CN1330860C - 具有至少一个过滤层的废气过滤器 - Google Patents

具有至少一个过滤层的废气过滤器 Download PDF

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CN1330860C
CN1330860C CNB038209993A CN03820999A CN1330860C CN 1330860 C CN1330860 C CN 1330860C CN B038209993 A CNB038209993 A CN B038209993A CN 03820999 A CN03820999 A CN 03820999A CN 1330860 C CN1330860 C CN 1330860C
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filter layer
district
filter
waste gas
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CN1678819A (zh
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R·布吕科
J·霍格森
M·门格尔贝格
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Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
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Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D39/00Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2027Metallic material
    • B01D39/2041Metallic material the material being filamentary or fibrous
    • B01D39/2044Metallic material the material being filamentary or fibrous sintered or bonded by inorganic agents
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D39/00Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D46/00Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/42Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/0218Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters the filtering elements being made from spirally-wound filtering material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0226Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/18Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for improving rigidity, e.g. by wings, ribs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/02Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/10Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/14Sintered material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F01N2330/38Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details flow channels with means to enhance flow mixing,(e.g. protrusions or projections)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F01N2330/44Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details made of stacks of sheets, plates or foils that are folded in S-form
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2350/00Arrangements for fitting catalyst support or particle filter element in the housing
    • F01N2350/02Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing
    • F01N2350/06Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing with means preventing gas flow by-pass or leakage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/22Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by welding or brazing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/24Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by bolts, screws, rivets or the like
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/48Processes of making filters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00Gas separation
    • Y10S55/10Residue burned
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00Gas separation
    • Y10S55/30Exhaust treatment
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
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  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用来净化内燃机废气的废气过滤器,包括至少一个具有一纵向长度和一横向宽度的由至少部分地对于流体可流通的材料制成的具有一厚度的带状过滤层,废气过滤器还包括由普通板层构成的波纹层;其中所述过滤层在至少一个部分区域内具有一具有一宽度和一长度的金属加强区,其特征为:所述加强区的宽度小于所述过滤层的宽度和/或所述加强区的长度小于所述过滤层的长度;其中:a)所述过滤层由烧结的金属纤维制成,并具有小于2mm的厚度;b)所述加强区由一板层形成,该板层的厚度小于0.08mm;其中c)所述加强区的厚度小于所述流体可流通材料的厚度;d)所述加强区与所述过滤层焊接;e)所述加强区与相邻的板层钎焊连接。

Description

具有至少一个过滤层的废气过滤器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有至少一个过滤层的用来净化内燃机废气的废气过滤器,以及涉及一种用来制造具有至少一个金属加强区的过滤层的方法。
背景技术
为了从内燃机特别是柴油机的废气中过滤出颗粒,开发了各种不同的过滤系统,例如所谓的开式过滤系统,其特征为:构成过滤系统的通道壁至少部分由多孔或高度多孔材料构成。此外存在转向或导向结构,它们促使气流连同包含在其中的颗粒偏转到由多孔或高度多孔材料制成的区域内。这里令人惊讶地断定,颗粒通过截留(Interception)和/或冲击附着(Impaktion)吸附在多孔通道壁上和/或内。
