CN1340699A - Device for regulating parallelism between emitting and receiving optical axes of multi-wavelength laser radar - Google Patents
Device for regulating parallelism between emitting and receiving optical axes of multi-wavelength laser radar Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A regulator for regulating the parallelism between emitting and receiving optical axes of multi-wavelength laser radar for probing ozone in atmosphere and aerosol in stratosphere is composed of semiconductor laser, excimer laser, several emitting telescopes, He-Ne laser, YAG laser, out-going vertical enoscope, isosceles prism, receiving primary and secondary lenses, receiving commutation enoscope, visual-field optical barrier, quasi-optical lens, optical axis regulating enoscope, light gathering lens, CCD probe monitor and movable light splitting system. Its advantages are simple structure, high precision and easy operation.
Description
The present invention relates to atmospheric pollution detection technique field, especially, a kind of Laser emission and reception parallel adjusting gear of optical axis and method of adjustment that is used for atmospheric sounding ozone and the aerocolloidal multi-wavelength laser radar of stratosphere.
Fig. 1 is the General Principle block scheme of laser radar.Common laser radar is by emission coefficient, control system, and input and disposal system and receiving system are formed.
Described laser transmitting system comprises laser instrument, transmitter-telescope etc.Wherein, transmitter-telescope is used for improving the Laser emission signal.Laser when transmitting, is subjected to the decay and the scattering of atmospheric medium through transmitter-telescope directive atmosphere in atmosphere.Backscatter signal wherein turns back to laser radar.The laser radar receiving system comprises parts such as receiving telescope, opto-electronic conversion and amplification.The laser light scattering signal that turns back to laser radar is received telescope and collects, and through links such as opto-electronic conversion amplifications, again by input and disposal system analysis and processing, obtains our needed atmospheric parameter and procedural information.Control system is synchronous and level, the pitch rotation etc. of the emission and the reception of control laser.
Survey ozone and stratospheric aerosol multi-wavelength laser radar and be a kind of laser radar with the high power laser emissive ability and heavy caliber (D=1m aperture) receiving telescope, multi-wavelength (from ultraviolet to infrared), its detectivity is very strong, is the laser radar of present China bore maximum.
Fig. 2 is a functional-block diagram of surveying ozone and stratospheric aerosol multi-wavelength laser radar.Among the figure, described wavelength laser radar comprises: receiving telescope (1), light hurdle motor (2), smallcolumn diaphragm (3), optical gate blade (4), light hurdle motor (5), quasi-optical mirror (6), 308nm light path (7), 355nm light path (8), 1060nm light path (9), 532nm light path (10), polarizing prism (11), 532nm horizontal polarization (12), 532nm vertical polarization (13), 355nm transmitter-telescope (14), 532nm transmitter-telescope (15), 308nm transmitter-telescope (16), 1060nm transmitter-telescope (17).
Described multi-wavelength laser radar has two high power lasers, and wherein the laser of three wavelength of Nd-YAG laser instrument output is respectively 1060nm, 532nm and 355nm; The XeCl laser output wavelength is 308nm.These laser expand bundle and compression angle of divergence directive atmosphere through transmitter-telescope, and receiving telescope is that a bore is Cassegrain's formula telescope of 1 meter, and focus is pulled out by the side commentaries on classics, and an adjustable field stop is arranged at the focus place.The place is provided with optical gate in perifocus, reduces the switch transit time of optical gate.The different wavelength of laser echo information that beam splitting system is collected laser radar is separated, and etc. on the photosurface of photoelectric commutator.Wherein 308nm, 355nm are ultraviolet band, adopt Detection of Weak Signals technology (photon counting technique) to detect, and 532nm, 1060nm adopt the simulating signal reception technique, and convert digital signal to by high-speed a/d and enter computing machine and carry out signal Processing.532nm has three passages to receive, and wherein has two passages to be used for the detection laser atmosphere polarization information.
Control section comprises optical gate control, laser triggering control, received signal synchro control, telescope focusing control, receives field angle control (change field stop), optical filter selection control and the parallel adjustment of optical axis.
Fig. 3 is the general structure synoptic diagram of laser radar of the present invention.Among the figure, principal computer (1), Laser Power Devices (2), laser instrument (3), optical table (4), transmitter-telescope (5), adjust mirror (6), optical table (7), monitor (8), top floor (9), observation dome (10), receiving telescope (11), optical table (12), beam split and receiving system (13), control rack (14), optical gate (15).
Wherein, it is to guarantee that laser radar receives the important technology index of information correctness that the Laser emission optical axis of laser radar receives the parallel of optical axis with the atmosphere echoed signal, it also is a technical work of more complicated during light path is adjusted, if adjustment is bad, can influence the detectivity of laser radar and the correctness of result of detection greatly.
