CN1333067C - Method for preparing dried chlamydomonas products, its products and use thereof - Google Patents
Method for preparing dried chlamydomonas products, its products and use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1333067C CN1333067C CNB2004100363868A CN200410036386A CN1333067C CN 1333067 C CN1333067 C CN 1333067C CN B2004100363868 A CNB2004100363868 A CN B2004100363868A CN 200410036386 A CN200410036386 A CN 200410036386A CN 1333067 C CN1333067 C CN 1333067C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a preparation method of single-cell algae, a product thereof, and an application thereof. The present invention has the technical scheme that pelagic single-cell algae are primarily and secondarily concentrated, and paste-form concentrated alga paste is formed; then, the concentrated alga paste is dried by low temperature or vacuum; a single-cell alga dried product with complete alga cells without any chemical drug which is possibly harmful to cultivation of animal larvae is formed, and the single-cell alga dried product can be dispersed into single-cell alga granules in water; finally, the single-cell alga dried product is packaged by vacuum or nitrogen charge. The preparation method is suitable for all aquatic pelagic single-cell algae; the product comprises flat algae, salt algae, chlorella, crescent-moon rhombus algae, chaetoceros, skeletonema algae, isokont golden algae, furcate flagellum golden algae, etc. The present invention can be widely used for aquaculture animal breeding and cultivation and reinforcement of animal food organisms for replacing living pelagic single-cell algae and benthic diatom, which is particularly suitable for feeding scallop larvae in the pelagic period, abalone larvae from the creeping period to the period after stripping, and sea cucumber larvae in each period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method and goods and application of unit cell dried chlamydomonas product.
Background technology
At present, the unit cell algae of China's marine cultured animal nursery stage supply mainly is the live body unit cell algae that producer cultivates voluntarily of growing seedlings.Because the cultivation of unit cell algae usually is subjected to the restriction of various factors, cause the bait shortage often takes place between nursery stage, influence the stability of artificial breeding.Particularly for the shellfish young of the unit cell algae that can only ingest, situation is particularly serious, even causes the failure of growing seedlings.People attempted to cultivate the unit cell algae in advance in the non-season of growing seedlings, and after then algae liquid being concentrated through drug precipitation, were placed in the freezer and stored, and treated that nursery stage takes out use.But this method has many weak points: the one, and need freezing preservation and volume bigger; The 2nd, storage time is short, stores 8 months main nutrient matter with a toll of 50%: three, is that inorganic drug or organic floculant are all more or less toxic to the aquaculture organism young.A patent of existing Japanese The Nisshin Oil Mills, Ltd application " application of a kind of bait in feeding Crustaceans and Shellfish the larva " (patent No.: 87104387) utilize chlorella, diatom, blue-green algae, spray-dried, ultrasonic, grind, enzyme dissolved cell wall is handled and is reprocessed into plate object or membranoid substance, feed Crustaceans and Shellfish larva, though certain using value is arranged, but because its technology makes the fragmentation of frustule wall and need add short its dispersion of organic dispersion agent, so when being used for directly throwing something and feeding the cultivated animals young, damaged frond organic debris and organic dispersing agent very easily cause water pollution; And the product particle after reprocessing is excessive, can not by shellfish and the sea cucumber pelagic period young ingest, and its technology is too complicated.
In addition in preparation the common usefulness of existing unit cell algae concentration method be that medicine concentrates, as " concentration method of single-cell algae " (number of patent application: 98110301) adopt the alum precipitate concentration method.So concentrated product is toxic to the cultivated shellfish young, can not be used for shellfish hatchery.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of preparation method who does not relate to unit cell dried chlamydomonas product medicine, that broad applicability is arranged.
Another object of the present invention is to utilize a class unit cell dried chlamydomonas product of present method preparation and do not need fracturing cell walls and reprocessing promptly to can be applicable in the aquatic fry growing.