对于实现这种效果流动的废气流动截面内的压力差具有重要意义。此外通过转向形成高的局部低压或过压状态,这造成穿过多孔壁的过滤效应,因为必须平衡上述压差。开式过滤系统与已知的封闭过滤系统的不同,因为没有设置封端流道(Strmungssackgasse)。如果一颗粒过滤器原则上可以被颗粒完全流过,而且也可以被比本来要滤掉的颗粒大得多的颗粒流过,那么它便称为开式的。因此这种过滤器本身在运行时在颗粒结块(Agglomeration)的情况下不会被堵塞,测量颗粒过滤器开放性的合适的方法例如是测试,到多大直径的球形颗粒还能够通过这种过滤器流出。在所述应用场合下,特别是当如果还能够流出直径大于等于0.1mm,尤其是直径小于0.2mm的球,那么过滤器便是开式的。在极端情况下甚至可以看穿开式的过滤器。
例如在未提前公布的德国专利申请DE10153283和DE10153284中说明了这种过滤系统,在这种开式过滤系统中常常存在这样的问题,即所用的过滤层不具有足够的机械稳定性。这可以通过形成相应的框形结构来克服,但是这种结构又具有另外的缺点。具有不带框形结构的过滤层的过滤系统在废气入口侧的过滤层受脉冲载荷的作用下会较快破损,此外过滤层只能形成耐久性差的在某些情况下可以导致过滤效果改善的结构。
发明内容
由此出发本发明的目的是,推荐一种带有具有较高机械稳定性和与相邻层较好的连结可能性的过滤层的废气过滤器,以及一种用来制造这种过滤层的方法。
按本发明的用来净化内燃机废气的废气过滤器,包括至少一个具有一纵向长度和一横向宽度的由至少部分地对于流体可流通的材料制成的具有一厚度的带状过滤层,废气过滤器还包括由普通板层构成的波纹层;其中所述过滤层在至少一个部分区域内具有一具有一宽度和一长度的金属加强区,其特征为:所述加强区的宽度小于所述过滤层的宽度和/或所述加强区的长度小于所述过滤层的长度;其中:a)所述过滤层由烧结的金属纤维制成,并具有小于2mm的厚度;b)所述加强区由一板层形成,该板层的厚度小于0.08mm;其中c)所述加强区的厚度小于所述流体可流通材料的厚度;d)所述加强区与所述过滤层焊接;e)所述加强区与相邻的板层钎焊连接。
在过滤层内加入金属加强区有利地允许构成机械稳定的过滤层,其中仅有很小一部分的过滤层可流通表面由加强区遮盖。
例如可以在过滤层的废气入口侧的边缘区内形成加强区,这使得过滤层具有比普通产品长得多的耐久性,因为在这种情况下加强区可以起吹爆/吹蚀保护(Ausblasschutz)的作用,从而防止过滤层在边缘处破损,在废气入口区内过滤层的机械载荷特别大,因为废气大多冲击式地到达过滤层上,在这个区域内热负荷也是最大的。
此外形成加强区可以显著改善可成形性,这种可成形性允许将纤维状过滤层成形为形成有表面结构的过滤层。这使得可以将废气过滤器做成普通蜂窝体的形式,其中可采用过滤层作为光滑板层和/或形成表面结构(strukturieren)的板层。蜂窝体还可包括非多孔板层。因此按本发明例如可以用常见的方式由光滑的过滤层和形成表面结构的板层制成用作废气过滤器的蜂窝体,或者用形成结构的过滤层和光滑板层。对于利用接合技术(fügetechnisch)与相邻板层的连接加强区也是特别适合的区域。
根据按本发明的废气过滤器的一种有利的实施形式,过滤层由纤维状材料形成,这里过滤层优选由金属纤维,特别优选由烧结金属纤维制成。由纤维材料,尤其是金属纤维制造过滤层使过滤层具有较高的热稳定性,这特别是对于废气过滤器是有利的,因为内燃机废气具有比较高的温度并冲击式地出现,因此如果废气过滤器安装在发动机附近,过滤层由金属纤维制成是特别有利的,这种过滤层的厚度小于2mm,特别是小于1mm。
根据按照本发明的废气过滤器的另一种有利的实施形式,在至少一个过滤层的边缘上形成至少一个加强区。在边缘上形成加强区有利地防止在这个区域内过滤层的破损,因此提高了过滤层的使用寿命。
根据按照本发明的废气过滤器的另一种有利的实施形式,在一条内部的带内形成所述加强区。在内部带内形成加强区可提高过滤层的形状稳定性,并从而有利地允许过滤层形成表面结构。
按照本发明,也可以在单独一条或多条带内形成加强区,在一些情况下所述带可以周期出现。关于加强区相对于过滤层的位置,加强区可以设计成纵向带、横向带或相对于过滤层边缘成任意的角度。形成多个加强区的优点一方面是显著提高过滤层的形状稳定性,另一方面形成多个加强区还使得可以在加强区内实现过滤层与废气过滤器中的其它板层的可靠连接,而不会由于加强区显著减小过滤层的气体可入流表面。加强区可以优选具有矩形形状,但是加强区也可以具有任何任意的形状,而且这些形状都是属于本发明的,例如椭圆形、圆形、扇形、三角形等。
根据按照本发明的废气过滤器的又一种有利的实施形式,加强区通过一板层或一焊料填充部(Loteinlagerung)形成。这两种可能性都可以方便地集成/整合在过滤层的制造过程中。此外这两种可能性对于金属过滤层特别有利,因为这时可以用简单的方式方法使加强区与过滤层连接,例如通过焊料填充部的热处理,或者在板层的情况下通过钎焊或焊接。不管是加强区做成焊料填充部还是做成板层的可能性都可有利地提高过滤层的机械稳定性。板层具有小于0.08mm,特别是小于0.04mm或甚至小于0.02mm的厚度。