Existing adjustment technology has following several method:
A. directional light imaging method
The application that this method is general is a Compact Laser Radar.It adopts specialized equipment (as parallel light tube) to adjust, and the bore that its basic demand is exactly a parallel light tube is greater than emission and the wheelbase that receives optical axis.This almost is impossible for large-scale laser radar.
B. fixed star imaging method
The employing fixed star imaging method that large-scale laser radar has is carried out the parallel adjustment of optical axis.The basic demand of this method is that laser radar can rotate, and can aim at or follow the tracks of fixed star.
C. laser target shooting method
This method has two kinds, and wherein a kind of laser radar that also requires can rotate, and such as laser radar is placed horizontality, the emission laser of laser radar can be got on the reflecting target at a distance.Another kind is in Laser emission or receiving light path, and a fluorescence target surface is set, and adopts the laser instrument of laser radar itself to practice shooting, and detects with the CCD shooting again.
Above-mentioned several method of adjustment is more complicated all, and exists following problem:
A. to structural design, requirement on machining accuracy height, during adjustment, the linkage of system is very strong, and each link influences each other, and therefore needs to adjust repeatedly to and fro.
B. visual poor.The light of reference light source is very faint during adjustment, and as the fixed star imaging method, the light source moment that has just disappears, as shooting method (laser of laser radar is pulsed light, the longest also have only tens nanoseconds).
C. poor operability, particularly to the large laser radar, adjustment cycle is long, and needs multi agent cooperation.
D. price of complete machine is higher, is the precision that guarantees that optics is adjusted, and the complete machine structure accuracy requirement is higher, as level, pitching steering mechanism.
Because above problem, thus after in a single day the laser radar optical axis is adjusted, must be fixing at once, can not arbitrarily change the arbitrary link in the light path design again, as the increase and decrease receiving cable etc., otherwise can not guarantee Laser emission and receive the collimation of optical axis.
Therefore, the objective of the invention is to, designed parallel adjusting gear of a kind of novel optical axis and method, this device can adopt adjustment LASER Light Source visible, continuous and collimation, and is therefore visual strong, simple in structure, the precision height is adjusted in operation easily, and stability might as well.
Fig. 1 represents the schematic block diagram of general laser radar principle of work;
Fig. 2 represents to be used for the block diagram of the principle of work of atmospheric sounding ozone and stratospheric aerosol multi-wavelength laser radar;
Fig. 3 represents to be used for the general structure synoptic diagram of atmospheric sounding ozone and stratospheric aerosol multi-wavelength laser radar;
Fig. 4 represents to be used for the synoptic diagram of the parallel adjusting gear of optical axis of multi-wavelength laser radar of the present invention;
The Laser emission and reception light that the present invention are used for multi-wavelength laser radar below in conjunction with accompanying drawing The parallel adjusting device of axle and method of adjustment are described in detail.
The parallel adjusting gear of the optical axis of multi-wavelength laser radar shown in Figure 4, comprising: semiconductor laser (1), excimer laser (2), 308nm transmitter-telescope (3), helium-neon laser (6), YAG laser instrument (7), 1060nm, 532nm, 355nm transmitter-telescope (6), outgoing vertical refraction mirror, totally 4 (7), isosceles prism (8) receives primary mirror (9), receives secondary mirror (10), reception turns to enocscope (11), field stop (12), quasi-optical mirror (13), the movably parallel adjustment enocscope of optical axis (14), condenser (15), CCD pops one's head in (16), monitor (17), beam splitting system (be used for the multichannel photoelectricity of multi-wavelength and receive conversion atmosphere echoed signal) (18).Wherein, adjustment light source (semiconductor laser) (1) effect 1. visible, continuous, collimation: when (1) adjusts laser instrument and each optical element of laser radar, be used for collimation and point to
With the location indication.
(2) Nd-YAG laser or the XeCl excimer laser in the alternative laser radar
Adjust radar emission and receive the parallel 2.XeCl excimer laser of diaxon (2)
The XeCl laser output wavelength is a 308m laser.3. transmitter-telescope (308nm) (3)
Be used for laser is expanded bundle, and compression and improve laser beam divergence.4. adjustment light source (He-Ne laser) (4) effect visible, continuous, collimation: when (1) adjusts laser instrument and each optical element of laser radar, be used for collimation and point to
With the location indication.