" unit cell algae " of the present invention is to be selected from the seawater seed rearing unit cell algae that swims commonly used, comprises flat algae, salt algae, chlorella, diatoms (comprising Nitzschia closterium minutissima, Chaetoceros and Skeletonema Greville) and chrysophyceae class (comprising Isochrysis galbana and Dicrateria inornata).Wide in variety, it is wide to draw materials.
" preparation method of unit cell dried chlamydomonas product " of the present invention is applicable to all aquatic unicellular algaes that swim.
" goods " of the present invention be meant adopt that non-medicine method of enrichment is produced, do not contain any chemicals that might work the mischief to the cultivated animals young, in water, can be dispersed into unicellular frond particle and the complete seawater seed rearing unit cell dried chlamydomonas product that swims commonly used of frond cell.
Technical scheme of the present invention, the unit cell algae liquid that at first will swim comprises elementary concentrating with level spissated one or secondary concentrate eventually, become body of paste-concentrated algae cream, carry out oven drying at low temperature or vacuum-drying to concentrating algae cream then, promptly be formed on and be dispersed into individual cells frond particle and the complete unit cell dried chlamydomonas product of frond cell in the water, arbitrary technology is not wherein destroyed unit cell frustule wall, and does not add medicine and dispersion agent.At last with vacuum black jar of packing or aluminium foil bag nitrogen-filled packaging.
Can make unit cell dried chlamydomonas product commonly used such as the seawater seed rearing that comprises flat algae, salt algae, chlorella, diatom and chrysophyceae with the present invention, its frustule is complete and can store under normal temperature condition, long preservative period is widely used in the bait and the cultivation and the reinforcement of animal bait biology (water flea, oppossum shrimp, halogen worm and wheel animalcule etc.) in seedling stage of filter-feeding shellfish (scallop, oyster, clam, blood clam etc.), the property licked shellfish (abalone), crustacean (shrimp, crab etc.), echinoderms (sea cucumber, sea urchin) etc.
The alternative live body of the goods of the present invention unit cell algae that swims, filled up present shellfish and the sea cucumber pelagic period young do not have the blank that substitutes dried bait; And alternative benthic diatom is used for abalone fry-rearing and young ginseng is cultivated; Substitute bait as the bait of the abalone young after peeling off and other and relatively have more advantage.And unicellular scatter coefficient height after this product entry, frond breakage rate are low, and the frustule even particle size is easy to be ingested by the cultivated animals young, and residual bait residual content is few, and it is in use reduced greatly to the destruction of water surrounding.
The present invention is with the seawater seed rearing unit cell algae that swims commonly used, but makes the dry products of normal temperature storage.Can be dispersed into single body frustule (frond length 5～20 μ m) after the product entry, scatter coefficient is up to 80%～100%, frond breakage rate＜1% can replace or part replaces live body unit cell algae and peels off each of the back young, shrimp (crab) Magna zoea larva, sea cucumber young and the high-quality bait of animal bait biology etc. as shellfish parent shellfish, the pelagic period young, the phase young that crawls, juvenile mollusk (Bao), abalone phase.
The contained frustule number of goods unit weight of the present invention is 4～200 times of concentrated product, and storage convenient transportation (need not refrigerate or freezing), preservation period 〉=1 year.
Embodiment
Preparation method of the present invention: at first the unit cell algae algae liquid that swims with growth index phase that is in of conventional, reinforcement or high-density culture (comprise autotrophy, heterotrophism and raise together with) concentrates, can comprise elementary concentrating with level is concentrated eventually, wherein elementary concentrate can use the nature come-up to concentrate, Microfilter concentrates or disc separator concentrates one of three kinds of methods, concentrated density reaches 10～500 times of initial density; Re-using tubular-bowl centrifuge or desk-top Bradytelic centrifugation of the large capacity machine carries out eventually level to the concentrated algae liquid after elementary concentrate and concentrates that (culture density is higher than the high-density culture unit cell algae algae liquid of conventional large scale culturing density more than 5 times, also can directly carry out end level concentrates), be condensed into body of paste; Carry out oven drying at low temperature or vacuum-drying to concentrating algae cream then.Product is sheet or particulate state.Above-mentioned arbitrary technology is not added chemicals, does not destroy cell walls basically.At last with aluminium foil bag nitrogen-filled packaging or black jar of packing of vacuum.
