CN1345626A - 聚丙烯酸/聚砜反渗透复合膜的制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于反渗透膜,尤其是用于分离低浓度机物水溶液的复合膜制法。高分子复合膜的使用,现有技术中聚丙烯酸是优良的渗透汽化膜材料,但功能上存在缺陷,导致分离功能下降,本发明提供一种聚丙烯酸/聚砜反渗透复合膜的制法,采用加入添加剂和交联剂控制膜在水中的溶胀,从而提高膜的分离性能。
Description
本发明属于反渗透复合膜的制法,尤其是用于分离低浓度有机物水溶液的反渗透复合膜的制法。反渗透复合膜和反渗透分离技术,由于过程无相变,能耗低,无污染,可常温操作等优点,广泛的用于海水和天然盐水的淡化,纯水和超纯水的制备等方面,随着反渗透技术的发展,反渗透分离有机物尤其是分离低浓度水溶液的技术也引起人们的关注,初始的工作,集中在醋酸纤维素膜上,但这种膜对低浓度有机物水溶液的分离,截留率还达不到实用的要求。高分子复合膜的出现,使反渗透分离技术在各种应用领域,发挥出更大的作用。
聚丙烯酸是一种优良的制备渗透汽化膜材料,在高浓度的醇/水混合液分离领域显示出良好的选择分离性能,但在低浓度有机物水溶液中,聚丙烯酸膜容易在水中高度溶胀导致分离性能下降。本发明提供一种用于分离低浓度有机物水溶液的聚丙烯酸/聚砜反渗透复合膜及制法,该膜由无纺布支撑体,聚砜底膜和交联的聚丙烯酸表层共同组成,膜的制法采用硝酸铝添加剂,和二异氰酸酯交联剂,控制膜在水中的溶胀,具体包括如下过程:1),聚砜底膜的制备:聚砜溶解在有机溶剂中,配成高聚物水溶液,在无纺布上刮膜,冰水中凝胶成膜,经水洗,萃取剂浸泡后,真空干燥;2),交联复合膜的制备:聚丙烯酸溶于水中,配成水溶液,并加入乙二醇和含量为铸膜液的0.3%~0.7%添加剂硝酸铝,浸涂法在聚砜底膜上制成致密膜,室温干燥,然后用0.5%~2%的交联剂二异氰酸酯正己烷溶液,在聚丙烯酸膜表面进行交联,在交联剂中的浸泡时间为2~5分钟;3),复合膜的热处理:将交联后的聚丙烯酸/聚砜复合膜,放入恒温箱中,热处理温度为100~150℃,反应成型。
本发明提供的制膜方法,由于较好的控制了膜的溶胀从而也就使制出的复合膜有较好的分离性能。
实施例1:将聚砜溶解于二甲基甲酰胺中配制成高聚物溶液,在聚酯无纺布上流延成膜,冰水浸泡后再用萃取剂浸泡以脱除剩余的溶剂,真空干燥。将聚丙烯酸溶解于水中配制成水溶液,并加入乙二醇及硝酸铝[Al(NO3)3],硝酸铝的含量为0.3%。用浸涂法在聚砜底膜上成膜,室温干燥,然后将膜浸泡在0.5%的二异氰酸脂(toluene-2,4-diisocyanate)的正己烷溶液中进行交联2分钟,最后放入恒温烘箱中,在100℃下加热处理。
实施例2:将聚砜溶解于二甲基亚砜中配制成高聚物溶液,在聚酯无纺布上流延成膜,冰水浸泡后再用萃取剂浸泡以脱除剩余的溶剂,真空干燥。将聚丙烯酸溶解于水中配制成水溶液,并加入乙二醇及硝酸铝[Al(NO3)3],硝酸铝的含量为0.5%。用浸涂法在聚砜底膜上成膜,室温干燥,然后将膜浸泡在1%的二异氰酸酯(toluene-2,4-diisocyanate)的正己烷溶液中进行交联3分钟,最后放入恒温烘箱中,在120℃下加热处理。
实施例3:将聚砜溶解于二甲基乙酰胺中配制成高聚物溶液,在聚酯无纺布上流延成膜,冰水浸泡后再用萃取剂浸泡以脱除剩余的溶剂,真空干燥。将聚丙烯酸溶解于水中配制成水溶液,并加入乙二醇及硝酸铝[Al(NO3)3],硝酸铝的含量为0.7%。用浸涂法在聚砜底膜上成膜,室温干燥,然后将膜浸泡在2%的二异氰酸酯(toluene-2,4-diisocyanate)的正己烷溶液中进行交联5分钟,最后放入恒温烘箱中,在150℃下加热处理。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于低浓度有机物水溶液分离的聚丙烯酸/聚砜复合膜的制法,其特征在于加入添加剂硝酸铝和二异氰酸酯交联剂,具体过程包括如下:
1).聚砜底膜的制备:
聚砜溶解在有机溶剂中配成高聚物溶液,在无纺布上刮膜,冰水中凝胶成膜,水洗,萃取剂浸泡后,真空干燥;
2).交联复合膜的制备:
聚丙烯酸配成水溶液,加入乙二醇和添加剂硝酸铝,用浸涂法在聚砜底膜上制成致密膜,室温干燥,然后用二异氰酸酯交联剂在膜的表面进行交联,浸泡时间为25分钟;
3).复合膜的热处理:
将交联后的聚丙烯酸/聚砜复合膜放入恒温烘箱中,热处理温度为100~150℃,反应成型。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的方法,其特征在于添加剂硝酸铝的含量为铸膜液的0.3%~0.7%。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的方法,其特征在于所述的交联剂二异氰酸酯正己烷溶液浓度为0.5%~2%。
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100431676C (zh) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-11-12 | 浙江工商大学 | 聚丙烯酸/醋酸纤维素复合膜的制备工艺 |
CN101879416A (zh) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-11-10 | 浙江大学 | 一种纤维素复合纳滤膜的制备方法 |
CN110252152A (zh) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-09-20 | 合肥学院 | 一种具有较高渗透通量的柔性有机溶剂反渗透膜、制备方法及应用 |
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CN102380318A (zh) * | 2011-09-09 | 2012-03-21 | 贵阳时代沃顿科技有限公司 | 具有高效脱硼率的反渗透膜及其制作方法 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100431676C (zh) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-11-12 | 浙江工商大学 | 聚丙烯酸/醋酸纤维素复合膜的制备工艺 |
CN101879416A (zh) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-11-10 | 浙江大学 | 一种纤维素复合纳滤膜的制备方法 |
CN110252152A (zh) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-09-20 | 合肥学院 | 一种具有较高渗透通量的柔性有机溶剂反渗透膜、制备方法及应用 |
CN110252152B (zh) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-05-25 | 合肥学院 | 一种具有较高渗透通量的柔性有机溶剂反渗透膜、制备方法及应用 |
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