根据按照本发明的废气过滤器的另一种有利的实施形式,加强区具有加大的材料密度。从而按照本发明加强区例如可通过施加压力形成。此外在形成过滤层时有利地在加强区内设置较多的材料,从而这里以后可通过轧制提高材料密度。在这种情况下压缩加强区是特别有利的。
根据按照本发明的废气过滤器的另一种有利的实施形式,加强区的厚度小于可流通材料的厚度。这有利地允许加强与例如做成板层形式的加强区相比较厚的纤维材料,所述纤维材料由薄的加强区机械加强。根据加强区性能的不同还可以用较薄的加强区实现过滤层较大的机械稳定。
根据按照本发明的废气过滤器的另一种有利的实施形式,所述加强区具有表面结构。特别是如果加强区的厚度小于可流通的材料的厚度,则可以通过在加强区内形成表面结构使它与可流通材料的厚度相匹配。这允许以较少的材料消耗得到可流通材料大的机械稳定性,而不使它在厚度尺寸上有大的波动。此外也可以使全部纤维形材料形成表面结构。在这种情况下表面结构的外部总幅值至少相当于可流通材料的厚度是特别有利的。表面结构的外部总幅值小于可流通材料的厚度同样是有利的。
根据按照本发明的废气过滤器的另一种有利的实施形式,加强区这样地穿过过滤段,使得加强区交替地位于过滤层的第一纵向侧和第二纵向侧上。加强区的这种结构对于形成吹蚀保护是特别有利的,因为这样可以用简单的方式方法在过滤层两端侧防止破损。
根据按照本发明的废气过滤器的另一种有利的实施形式,加强区用一种利用接合技术的方法与过滤层连接。可以以简单的方式方法在已经存在的用于制造废气过滤器的工艺流程中形成所述利用接合技术的连接。例如如果为了形成牢固的总体结构进行常见的钎焊,则加强区可以与过滤层钎焊连接。
根据按照本发明的废气过滤器的另一种有利的实施形式,加强区与过滤层焊接。这里电阻焊接法是特别适宜的,特别是滚缝焊接法或激光焊接法。滚缝焊接法(Rollnahtschweiss)同时促使在过滤层上作用一定的压力,这导致材料压缩,从而使过滤层进一步加强,加强区和过滤层之间稳固地形成的焊缝促使进一步机械地加强过滤层。
也可采用其它利用接合技术的方法,并且这是符合本发明的。例如至少一个加强区也可与过滤层铆接。也可采用利用接合技术的方法的组合,例如铆接与钎焊,铆接与焊接,并且这也是属于本发明的。例如可以有利地将一作为加强区的焊料片通过铆接大致地预固定,以后再通过钎焊最终固定该加强区,也可以通过形成提高的材料密度结合其它接合技术方法形成加强区。例如可通过轧制或压制形成提高的材料密度,这里也可以有利地组合不同的方法,例如压制和焊接一优选电阻焊、滚缝焊或用宽电极点焊—的组合。
根据按照本发明的废气过滤器的另一种有利的实施形式,加强区与相邻的板层连接。在这种情况下加强区与相邻的板层钎焊连接是特别有利的,用这种方法可形成例如基本上由纤维状材料形成的层和一板层之间的持久连接。这使得按本发明的废气过滤器的耐用性得到改善。
按照本发明的思想的另一个方面推荐一种方法,它用来制造一用于废气过滤器的由一至少部分地对于一流体可流通的一定厚度的材料制成的具有一纵向长度和一横向宽度的过滤层。在过滤层的部分区域内形成一具有一宽度和一长度的金属加强区,其宽度小于过滤层的宽度和/或其长度小于过滤层的长度。所述加强区与可流通材料利用接合技术连接。
根据按照本发明的方法的另一种有利的实施形式,可流通材料由纤维,尤其是金属纤维,特别优选由烧结金属纤维形成。由金属纤维制成的过滤层具有大的热稳定性,所述热稳定性在用在内燃机排气区内时是有利的。
根据按照本发明的方法的另一种有利的实施形式,加强区由板层、焊料填充部或具有更高材料密度的区域构成。
根据按照本发明的方法的另一种有利的实施形式,加强区与可流通材料钎焊连接。钎焊连接的形成可以有利地安排在现有的废气过滤器的制造工艺步骤中。因此钎焊连接的形成可以和形成废气过滤器内的其它钎焊连接在同一工步内进行。
此外在加强区内形成焊接连接是有利的。在这种情况下焊接连接通过电阻焊或激光焊,尤其是通过滚缝焊形成是特别有利的。特别是在加强区和其余的可流通材料之间通过电阻焊接法一这里特别优选通过滚缝焊接法一形成焊接连接是有利的,因为在形成作为具有高材料密度的材料区的加强区时,这可以在一个工步中用滚缝焊完成,因为这时在过滤层上作用压力。此外通过使用形成表面结构的滚缝焊工具可以直接在加强区内压印出表面结构。例如滚缝焊接可以通过一种齿轮进行,所述齿轮使得在加强区内形成例如波纹结构,并由此也在整个过滤层内形成表面结构,如果一根据可由流体流通的材料的刚性一只存在足够的加强区。
附图说明
下面借助于附图详细说明本发明特别有利和优选的实施形式,而本发明并不限于这里所示的实施例。
附图表示:
图1一带加强区的过滤层的第一实施例的示意透视图,
图2第一实施例的侧视图,