Above-mentionedly comprise that the detailed enforcement of centrifugal multiple concentration technology is as follows
1. naturally come-up to concentrate be to utilize become the naturally characteristic of light come-up of unit cell algae amphitrichous, artificial or self-control utensil is skimmed the dense algae liquid of come-up.Skim preceding 1～2h algae liquid and will stop inflation, and use illumination setting device (as window-blind, net etc.) to regulate illumination, make the frustule come-up of moving about naturally to required suitable light intensity.The algae liquid density of waiting to float reach former culture density more than 10 times the time, adopt method artificial or that the self-control utensil is skimmed to collect.The concentrated algae liquid of skimming out should be inflated (boiling shape) continuously in a large number to keep cytoactive.Come-up concentrates algae liquid, and must to carry out end level within 30h concentrated, and storage period, the short sawn timber quality was good more more.
2. micro-filtration is concentrated is to utilize the concentrated machinery of micro-filtration of aperture of filter material≤5 μ m to carry out continuous concentration, and discharging is for concentrating algae liquid.Micro-filtration concentrates algae liquid must carry out end level and concentrate within 1h, in case the dead decomposition of the frustule that is mechanically damaged on a small quantity influences quality product.
3. to concentrate and to be to use rotating speed be that disc-type centrifugal (separations) machine of 5000～7800rpm carries out continuous concentration to disc separator, and discharging is concentrated algae liquid.The centrifugal concentrated discharging time of disc-type is 15min～1h at interval, concentrates algae liquid and must carry out end level concentrate within 1h, in case the dead decomposition of the frustule that is mechanically damaged on a small quantity.
4. tubular-bowl centrifuge concentrates and is to use tubular type centrifugal (separation) machine to carry out continuous concentration, and rotating speed is 3000～16000rpm (according to the fragility different adjustment rotating speed of different algae cells), and optimum revolution is: flat algae and chlorella 8000～10000rpm; Diatom 4000～6000rpm; Chrysophyceae and salt algae 3000～4000rpm, discharging is for concentrating algae cream.Each continuously centrifuged time answers≤2h, and overlong time causes cytoclasis in order to avoid frond is squeezed.For preventing that frustule from influencing quality product dead the decomposition, concentrates algae cream and must carry out drying treatment immediately.
5. desk-top Bradytelic centrifugation of the large capacity machine is discontinuous centrifugal, and rotating speed is 3000～5000rpm, and a centrifugation time is 15～30min.Centrifugal back abandoning supernatant is taken out concentrated algae cream and should be carried out drying immediately, decomposes in case frustule is dead.
Concentrated algae cream is carried out drying treatment can adopt one of oven dry or two kinds of methods of vacuum-drying, specific implementation method is divided on polyethylene film for concentrating algae cream, thickness≤1cm.Polyethylene film places that (height 2～3cm), tray is stacked in the loft drier for staggered pile in the rectangle tray.Bake out temperature is 40 ℃～99 ℃; The vacuum-drying temperature is-40 ℃～99 ℃, vacuum pressure 〉=0.08Mpa.
The temperature of drying treatment is necessary＜and 100 ℃, otherwise will produce totally unfavorable influence to the scatter coefficient of product in water.Not only guaranteed better dispersion effect but also kept the optimum drying temperature of higher drying efficiency to be 65 ℃.
After treating above-mentioned concentrated algae cream complete drying, can peel off from polyethylene film at an easy rate, directly or be crushed to suitable size particles and pack.Change for anti-oxidation causes nutritive loss and product color, packaging means should be the aluminium foil bag nitrogen-filled packaging or vacuum is deceived jar packing and should not be added other sanitass, to avoid unfavorable to the aquaculture organism paedomorphosis.