(2) Nd-YAG laser or the XeCl excimer laser in the alternative laser radar
Adjust radar emission and receive the parallel 5.YAG laser instrument of diaxon (5), output wavelength is 1060nm, 532nm, 355nm.6. transmitter-telescope (being used for 1060nm, 532nm, 355nm) (6)
Be used for laser is expanded bundle, and compression and improve laser beam divergence.7. outgoing vertical refraction mirror (7)
At least have the adjustment function of level, two degree of freedom of pitching corner, it has two kinds of effects, and the one, turn to, the 2nd, it is parallel to adjust optical axis.8. isosceles prism (DI-0 °) (8)
The light that the adjustment light source of launching light path is sent imports receiving light path, and the adjustment and the location of each optical element of the full light path of realization laser radar itself comprise the parallel adjustment of optical axis simultaneously.9. receiving telescope primary mirror (9)
The receiving antenna of laser radar receives and assembles the atmosphere echo optical signal.10. receiving telescope secondary mirror (acting on identical with 6) (10) 11. receives and turns to enocscope (11)
Main optical path turns to.12. field stop (12)
Be positioned at the focus place that receives primary mirror, diaphragm can limit and receive field angle and from the parasitic light of the outer different directions of main optical path.13. quasi-optical mirror (13)
The main optical path light beam is become parallel beam, form the reference beam of beam splitting system.14. the parallel adjustment enocscope of optical axis (14) movably
Be used for light path when transferring diaxon and turn to, during radar observation, this mirror is withdrawn from outside the light path.15. condenser (15)
Equate with quasi-optical mirror focal length, be used for focus the reduction of the parallel beam behind quasi-optical mirror receiving telescope.16.CCD probe (16)
Be placed on the focus of condenser, be used to detect the parallel error of optical axis.17. being used for the parallel error of optical axis, monitor (17) shows.18. beam splitting system (18)
Laser emission of the present invention with the ultimate principle that receives the parallel method of adjustment of optical axis is, behind the laser instrument of Laser emission part, set up a laser-assisted, it is only continuous that this laser instrument is launched, visible, as helium-neon laser, high power semiconductor lasers etc., and make in this laser-assisted emitted laser and the laser radar Nd-YAG laser instrument and XeCl quasi-molecule laser emitted laser coaxial, and replace Nd-YAG laser or replace the XeCl excimer laser with He-Ne laser respectively with semiconductor laser, through the emission of outgoing vertical refraction mirror, receive (the high-precision grinding of this platform process of primary mirror platform by being placed on, flat surface is vertical with the primary mirror central optical axis) on isosceles prism (DI-0 °) to receiving primary mirror, secondary mirror, 45 ° of catoptrons, the focus place imaging of through receiving system, picture point is passed through quasi-optical mirror again, rotating catoptron, condenser, (CCD receiver set-point is the conjugation that is placed on the receiving telescope focus when adjusting receiving system in advance) can see picture point by display on the arrival CCD receiver photosurface, overlap as position, just prove that two optical axis adjusted are good with former reception optical axis.
The adjustment precision of above-mentioned adjustment depends on the precision (systematic error) of isosceles prism (DI-0 °) to a great extent.This method has solved foregoing complicated technology problem, make the parallel adjustment of optical axis become simply, quick, and it is because visual strong, adjustment and location to other optical element after the receiving light path focus also become very convenient, greatly reduce the complexity of complete machine structure, reduced the complete machine development cost.
Concrete technical scheme and embodiment:
Detection ozone and stratospheric aerosol multi-wavelength laser radar are one and have laser radar heavy caliber (D=1m) receiving telescope, multi-station laser emission and that the multi-wavelength hyperchannel receives, its receiving telescope has 3 tons, the receiving light path vertical fixing, the parallel adjusting gear of this novel optical axis as shown in Figure 4.The effect of each several part components and parts as previously mentioned.
On the primary mirror physical construction of receiving telescope, processed a reference field platform in advance for the parallel adjustment of optical axis, the accuracy requirement of this face is very high, and is when receiving the telescopic system adjustment, that the optical axis that receives telescopic system is vertical with this reference field.
Behind emitting laser, be provided with one respectively helium-neon laser or semiconductor laser continuous, visible light output are arranged, one 45 ° reflections are set before each transmitter-telescope adjust mirror and adjustment rack, adjustment rack will have the adjusting mechanism of pitching and two angles of level at least.
Isosceles prism (DI-0 ° can guarantee that incident light and emergent light have high-precision parallel) is a stripe shape isosceles prism that can transmit and receive leaded light, and length has 380mm.
In the light path of collimating mirror back, be provided with one movably, the plane mirror that reseting precision is very high, and in its reflected light path, be provided with one with collimating mirror with the condenser of focal length, form one with the focus that receives the telescopic system conjugation, at this focus place a CCD photography receiver is set, this CCD photography receiver does not need camera lens.
At the first timing of receiving telescope, use another helium-neon laser to adjust it and receive telescopic system, and adjust the position of CCD, the receiving light path focus is presented on the fluoroscopic middle position at the reflection on the monitor, fixation of C CD receiver, and on monitor screen, stay mark with marking pen.
The operation of the parallel adjustment of optical axis is as shown in Figure 4:
Here be example with YAG laser instrument output laser (wavelength 355nm), narrate its ozone laser radar emission coefficient and the parallel method of adjustment of receiving system two optical axises, the method for the parallel adjustment of optical axis of other wavelength is identical.
