CN1338037A - 一种调节蒸汽喷射器的方法 - Google Patents

一种调节蒸汽喷射器的方法 Download PDF

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CN1338037A
CN1338037A CN00803034.0A CN00803034A CN1338037A CN 1338037 A CN1338037 A CN 1338037A CN 00803034 A CN00803034 A CN 00803034A CN 1338037 A CN1338037 A CN 1338037A
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B·帕尔姆
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
    • A23L3/18—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus
    • A23L3/22—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus with transport through tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F04F5/461—Adjustable nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/48—Control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0391—Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0396—Involving pressure control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2559—Self-controlled branched flow systems
    • Y10T137/2564—Plural inflows
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/6416—With heating or cooling of the system
    • Y10T137/6579—Circulating fluid in heat exchange relationship

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种调节蒸汽喷射器(1)的方法,蒸汽喷射器(1)设有蒸汽进口(3)、将要进行热处理的产品的进口(2)以及已热处理好的产品的出口(8)。蒸汽喷射器(1)还设有处于中央的调节心轴(4),同心布置的蒸汽间隙(5)和产品间隙(6)分别环绕所述调节心轴(4)。由于处于中央的调节心轴(4)可作前后往复移动,所述蒸汽间隙(5)和产品间隙(6)的孔能得以调节。调节心轴(4)通过开关装置(9)来调节,所述开关装置(9)由调节器(13)控制,所述调节器(13)记录产品进口(2)处的压力表(10)以及产品出口(8)处的压力表(11)的读数。

Description

一种调节蒸汽喷射器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种调节蒸汽喷射器的方法，所述蒸汽喷射器带有蒸汽进口、待热处理产品进口以及已热处理产品出口。所述蒸汽喷射器还设有同心的蒸汽间隙和产品间隙，由于处于中心的调节心轴能作前后往复移动，所以能对蒸汽间隙和产品间隙进行调节。
背景技术
对牛奶或果汁之类的液态食品进行热处理使之无菌能令该食品在室温存储时保持不变质。这种无菌产品不含有在存储期能繁殖的有害微生物，在分销这种产品时也不需要完备的冷藏链，对于发展中国家，这一点可能是首要的有利因素。
食品进行热处理有不同的方法，可区分为两大类，间接和直接加热方法。间接加热方法由使用不同类型热交换器的处理方法组成，而直接加热方法是利用喷射器中的蒸汽和通过浸渍来加热的处理方法。
如今所有的热处理方法都尽可能地使加热和缓，以免破坏产品的味道，同时该方法必须有效和可靠。直接加热方法对产品的加热要快得多，并能缩短热处理时间。通过这样的方法，对产品的热效应就会总体上减小，对于产品的味道来讲，这种加工方法也和缓得多。
本发明涉及一种适用于喷射器并能对产品进行可靠和有效处理的方法。此处所考虑类型的喷射器在瑞典专利SE 367 121中予以了描述。这种称为环行间隙型的喷射器，设有蒸汽进口和产品进口。产品和蒸汽流经环绕调节心轴的不同的同心间隙并汇聚在一起，从而蒸汽冷凝在产品上。
为了让蒸汽在产品上有效地冷凝，必须在喷射器的范围内保持一个定压差。现有技术的喷射器设置了主手柄来调节喷射器内调节心轴的位置，但使用这种调节方法会由于粗心或技术生疏出现错误，从而导致凝结不完全。还要求有一定的压力降最小值存在，否则就会出现快速超常的压力和温度震荡，从而造成热处理不可靠。另外，在某些国家，权威机构强制性地要求有一定的压力降最小值。
如今可从市面上得到的喷射器大多用可替换的间隔垫圈设置固定的容积。不过，由于不能迅速而简单地调节喷射器的容积，这便成了一个不利之处。从而存在着对能调节喷射器容积的需要，比如说在生产中出现灌装机损坏的情况或转产时，设备又没有作为暂时存储器的无菌容器时。比如说，在设备的灌装机损坏的情况下，目前还不得不将整个设备的过剩产品重复循环，这又会造成产品质量的下降。
发明目的
因此本发明的目的之一是提供一种简单可靠地调节蒸汽喷射器内间隙并同时保持整个喷射器定压差的方法。技术方案
通过使前面导言中所描述的方法具有本发明的特征，即调节心轴由开关装置调节，而该开关装置由产品进口处和产品出口处的压力差控制。本发明实现了前述目的和其他的目的。
根据本发明的方法的一个优选实施例进一步说明了所附的附属权利要求中宣称的特征。
附图简述
下面具体地结合附图对本发明的一个优选实施例进行更为详细的说明。在附图中，
图1为采用本发明方法的喷射器的侧面局部剖视图；
图2为实施本发明方法的流程图。
这些附图只显示了那些对理解本发明非常重要的部件和细节，喷射器在热处理设备中的位置，对于所属领域的专业技术人员来说是公知的，故予以省略。
优选实施例说明
图1显示了称之为环行间隙型的喷射器1，其在瑞典专利SE 367121中有更为详细的说明。该喷射器1设有待热处理产品的进口2和蒸汽进口3。喷射器1还设有置于中央的调节心轴4，该调节心轴4可在喷射器1内作前后往复移动。
产品间隙5和蒸汽间隙6分别环绕调节心轴4，并同心围绕着调节心轴4的前端部7穿出。喷射器1还包括已热处理好的产品的出口8。根据本发明的喷射器1另外设有用来移动调节心轴4的开关装置9。开关装置9可步进或无级地移动调节心轴4。
喷射器1的功用如下：牛奶或果汁之类的产品在压力下通过进口2输入到喷射器1中。加压的蒸汽同样地经进口3进入。产品和蒸汽分别分布在各自间隙5和间隙6中，在间隙5和间隙6交汇的调节心轴4的前端部7，产品和蒸汽相遇，冷凝几乎同时发生。在出口8内，流体速度减小，因此压力上升并使得蒸汽的冷凝完成。
为了调节喷射器1容腔内的压力降，调节心轴4要前移或相应地后缩，由此调节产品间隙5和蒸汽间隙6的开孔。例如，当设备的灌装机损坏而又没有无菌容器这样的暂时储存器时，设备的容量一定要改变，从而必须调节喷射器1。由于能够调节喷射器1，在喷射器1内就保证了最小定压差，从而产品得到了可靠和有效的热处理。
根据本发明的调节喷射器1的方法从图2的流程图中可以看得很清楚。喷射器1带有置于产品进口2处的压力表10和置于产品出口8处的压力表11。为了让出口8处的压力处于一个确定的值，在出口8的后面另外设有常压调节阀12，以便防止产品出口8处发生沸腾和起泡。
压力表10和压力表11检测的压力值由调节器13记录。调节器13为定压差调节器，它比较由产品出口8处的压力表11和产品进口2处的压力表所测压力的差值。调节器13控制开关装置9，开关装置9顺序将调节心轴4在喷射器1内前后移动，所以压力差保持常值。由于不管产品流出现怎样的变化，喷射器1的压力差都保持常值，所以喷射器1可以得到非常稳定的功能。同时，对于那些有强制性要求的国家，也保证了最小的许可压力差。
由于根据本发明方法的蒸汽喷射器的容积可以得到调节，该喷射器就具备稳定的功用。比如说在包括有喷射器的设备出现灌装机损坏的情况时，该方法也可实现简单可靠的调节。