Example 1.
Get conventional flat algae algae liquid (density 〉=2 * 10 of cultivating
5/ ml) put into uncovered large pool (groove), pond (groove) degree of depth is 60～100cm, the algae liquid degree of depth 40～80cm, and regulating illumination to light intensity is 5000～10000Lux, leave standstill and manually skim top layer algae liquid behind 1～2h and put into small containers, inflate standby (should not surpass 30h storage period); Wait to skim a certain amount of (0.8～1.5M
3) after, will concentrating algae liquid with peristaltic pump, to squeeze into tubular-bowl centrifuge centrifugal, centrifugal rotational speed 8000～10000rpm, each continuously centrifuged time 1～2h; To concentrate algae cream (frond content about 13 * 10 after the centrifugal end
8/ g) thickness≤1cm is divided on polyethylene film in taking-up from separator cartridge.Polyethylene film places (height 3cm) in the rectangle tray, and tray is stacked in oven dry in the loft drier for staggered pile.Bake out temperature is 65 ℃, treat complete drying after, particle is peeled off, is crushed to dry product from polyethylene film, put into the aluminium foil bag nitrogen-filled packaging.
Example 2.
Get the Isochrysis galbana 3011 of photoreactor high-density culture, density 〉=1 * 10
7/ ml, will concentrating algae liquid with peristaltic pump, to squeeze into tubular type centrifugal (separation) machine centrifugal, centrifugal rotational speed 3500rpm, each continuously centrifuged time 0.5～1h; Centrifugal end back is taken out concentrated algae cream and is divided on polyethylene film thickness≤1cm from separator cartridge.Polyethylene film places (height 3cm) in the rectangle tray, puts into vacuum drying oven and carries out drying, and drying temperature is 40 ℃, and vacuum pressure is 0.085Mpa; After treating complete drying, dry product is peeled off from polyethylene film, put into the aluminium foil bag nitrogen-filled packaging.
Example 3.
Get conventional Chaetoceros algae liquid (density 〉=1.5 * 10 that are in exponential phase of growth of cultivating
6/ ml), squeeze in the ceramic membrane filter device with pump, pore size filter 2 μ m, 10～20min recoil 1 time; It is centrifugal that the concentrated algae liquid that recoils out is squeezed into tubular-bowl centrifuge with peristaltic pump, centrifugal rotational speed 6000rpm, continuously centrifuged time 1～2h; To concentrate the taking-up of algae cream after the centrifugal end and divide on polyethylene film, drying and Packaging Method are with example 1.
Example 4.
Get conventional Nitzschia closterium minutissima algae liquid (density 〉=3 * 10 that are in exponential phase of growth of cultivating
6/ ml), squeeze into continuously centrifuged in the disc centrifuge with pump, rotating speed 5790rpm, 15min～1h deslagging 1 time, it is centrifugal that the concentrated algae liquid of discharge is put into desk-top Bradytelic centrifugation of the large capacity machine, and rotating speed is 4000rpm, and centrifugation time is 15min/ time; Centrifugal back abandoning supernatant will concentrate algae cream and take out, and drying and Packaging Method are with example 1.
Comprise that with the present invention preparation unit cell dried chlamydomonas products commonly used such as flat algae, salt algae, diatom can be used as the live body unit cell algae bait that swims and use
Flat algae dry products: be the swim high-quality substitute (can replace 80% live body swim unit cell algae and 100% benthic diatom) of unit cell algae bait and benthic diatom of live body, be applicable to filter-feeding shellfish (scallop, oyster, clam, blood clam etc.) close shellfish and shell top after mid-term each of the young and the property licked shellfish (abalone) phase the young cultivation, also can be used for the cultivation of animal bait biology (water flea, oppossum shrimp, swing worm, halogen worm etc.).
Salt dried chlamydomonas product: alternative live body salt algae and benthic diatom each of sea cucumber young of throwing something and feeding phase.