1. adjust laser-assisted-helium-neon laser, make the operation material-YAG laser crystal bar of the laser penetration YAG laser instrument that helium-neon laser sends, make helium-neon laser and YAG laser coaxial
2. receiving the isosceles prism (DI-0 °) of placing a high precision strip on the primary mirror platform, and He-Ne Lasers is being imported receiving optics.
3. push the movably parallel adjustment enocscope of optical axis, open the CCD plug-in power pack, open monitor, helium-neon laser is focused on the photosurface of CCD probe, monitor demonstrates the picture of He-Ne Lasers
4. adjust the outgoing vertical refraction mirror of 355nm wavelength, the picture that He-Ne Lasers is shown on monitor overlaps with the picture (mark) of former main optical path focus.
5. remove and be placed on the stripe shape isosceles prism (DI-0 °) that receives on the primary mirror platform, and movably the parallel adjustment enocscope of optical axis is removed from the beam split light path, turns off CCD, monitor, power source for helium-neon laser.Adjust and finish.
This method is very quick, and has laid technical foundation for the robotization of the parallel adjustment of optical axis from now on.Owing to adopted laser-assisted, its visuality is very strong, and after removing rotating enocscope, the adjustment of beam split light path and change very convenient, the safety that becomes also makes the physical construction of complete machine become simply.
Claims (3)
1. a Laser emission that is used for atmospheric sounding ozone and the aerocolloidal multi-wavelength laser radar of stratosphere and receive the parallel adjusting gear of optical axis, it is characterized in that, described device comprises: semiconductor laser (1), excimer laser (2), 308nm transmitter-telescope (3), helium-neon laser (6), YAG laser instrument (7), 1060nm, 532nm, 355nm transmitter-telescope (6), outgoing vertical refraction mirror, totally 4 (7), isosceles prism (8) receives primary mirror (9), receive secondary mirror (10), reception turns to enocscope (11), field stop (12), quasi-optical mirror (13), the parallel adjustment enocscope of optical axis (14) movably, condenser (15), CCD pops one's head in (16), monitor (17) and beam splitting system (be used for the multichannel photoelectricity of multi-wavelength and receive conversion atmosphere echoed signal) (18).
2. the Laser emission and the characterization method that receives the parallel adjusting gear of optical axis that is used for atmospheric sounding ozone and the aerocolloidal multi-wavelength laser radar of stratosphere as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described method is:
Behind the laser instrument of Laser emission part, set up a laser-assisted, it is only continuous that this laser instrument is launched, visible, as helium-neon laser, high power semiconductor lasers etc., and make in this laser-assisted emitted laser and the laser radar Nd-YAG laser instrument and XeCl quasi-molecule laser emitted laser coaxial, and replace Nd-YAG laser or replace the XeCl excimer laser with He-Ne laser respectively with semiconductor laser, through the emission of outgoing vertical refraction mirror, receive (the high-precision grinding of this platform process of primary mirror platform by being placed on, flat surface is vertical with the primary mirror central optical axis) on isosceles prism (DI-0 °) to receiving primary mirror, secondary mirror, 45 ° of catoptrons, the focus place imaging of through receiving system, picture point is passed through quasi-optical mirror again, rotating catoptron, condenser, (CCD receiver set-point is the conjugation that is placed on the receiving telescope focus when adjusting receiving system in advance) can see picture point by display on the arrival CCD receiver photosurface, overlap as position, just prove that two optical axis adjusted are good with former reception optical axis.
3. the Laser emission and the characterization method that receives the parallel adjusting gear of optical axis that is used for atmospheric sounding ozone and the aerocolloidal multi-wavelength laser radar of stratosphere as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described method is:
1. adjust laser-assisted-helium-neon laser, make the operation material-YAG laser crystal bar of the laser penetration YAG laser instrument that helium-neon laser sends, make helium-neon laser and YAG laser coaxial
2. receiving the isosceles prism (DI-0 °) of placing a high precision strip on the primary mirror platform, and He-Ne Lasers is being imported receiving optics.
3. push the movably parallel adjustment enocscope of optical axis, open the CCD plug-in power pack, open monitor, helium-neon laser is focused on the photosurface of CCD probe, monitor demonstrates the picture of He-Ne Lasers
4. adjust the outgoing vertical refraction mirror of 355nm wavelength, the picture that He-Ne Lasers is shown on monitor overlaps with the picture (mark) of former main optical path focus
5. remove and be placed on the stripe shape isosceles prism (DI-0 °) that receives on the primary mirror platform, and movably the parallel adjustment enocscope of optical axis is removed from the beam split light path, turns off CCD, monitor, power source for helium-neon laser, adjusts and finishes.
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