capacitor |
| US4626964A (en) | 1984-03-19 | 1986-12-02 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | Electrical double layer capacitor and production of the same |
| US4737889A (en) * | 1984-07-17 | 1988-04-12 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Polarizable electrode body and method for its making |
| JPH0658864B2 (ja) * | 1984-12-25 | 1994-08-03 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 電気二重層コンデンサ |
| JPS62105412A (ja) | 1985-11-01 | 1987-05-15 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 電気二重層コンデンサ |
| US4683516A (en) | 1986-08-08 | 1987-07-28 | Kennecott Corporation | Extended life capacitor and method |
| JPS63179510A (ja) | 1987-01-21 | 1988-07-23 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 電気二重層コンデンサ |
| JPH01136325A (ja) * | 1987-11-24 | 1989-05-29 | Seiko Electronic Components Ltd | 電気二重層キャパシタ |
| RU2063085C1 (ru) * | 1993-01-11 | 1996-06-27 | Акционерное общество "Элит" | Конденсатор с двойным электрическим слоем |
| ES2141374T3 (es) * | 1995-08-14 | 2000-03-16 | Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Zakryt | Condensador con doble capa electrica. |
| US5541019A (en) | 1995-11-06 | 1996-07-30 | Motorola, Inc. | Metal hydride electrochemical cell having a polymer electrolyte |
| JP2947215B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-28 | 1999-09-13 | 日本電気株式会社 | 電気二重層コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
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1999
- 1999-01-19 US US09/232,712 patent/US6181546B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-03 CA CA002371982A patent/CA2371982A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-08-03 CN CNB998157341A patent/CN100343930C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-08-03 AU AU10876/00A patent/AU1087600A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-08-03 ES ES99954556T patent/ES2361355T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-03 JP JP2000595353A patent/JP2003526899A/ja active Pending
- 1999-08-03 DE DE69943061T patent/DE69943061D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-03 AT AT99954556T patent/ATE492896T1/de active
- 1999-08-03 WO PCT/RU1999/000270 patent/WO2000044009A1/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-08-03 DK DK99954556.9T patent/DK1154448T3/da active
- 1999-08-03 EP EP99954556A patent/EP1154448B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2003526899A (ja) | 2003-09-09 |
| CA2371982A1 (en) | 2000-07-27 |
| WO2000044009A1 (fr) | 2000-07-27 |
| ES2361355T3 (es) | 2011-06-16 |
| DK1154448T3 (da) | 2011-03-28 |
| EP1154448B1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
| AU1087600A (en) | 2000-08-07 |
| CN100343930C (zh) | 2007-10-17 |
| DE69943061D1 (de) | 2011-02-03 |
| US6181546B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 |
| EP1154448A4 (en) | 2005-02-09 |
| ATE492896T1 (de) | 2011-01-15 |
| EP1154448A1 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
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