The chlorella dry products: alternative live body chlorella is used for cultivation or the reinforcement of wheel animalcule.
Diatom and chrysophyceae dry products: can partly substitute (50%-80%) live body swim unit cell algae bait and benthic diatom, be the high-quality bait of shellfish parent shellfish and each young, shrimp (crab) Magna zoea larva, the sea cucumber pelagic period young, animal bait biology etc. phase.Wherein the Chaetoceros dry products also is that sea cucumber crawls the young to young suitable bait of joining.
Aquatic fry growing unit cell dried chlamydomonas product using method:
1, be used for substituting the live body unit cell algae that swims: take by weighing an amount of dry product, put into fresh water and soak about 30min, during stir for several times short its dispersion.Rub filter with the hands with the above bolting silk layer 2-3 of 300 orders then.Can splash after stirring and throw something and feed.Continuous charge after throwing something and feeding.
2, be used for substituting benthic diatom: take by weighing an amount of dry product, put into fresh water and soak about 30min, rub filter according to young size with the hands with suitable mesh bolting silk then, can splash after stirring and throw something and feed.Stop inflation, flowing water 2h after throwing something and feeding.Young Bao after peeling off also can directly be thrown something and fed suitable big or small dry product particle to adherance, and the dry product particle can melt to loose in water automatically to be licked for young Bao.
Example 5.
The flat algae dry products of getting example 1 preparation replaces 80% live body unit cell algae (3011+ Nitzschia closterium minutissima+flat algae), the bay scallop shell of throwing something and feeding top larva in mid-term (155.8 μ m * 141.8 μ m).Cultivate 22 ℃ ± 1 ℃ of temperature, 10/ml of young density; Sea water salinity 30 ‰, PH8.4; Change 2 times/d of water, each 1/2; Day feeding volume: 3011+ Nitzschia closterium minutissima: 2 * 10
4/ ml, flat algae: 1 * 10
3/ ml, flat algae dry products: 1.2g/M
3, divide and throw something and feed for 6 times; The 24h continuous charge.The 8d that throws something and feeds is abnormal to be juvenile mollusk, its day growth speed and distortion ratio (16.7 μ m/d, 82.1%) and live body unit cell algae (the 3011+ Nitzschia closterium minutissima: 1 * 10 of all throwing something and feeding
5/ ml, flat algae: 5 * 10
3/ ml) day growth speed and distortion ratio (16.6 μ m/d, 81.8%) relatively, the bait effect no significant difference.
Example 6.
The flat algae dry products of the getting example 1 preparation 15 age in days haliotis diversicolor Reeves young that crawls of throwing something and feeding is cultivated water body 10L, young number 15, cultivate 19～21 ℃ of water temperatures, sea water salinity 30 ‰, PH8.4-8.5 inhales the end every day, changes water 2 times, each 1/2, bait throwing at dusk 1 time, daily ration of feeding is 0.05g, 38d throws something and feeds, young body length from 0.5～0.7mm increase to average 4mm (3.5～5mm), surviving rate 100%.With the young no significant difference of on the benthic diatom plate, cultivating, relatively have a clear superiority in adopting the test group (the long 2.5mm of average body, surviving rate 80%) that the organic macromolecule flocculation concentrates, the flat algae dry products of 80 ℃ of oven dry is thrown something and fed.
Example 7.
The Chaetoceros dry products of getting the salt dried chlamydomonas product that adopts the preparation of example 2 methods and the example 3. preparations young stichopus japonicus (mean body weight 1.46g) of throwing something and feeding, 18～19 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 30 ‰, PH8.4-8.5, every day, bait throwing at dusk was 1 time, feeding volume is 1% (adding 1/2 ooze in addition) of children's ginseng body weight, change water every day 1 time, each quantity of exchanged water 100%, 10d throws something and feeds, daily progression rate is respectively 1% and 0.7%, is better than throw something and feed sea-tangle powder group (1%) and ooze control group (1.4%).
