CN1336981A - 用来清洁在排气管路内流动的快燃发动机的废气流的方法和装置 - Google Patents
用来清洁在排气管路内流动的快燃发动机的废气流的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用来清洁在排气管路(2)中流动的,尤其是通过直接喷射输入空气/燃料－混合物的快燃发动机(1)的废气流的方法和装置。为了更好地清洁废气在排气管路(2)内依次流过至少一个带有起催化作用的涂层,尤其是三通道－涂层的蜂窝体(3)和一个带有至少有时贮存至少一种有害物质组分,特别是碳氢化合物(HC),一氧化碳(CO)和/或氧化氮(NOx)的涂层的颗粒过滤器。本发明特别适合于快燃发动机(1)的排气装置。其中颗粒过滤器(4)除了其捕获炭黑颗粒的任务外还有利地承担在冷起动期间特别是残余碳氢化合物(HC)以及一氧化碳(CO)的补充氧化作用和在快燃发动机(1)负荷运行时特别是残余氧化氮(NOx)的补充还原作用。
Description
本发明涉及一种用来清洁在排气管路内流动的快燃发动机的废气流的方法和装置，这种发动机尤其是通过直接喷射输入空气/燃料混合物。
在碳氢化合物，例如在汽油中存在的，和空气一起在快燃发动机中燃烧时除形成燃烧主产品二氧化碳和水蒸汽以外还形成副产品，特别是有害物质，主要是碳氢化合物(HC)，一氧化碳(CO)和氧化氮(NOx)，以及在某些情况下炭黑颗粒。废气中有害物质和炭黑颗粒的含量主要取决于输入的空气/燃料比。在空气/燃料比过小时称为“高配比的”混合物组成(空气过少)；在空气/燃料比过大时称为“低配比的”混合物组成(空气过多)。
炭黑主要出现在空气特别少的燃烧时。虽然在正常情况下快燃发动机中不达到这种条件，但是可能在局部由于不均匀性，特别是冷起动阶段出现这种情况。炭黑通常由于燃料分子在缺氧情况下的热裂化形成，并在氢裂解的情况下导致富碳巨分子的聚合，然后使它烧结成最终的炭黑颗粒。在接近化学计量学的空气比时由于喷入量的提高使高配比的混合物区越来越扩展而导致炭黑的急剧增加。在高配比的混合物区形成的炭黑在没有其他措施时大多几乎不燃烧。
为了使未燃烧的炭黑颗粒不影响环境，例如由DE41 17 676 A1已知，特别在柴油机的排气管路中，至少设一带有输送炭黑沉积物的过滤器。这种颗粒过滤器的再生，也就是该沉积的发黑颗粒的燃烧，例如通过不时地输入燃料和空气进行，以加热炭黑颗粒，使在空气过少时形成的炭黑颗粒重新燃烧。由DE 40 12 719 A1还已知，过滤器配备至少一种分解有害物质成分，特别是碳氢化合物(HC)，一氧化碳(CO)和/或氧化氮的催化剂。
此外在空气过少时燃烧时废气含有比较多的CO和HC，而在空气过多直至一定数值时CO和HC几乎可以完全氧化。在略低配比的混合物组成区内NOx的含量经过一最大值。但是对于快燃发动机在这个区域内燃料的特殊消耗处于最佳值。也就是说如果快燃发动机调整到最佳的低的燃料消耗，那么在废气中除平常的CO和HC浓度外还存在高的NOx浓度。这里迄今为止几乎没有注意到这样的事实，快燃发动机也产生颗粒，然而它大多较小并且比在柴油机中产生较少的总体积。尽管如此这种颗粒也对环境有害。
本发明的目的在于，提供用于更好地清洁在排气管路内流动的快燃发动机的废气流的措施和装置。
这个任务通过按权利要求1的方法和按权利要求12的装置来解决。优良的造型和改进结构在各从属权利要求中说明。
按本发明的用来清洁在排气管路中流动的，主要通过直接喷射输入空气/燃料混合物的快燃发动机的废气流的方法的特征在于：排气管路中的废气至少依次流过一带起催化作用的涂层，尤其是三通涂层的蜂窝体和一带有至少有时贮存至少一种有害物质，特别是碳氢化合物(HC)，一氧化碳(CO)和/或氧化氮(NOx)的涂层的颗粒过滤器，由此可以有利地达到废气更好的清洁。
事实表明，当在至少一个带有一起催化作用的涂层的蜂窝体后面设置一带有至少有时贮存至少一种有害物质组分的涂层的颗粒过滤器时可以令人惊讶地达到在排气管路内流动的废气不管是在有害物质组分还是在某些情况下出现的炭黑颗粒方面的更好的清洁。
因此对于例如在冷起动阶段给快燃发动机输入高配比的空气/燃料-混合物的情况，为了更好地清洁废气建议，颗粒过滤器的涂层贮存在蜂窝体内未被分解的残余HC和CO。