图3第二实施例的侧视图,
图4第三实施例的示意透视图,
图5过滤层的第三实施例的侧视图,
图6带加强区的过滤层的第四实施例,
图7过滤层的第四实施例的侧视图,
图8过滤层的第五实施例的制造方法,
图9第五实施例的侧视图,和
图10按本发明的废气过滤器的实施形式的示意透视图,
具体实施方式
图1表示一过滤层1,它在纵向具有一长度L,在横向具有一宽度B并具有一厚度D,过滤层1由至少部分地对于流体可流通的多孔材料制成。这种过滤层1特别可由金属纤维,特别是由烧结金属纤维制成。过滤层1具有一加强区2,其宽度VB小于过滤层1的宽度B。加强区的长度VL小于过滤层1相应的长度L。
如图2中所示,过滤层1可以具有一由一板层3形成的加强区2。在图2中板层3的厚度VD与过滤层1的厚度D相比表示成相对较大,但板层3相对过滤层1的厚度也可以小得多。板层3可以通过焊接法,特别是电阻或激光焊接法,特别优选用滚缝焊接法,与过滤层1连接。
图3表示一带一加强区2的过滤层1的第二实施例,这里加强区2通过在加强区2内存在提高的材料密度形成。这可以这样来实现,即在由金属纤维制造过滤层时在该区域内已经形成更多的材料。为了补偿在一些情况下存在的高度差,以后可压缩这个区域内的材料。也可以统一地形成纤维材料,并仅压缩加强区2内的材料。
图4表示一带横向分布的加强区2的过滤层1的第三实施例。通常加强区2不仅可以相对于过滤层1的边缘纵向或横向地形成,而且可以相对于过滤层1棱边成任意角度地形成。加强区2相对于过滤层1的任何定向都是符合本发明的。在图4的实施例中加强区2做成焊料填充部。为此例如可以利用这样的情况,即构成过滤层1的多孔材料吸收液态焊料。
图5表示一和图4中一样通过焊料填充部形成的实施例。可以看到,加强区2不在过滤层的整个厚度D上延伸,加强区的厚度VD小于厚度D。这可以通过相应地选择由过滤层1容纳的焊料量和形成相应的阻止焊料流动的结构达到。
焊料填充部的形成可以有利地安排在已经存在的制造废气过滤器的工艺步骤内。在这种工艺方法中常常采用加热工艺步骤—例如钎焊—来连接废气过滤器的不同构件,这里可没有其它费用地将加强区的形成整合在制造过程中。
加强区的厚度VD小于过滤层1的厚度D,即焊料填充部不在过滤层1的整个厚度D上延伸的事实使得可加强过滤层1,但是不会造成加强区2内过滤层的完全刚化。按照本发明根据应用领域的不同也可以设置其厚度VD和过滤层厚度D一样的焊料填充部。从而得到一种过滤层,它由于加强区2而可以比不带加强区2的过滤层1更持久地成形。
图6表示一带一加强区2的过滤层1的另一个实施例。在该实施例中加强区2由一薄板层3组成,所述板层穿过过滤层1内的孔4。板层3以这样的方式穿过孔,即,使板层3交替地位于过滤层1的一第一纵向侧5和一第二纵向侧6处。在制造过程中板层3可以在穿过后通过滚缝焊接与过滤层1连接。在这种情况下在板层3和过滤层1之间形成一牢固的连接。这种焊接连接首先优选在过滤层1的边缘区域内形成,因为与过滤层1这样连接的板层3良好地适合于用作废气过滤器的气体入口侧的吹蚀保护。但是也可以用其它实施例中示出的结构实现的良好的吹蚀保护。
通过利用具有表面结构—例如齿轮形—的工具进行滚缝焊接可以使板层3形成表面结构。有利的是,在制造废气过滤器时这样确定过滤层1上的孔4的位置,使得孔4的间距15基本上相当于所压印的表面结构的波长。此外现在如果压印出波状的表面结构,则如果波峰和/或波谷分别压印在孔4的区域内,则是有利的。这样便可以制造用板层3加强的形成表面结构的过滤层1,所述过滤层分别在与废气过滤器内相邻的层贴合的区域内具有一板层3,所述板层使得可以有利地与相邻层形成牢固的连接。
一般来说按照本发明的条的形成不仅限于边缘区域内的条,而是可以对过滤层内的任何区域进行机械加强。根据区域的结构不同也可以使过滤层持久地形成表面结构,并将其例如作为波纹板层装在蜂窝体内。
图7表示图6中实施例的侧视图。可以看出,板条3的一部分位于第一纵向侧5上,而板条3的另一部分位于过滤层1的第二纵向侧6上。
图8表示制造过滤层1的另一种实施例的方法。这里板层3在边缘区17内绕由多孔的对于流体可流通的材料制成的纤维垫16弯折。接下来如由箭头18所示,压缩边缘区17。这可以有利地通过滚缝焊进行,通过所述滚缝焊接在压缩的同时形成板层3和纤维垫16之间的焊接连接。
在图9中示出了这样制成的加强的过滤层1。该过滤层在过滤层1的边缘区17内具有一加强区2。该加强区可以在制造废气过滤器时例如通过形成钎焊连接与相邻板层连接。此外通过过滤层1内一对折的板3形成的边缘侧的加强区2可特别有利地用作吹蚀保护。