Claims (4)

1.一种调节蒸汽喷射器(1)的方法，所述蒸汽喷射器(1)设有蒸汽进口(3)、将要进行热处理的产品的进口(2)以及已热处理好的产品的出口(8)，所述蒸汽喷射器(1)还包括同心布置的蒸汽间隙(5)和产品间隙(6)，由于处于中央的调节心轴(4)作前后往复移动，所述蒸汽间隙(5)和产品间隙(6)能得以调节，所述方法的特征在于，所述调节心轴(4)通过开关装置(9)来调节，所述开关装置(9)由从产品进口(2)和产品出口(8)处测得的压差值控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述开关装置(9)由调节器(13)控制，所述调节器(13)记录产品进口(2)处的压力表(10)以及产品出口(8)处的压力表(11)的读数。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述调节心轴(4)的移动方式为步进式。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述调节心轴(4)的移动方式为无级式。
CNB008030340A 1999-01-26 2000-01-25 一种调节蒸汽喷射器的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1153039C (zh)

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CN101969782B (zh) * 2008-02-20 2013-06-05 利乐拉瓦尔集团及财务有限公司 可调节蒸汽注射器
CN104226515A (zh) * 2014-06-13 2014-12-24 苏州市金翔钛设备有限公司 引口调节式介质喷射器
CN105179328A (zh) * 2015-08-05 2015-12-23 国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 一种动态自调节蒸汽喷射泵

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CN104226515A (zh) * 2014-06-13 2014-12-24 苏州市金翔钛设备有限公司 引口调节式介质喷射器
CN104226515B (zh) * 2014-06-13 2016-05-25 苏州市金翔钛设备有限公司 引口调节式介质喷射器
CN105179328A (zh) * 2015-08-05 2015-12-23 国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 一种动态自调节蒸汽喷射泵

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AU2469900A (en) 2000-08-18
EP1163482A1 (en) 2001-12-19
EA200100817A1 (ru) 2001-12-24
WO2000045100A1 (en) 2000-08-03
EP1163482B1 (en) 2008-03-12
SE516081C2 (sv) 2001-11-12
BR0007677B1 (pt) 2011-02-22
CN1153039C (zh) 2004-06-09
BR0007677A (pt) 2001-11-06
SE9900218D0 (sv) 1999-01-26
SE9900218L (sv) 2000-07-27
ATE389159T1 (de) 2008-03-15
EA002540B1 (ru) 2002-06-27
ES2300254T3 (es) 2008-06-16
DE60038287T2 (de) 2009-04-30
US6708709B1 (en) 2004-03-23
DE60038287D1 (de) 2008-04-24
DK1163482T3 (da) 2008-05-26

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