对于给快燃发动机输入低配比的空气/燃料-混合物的情况，为了更好地清洁废气建议，颗粒过滤器的涂层贮存在蜂窝体内未被分解的残余NOx。
由此可以以优良的方法按要求地和几乎完全地消除废气中各种提高的有害物质浓度。
为了进一步减少氧化氮(NOx)建仪，根据废气内残余的NOx-浓度在蜂窝体之后通过至少一个还原剂管道，例如连续地给颗粒过滤器输入还原剂，尤其是来自还原剂贮存罐的还原剂。
此外作为另一种选择建议，间歇地给颗粒过滤器输送还原剂、特别是根据在颗粒过滤器内贮存的残余NOx的数量。
根据蜂窝体之后废气中残余NOx的浓度输入还原剂，例如氨，几乎完全避免还原剂的过量供给，由此达到残余NOx和还原剂之间大致的化学配比，并有利地改善包含NOx的快燃发动机的废气的清洁。另一个优点在于，只需要比例如在废气流过带有起催化作用的涂层的蜂窝体前将还原剂喷入废气内时少得多的还原剂。
按本发明还原剂管道最好终止于颗粒过滤器，在那里颗粒过滤器特别是具有一内置分配装置，还原剂管道与它相连。
为了进一步减少碳氢化合物(HC)和一氧化碳(CO)建议，根据蜂窝体之后废气内残余的HC-CO浓度给颗粒过滤器输入一种氧化剂，尤其是氧(O2)。
颗粒过滤器的涂层最好可以可选择地和/或累进地至少有时贮存氧气(O2)。
根据残余的碳氢化合物(HC)和残余的一氧化碳(CO)输入氧化剂几乎完全避免了过量供给，由此达到残余HC和CO与氧化剂之间大致的化学配比，并以有利的方法改善快燃发动机的包含HC和CO的废气的清洁。
通常现代快燃发动机具有一电子控制装置或与此类似的控制和调节装置。为了例如通过一发动机控制装置更好地控制和/或调节废气清洁建议，在蜂窝体和颗粒过滤器之间设置至少一个测量探针，它测量至少一种在蜂窝体内未被分解的有害物质组分，其中为了测量残余有害物质组分碳氢化合物(HC)，一氧化碳(CO)和氧化氮(NOx)最好分别至少设置一个测量探针。由此可以以有利的方法测出在蜂窝体内未分解的残余有害物质，并在设置在它后面的，具有相应的贮存涂层的颗粒过滤器内通过输入过滤器的还原剂或氧化剂的支持而分解，还原剂或氧化剂的定量供给例如借助于电子发动机控制装置控制。
按照本发明颗粒过滤器最好通过颗粒的燃烧再生，特别是通过发动机热量和/或通过蜂窝体内，尤其是例如借助于发动机控制装置以规定的间歇的放热反应释放。
作为到此为止所述的单独的装置的另一种选择蜂窝体也可以至少在部分区域内同时形成颗粒过滤器，由此可以有利地达到节省位置的结构。
本发明其他的特征，优点和结构借助于一示范的实施例和图形加以说明。
唯一的图形示意表示一用来清洁在一排气管路2内流动的，尤其是通过直接喷射输入空气/燃料-混合物的快燃发动机1的废气流的装置。在排气管路内沿流动方向S依次至少放置一带有起催化作用的涂层，尤其是三通道催化剂的蜂窝体1和一带有至少有时贮存至少一种有害物质组分，特别是碳氢化合物(HC)，一氧化碳(CO)和/或氧化氮(NOx)的涂层的颗粒过滤器4。
颗粒过滤器4的涂层最好至少局部这样构成，使得如果给快燃发动机1输入高配比的空气/燃料-混合物，那么便贮存在蜂窝体3内未被分解的残余HC和CO；如果给快燃发动机1输入低配比的空气/燃料-混合物，那么便贮存在蜂窝体3内未被分解的残余NOx。
为了测量残余有害物质组分碳氢化合物(HC)，一氧化碳(CO)和氧化氮(NOx)分别设置至少一个测量探头5，6，7，它们安装在蜂窝体3和颗粒过滤器4之间，并且例如与一未画出的电子发动机控制装置连接，它还以有利的方式包含用来控制和调节废气清洁的程序。特别是可以用它确定在某些情况下需要输入的还原剂和/或氧化剂的供给量。
因此例如根据测出的在蜂窝体3之后废气内的残余HC-CO-浓度或测出的残余NOx-浓度给颗粒过滤器4输送氧化剂或从一还原剂贮存罐中通过至少一条还原剂管9借助于泵11输送还原剂。颗粒过滤器4，特别是为了输送还原剂最好具有一内置的分配装置10，它与还原剂管9相连。
优先采用液态氨作为还原剂，它可以携带在还原剂罐8内并在必要时可以输入。作为另一种选择也可以在还原剂贮存罐8内携带作为贮存的原料，例如尿素的还原剂，并在必要时，特别是热解地制造，接着作为液体，特别是通过分配装置10，输送给颗粒过滤器4。