在图1至9中所示的带金属加强区的过滤层的实施例适合于用来制造按本发明的在图10中所示的废气过滤器7,该废气过滤器构成包括一套管8和一蜂窝结构9的蜂窝体。蜂窝结构9包括形成流体可流通的通道12的波纹层10和光滑层11。按照本发明光滑层11和/或波纹层10可以由一带金属加强区的过滤层构成。现在如果例如光滑层11由带加强区2的过滤层1构成,则波纹层10可以由普通板层构成。由普通板层构成的波纹层10可以具有表面结构和孔,所述表面结构和孔将流过废气过滤层7的气体引导至设计成过滤层1的光滑层11。
即使波纹层10由带加强区2的过滤层1构成,光滑层11也可以设有表面结构,所述表面结构使流过废气过滤器7的气流产生涡流,并向设计成过滤层1的波纹层10偏转。
按照本发明,在将废气过滤器7装入内燃机排气管道内时,优选将废气过滤器7的气体入口侧13做成带有加强区2是有利的。所述加强区用作防止过滤层1由于废气的高温脉冲气流而破损的吹蚀保护。破损问题在气体出口侧14比较小,但是按照本发明这里也可以形成加强结构,以例如单纯地机械加强和稳定蜂窝结构。
按本发明制作的废气过滤层至少局部地由带加强区2的过滤层1构成。加强区2的形成用来机械地稳定过滤层1。此外在加强区2内可形成与废气过滤器内相邻的板层10、11的利用接合技术的连接。
附图标记表
1     过滤层        2     加强区
3     板层          4     孔
5     第一纵向侧    6     第二纵向侧
7     废气过滤器    8     套管
9     蜂窝结构      10    波纹层
11    光滑层        12    通道
13    气体入口侧    14    气体出口侧
15    两孔的间距    16    纤维垫
17    边缘区        18    箭头
B     过滤层宽度    D     过滤层厚度
L     过滤层长度    VB    加强区宽度
VD    加强区厚度    VL    加强区长度

Claims (5)

1.用来净化内燃机废气的废气过滤器(7),包括至少一个具有一纵向长度(L)和一横向宽度(B)的由至少部分地对于流体可流通的材料制成的具有一厚度(D)的带状过滤层(1),废气过滤器(7)还包括由普通板层构成的波纹层(10);其中所述过滤层(1)在至少一个部分区域内具有一具有一宽度(VB)和一长度(VL)的金属加强区(2),其特征为:所述加强区(2)的宽度(VB)小于所述过滤层(1)的宽度(B)和/或所述加强区(2)的长度(VL)小于所述过滤层(1)的长度(L);其中:
a)所述过滤层(1)由烧结的金属纤维制成,并具有小于2mm的厚度;
b)所述加强区(2)由一板层(3)形成,该板层的厚度(VD)小于0.08mm;
其中
c)所述加强区(2)的厚度(VD)小于所述流体可流通材料的厚度(D);
d)所述加强区(2)与所述过滤层(1)焊接;
e)所述加强区(2)与相邻的板层(10,11)钎焊连接。
2.按权利要求1所述的废气过滤器(7),其特征为:在所述至少一个过滤层(1)的边缘上形成所述至少一个加强区(2)。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的废气过滤器(7),其特征为:所述加强区(2)在一内部的带上形成。
4.按权利要求1所述的废气过滤器(7),其特征为:所述加强区(2)具有表面结构。
5.按权利要求1所述的废气过滤器(7),其特征为:所述加强区(2)这样地穿过过滤段,使得加强区(2)交替地位于过滤层(1)的一第一纵向侧(5)和一第二纵向侧(6)上。
CNB038209993A 2002-08-02 2003-07-25 具有至少一个过滤层的废气过滤器 Expired - Fee Related CN1330860C (zh)

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CN1678819A (zh) 2005-10-05
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JP4350037B2 (ja) 2009-10-21
WO2004014520A2 (de) 2004-02-19
AU2003250180A1 (en) 2004-02-25
US7189274B2 (en) 2007-03-13
EP1525377A2 (de) 2005-04-27
DE10235764A1 (de) 2004-02-19
EP1525377B1 (de) 2007-02-14
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KR20050030223A (ko) 2005-03-29

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