Claims (7)
- The preparation method of 1 one kinds of unit cell dried chlamydomonas products, the unit cell algae liquid that it is characterized in that at first will swimming carry out elementary concentrate and eventually level concentrate and make it become body of paste one to concentrate algae cream, then to concentrating algae cream with 40 ℃ ~ 65 ℃ oven dry, perhaps 40 ℃ of vacuum-dryings, vacuum pressure 〉=0.08 MPa, be formed on and be dispersed into individual cells frond particle and the complete unit cell dried chlamydomonas product of frond cell in the water easily, at last with vacuum or nitrogen-filled packaging, above-mentioned elementary simmer down to floats naturally and concentrates, micro-filtration concentrates or disc separator concentrates, level is concentrated eventually is to concentrate with tubular-bowl centrifuge, and rotating speed is 8000 ~ 10000 rev/mins.
- The preparation method of 2 unit cell dried chlamydomonas products as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that above-mentioned unit cell algae is selected from flat algae, salt algae, chlorella, Nitzschia closterium minutissima, Chaetoceros, Skeletonema Greville, Isochrysis galbana or Dicrateria inornata.
- The unit cell dried chlamydomonas product that the described method of 3 usefulness claims 1 prepares.
- The unit cell dried chlamydomonas product that the described method of 4 usefulness claims 2 prepares.
- 5 claims 3 or 4 described unit cell dried chlamydomonas products throw something and feed filter-feeding shellfish and echinoderms class pelagic period the young application.
- 6 claims 3 or 4 described unit cell dried chlamydomonas products throw something and feed abalone and sea cucumber the phase of crawling the young application.
- 7 claims 3 or 4 described unit cell dried chlamydomonas products throw something and feed abalone peel off the back young application.
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| CN1333067C true CN1333067C (en) | 2007-08-22 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102690757A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-09-26 | 山东安源水产股份有限公司 | Keep-alive concentration method for chrysophyceae and device for implementing method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101999329B (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2012-07-04 | 中国海洋大学 | Method capable of improving adhesion rate of sea cucumber seedlings and survival rate of young sea cucumbers |
| CN103396952B (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2015-02-04 | 钦州市虾蟹宝饵料有限公司 | Amphora coffeaeformis hypnospore compounding agent for stichopus japonicus seaculture and preparation method thereof |
| CN104480018A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-01 | 临沂大学 | Method for preparing and storing fruiting dunaliella algae paste |
| CN113812543A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-12-21 | 国投生物科技投资有限公司 | Algae powder type seedling raising bait, application thereof and method for raising seedlings of prawns in daphnia-shaped period |
| CN113812360B (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2023-01-06 | 国投生物科技投资有限公司 | Algae powder type seedling raising bait, application thereof and shellfish artificial seedling raising method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4931291A (en) * | 1986-06-24 | 1990-06-05 | The Nisshin Oil Mills, Ltd. | Feeds for larvae of crustaceons and shellfish |
| CN1239739A (en) * | 1998-06-19 | 1999-12-29 | 威海市海洋技术开发中心 | Concentration method for unicellular algae |
-
2004
- 2004-11-23 CN CNB2004100363868A patent/CN1333067C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4931291A (en) * | 1986-06-24 | 1990-06-05 | The Nisshin Oil Mills, Ltd. | Feeds for larvae of crustaceons and shellfish |
| CN1239739A (en) * | 1998-06-19 | 1999-12-29 | 威海市海洋技术开发中心 | Concentration method for unicellular algae |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 扁藻干制品在海湾扇贝育苗中的应用研究 杨秀生 邱兆星 詹冬梅 菅玉霞 叶海斌，齐鲁渔业，第20卷第8期 2003 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102690757A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-09-26 | 山东安源水产股份有限公司 | Keep-alive concentration method for chrysophyceae and device for implementing method |
| CN102690757B (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2014-05-07 | 山东安源水产股份有限公司 | Keep-alive concentration method for chrysophyceae and device for implementing method |
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