颗粒过滤器4输送炭黑颗粒沉积物的结构最好是一种气孔结构或通道结构，其中在通道结构的情况下它们最好至少部分地错开和/或横向设置。为了使颗粒过滤器4再生，也就是说为了使沉积在它里面的炭黑颗粒燃烧，颗粒过滤器4至少这样紧密地设置在蜂窝体3之后，使得颗粒特别是通过在蜂窝体3内的放热反应，最好按可确定的时间间隔，释放地燃烧。
按照本发明蜂窝体3也可以优先地至少在部分区域内同时形成颗粒过滤器4。
还应该指出，除按本发明设置蜂窝体3和颗粒过滤器4外在快燃发动机1的排气管道2内还可以设置其他的部件。特别是在蜂窝体3之前至少可以设一所谓的，使蜂窝体3及其催化涂层保持尽可能干燥的捕水器，以便在蜂窝体3内即使废气温度只有约100℃时也能进行氧化或还原过程。因此捕水器含有在规定温度之下能大量吸收和贮存水的材料。
排气管道2内蜂窝体3之前也可以附加地设一可电加热的催化剂，以便确保即使在发动机起动后不久也能对于催化分解至少有时提高废气温度。最后蜂窝体3本身可以电加热。
本发明特别适合于快燃发动机的排气装置，这里颗粒过滤器4除了它的任务，在某些情况下捕集炭黑颗粒外还有利地承担在冷起动阶段内残余碳氢化合物(HC)以及一氧化碳(CO)的补充的氧化作用，和在快燃发动机1负荷运行时特别地承担残余氧化氮(NOx)补充的还原作用。
图形标记表1 快燃发动机 2 排气管路3 蜂窝体 4 颗粒过滤器5 测量探针 6 测量探针7 测量探针 8 还原剂贮存罐9 还原剂管 10 分配装置11 泵S 流动方向
Claims (23)
1.用来清洁在排气管路(2)中流动的，尤其是通过直接喷射输入空气/燃料-混合物的快燃发动机(1)的废气流的方法，其特征为：废气在排气管路(2)内依次流过至少一个带有起催化作用的涂层。尤其是三通道-涂层的蜂窝体(3)和一个带有至少有时贮存至少一种有害物质组分，特别是碳氢化合物(HC)，一氧化碳(CO)和/或氧化氮(NOx)的涂层的颗粒过滤器(4)。
2.按权利要求1的方法，其中给快燃发动机(1)输入高配比的空气/燃料-混合物，其特征为：颗粒过滤器(4)的涂层贮存在蜂窝体(3)中未分解的残余HC和CO。
3.按权利要求1的方法，其中给快燃发动机(1)输入低配比的空气/燃料-混合物，其特征为：颗粒过滤器(4)的涂层贮存在蜂窝体(3)中未分解的残余NOx。
4.按权利要求1至3之任一项的方法，其特征为：根据在蜂窝体(3)之后废气中残余NOx浓度给颗粒过滤器(4)输入还原剂，例如氨。
5.按权利要求4的方法，其特征为：连续地输送还原剂。
6.按权利要求4的方法，其特征为：间歇地，特别是根据颗粒过滤器(4)内贮存的残余NOx量输送还原剂。
7.按权利要求1至3之任一项的方法，其特征为：根据蜂窝体(3)之后废气中残余HC-CO浓度给颗粒过滤器(4)输送氧化剂，尤其是氧气(O2)。
8.按上述权利要求之任一项的方法，其特征为：颗粒过滤器(4)的涂层至少有时贮存氧气(O2)。
9.按上述权利要求之任一项的方法，其特征为：在蜂窝体(3)和颗粒过滤器(4)之间至少放置一个测量探针，它至少测量一种在蜂窝体(3)中未分解的残余有害物质组分。
10.按权利要求9的方法，其特征为：为了测量残余有害物质组分碳氢化合物(HC)，一氧化碳(CO)和氧化氮(NOx)分别至少放置一个测量探针(5，6，7)。
11.按上述权利要求之任一项的方法，其特征为：颗粒过滤器(4)通过颗粒的燃烧再生，特别是通过发动机热量释放和/或通过蜂窝体(3)内的放热反应，尤其按规定的间歇。
12.用来清洁在排气管路(2)中流动的，尤其是通过直接喷射输入空气/燃料-混合物的快燃发动机(1)的废气流的装置，其特征为：沿废气在排气管路(2)中的流动方向(S)依次设置至少一个带有起催化作用的涂层，尤其是三通道-催化剂的蜂窝体(3)和一个带有至少有时贮存至少一种有害物质组分，特别是碳氢化合物(HC)，一氧化碳(CO)和/或氧化氮(NOx)的涂层的颗粒过滤器(4)。
13.按权利要求12的装置，其中给快燃发动机(1)输入高配比的空气/燃料-混合物，其特征为：可借助于颗粒过滤器(4)的涂层贮存在蜂窝体(3)中未分解的碳氢化合物(HC)和一氧化碳(CO)。
14.按权利要求12的装置，其中给快燃发动机(1)输入低配比的空气/燃料-混合物，其特征为：可借助于颗粒过滤器(4)的涂层贮存在蜂窝体(3)中未分解的氧化氮(NOx)。
15.按权利要求12至14之任一项的装置，其特征为：可根据蜂窝体(3)之后废气中残余NOx浓度从还原剂贮存罐(8)中通过至少一个还原剂管(9)给颗粒过滤器(4)输送还原剂，例如氨。
16.按权利要求15的装置，其特征为：还原剂管(9)终止于颗粒过滤器(4)上。
17.按权利要求16的装置，其特征为：颗粒过滤器(4)具有一内置的分配装置(10)，还原剂管(9)与分配装置相连。
18.按权利要求12至17之任一项的装置，其特征为：可根据蜂窝体(3)之后废气中残余HC-CO浓度给颗粒过滤器(4)输送氧化剂，例如氧气(O2)。
19.按权利要求12至18之任一项的装置，其特征为：颗粒过滤器(4)的涂层做成这样，使它至少有时贮存氧气(O2)。
20.按权利要求12至19之任一项的装置，其特征为：为了测量至少一种在蜂窝体(3)中未分解的残余有害物质组分在蜂窝体(3)和颗粒过滤器(4)之间设置至少一个测量探针。
21.按权利要求20的装置，其特征为：为了测量残余有害物质组分碳氢化合物(HC)，一氧化碳(CO)和氧化氮(NOx)分别至少设置一测量探针(5，6，7)。
22.按权利要求12至21之任一项的装置，其特征为：颗粒过滤器(4)通过发动机热量释放和/或可通过蜂窝体(3)中的放热反应再生，尤其是按规定的时间间隔。
23.按权利要求12至22之任一项的装置，其特征为：蜂窝体(3)至少在部分区域内同时构成颗粒过滤器(4)。
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| JP2605579B2 (ja) * | 1993-05-31 | 1997-04-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| DE4339424A1 (de) * | 1993-11-18 | 1995-06-14 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Beheizbarer Katalysator mit Kohlenwasserstoff-Falle für Abgassysteme |
| JP3526084B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-28 | 2004-05-10 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用吸着・触媒体、吸着体、排ガス浄化システム及び排ガス浄化方法 |
| US5396764A (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1995-03-14 | Ford Motor Company | Spark ignition engine exhaust system |
| JP3396378B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-15 | 2003-04-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化方法及び装置 |
| DE19653756C2 (de) * | 1996-12-20 | 1999-01-14 | Porsche Ag | Neue Regelstrategie für einen NOx-Speicher |
-
1999
- 1999-01-18 DE DE19901760A patent/DE19901760A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-01-05 WO PCT/EP2000/000047 patent/WO2000042302A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-01-05 KR KR1020017008954A patent/KR20010101549A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-01-05 CN CN00802895A patent/CN1336981A/zh active Pending
- 2000-01-05 EP EP00900064A patent/EP1149230A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-01-05 AU AU18657/00A patent/AU1865700A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-01-05 JP JP2000593848A patent/JP2002535531A/ja active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-07-18 US US09/907,721 patent/US20020011069A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100445524C (zh) * | 2004-07-05 | 2008-12-24 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 用于排气控制装置的控制方法和控制装置 |
| CN101175906B (zh) * | 2005-05-17 | 2010-08-25 | 日产柴油机车工业株式会社 | 发动机的废气净化装置 |
| CN105228730A (zh) * | 2013-04-05 | 2016-01-06 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | 包含三元催化剂的过滤器基底 |
| CN105228730B (zh) * | 2013-04-05 | 2018-08-03 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | 包含三元催化剂的过滤器基底 |
| CN106574533A (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2017-04-19 | 洋马株式会社 | 排气净化装置 |
| CN106574533B (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2019-07-05 | 洋马株式会社 | 排气净化装置 |
| CN110770419A (zh) * | 2017-06-19 | 2020-02-07 | 大众汽车有限公司 | 废气再处理系统以及用于内燃机的废气再处理的方法 |
| CN110770419B (zh) * | 2017-06-19 | 2021-10-15 | 大众汽车有限公司 | 废气再处理系统以及用于内燃机的废气再处理的方法 |
| US11220942B2 (en) | 2017-06-19 | 2022-01-11 | Volkswagen Akiihngesellschaft | System and method for exhaust-gas aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20010101549A (ko) | 2001-11-14 |
| EP1149230A1 (de) | 2001-10-31 |
| JP2002535531A (ja) | 2002-10-22 |
| DE19901760A1 (de) | 2000-07-27 |
| US20020011069A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
| AU1865700A (en) | 2000-08-01 |
| WO2000042302A1 (de) | 2000-07-20 |
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