CN1327471A - 润滑剂 - Google Patents

润滑剂 Download PDF

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CN1327471A
CN1327471A CN00801663A CN00801663A CN1327471A CN 1327471 A CN1327471 A CN 1327471A CN 00801663 A CN00801663 A CN 00801663A CN 00801663 A CN00801663 A CN 00801663A CN 1327471 A CN1327471 A CN 1327471A
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W·施特尔
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ZF Lemfoerder GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种万向球接头用的润滑剂,其中在油或润滑剂中掺合两种不同粒度的球状颗粒。大颗粒起距离保持物(间隔物)的作用,该间隔物防止万向球接头的球的在万向球接头静止时坐落在球形推力轴承上。小颗粒防止大颗粒的集聚,它们维持大颗粒相互之间的距离,从而亦分布在万向球接头之中。

Description

润滑剂
本发明涉及一种权利要求1前述部分的带颗粒的润滑剂，特别是一种液体润滑剂如油或润滑脂。
润滑剂特别适用于万向球接头，例如用于汽车的转向杆系统，润滑剂同样可用于通常的轴承类和其它润滑目的。
JP-A63-172795，US 48 88 122或DE 198 39 296Al报导了几种润滑剂，这些润滑剂具有两种不同粒度的颗粒。而且颗粒尺寸差别可在1∶100或更大的范围内。上述第一篇文献中的润滑剂针对高温下良好的耐热性和润滑性以及较高的应力。上述第二篇文献中的润滑剂针对用颗粒涂复内燃发动机的多孔轴承面，以便使表面平滑。第三篇文献针对汽车座的活节配件在特别是自制动传动时的振动抑制。已知的润滑剂不是为万向球接头专用的，而且不能解决下述的在万向球接头上出现的问题。
如果要使静止的万向球接头运动(转动)，则应施加一种始动转矩，即增大的转矩，使万向球接头的球形推力轴承相对于万向球接头的球产生运动。一旦球形推力轴承相对于球运动，转矩减小，而且通常突变式地减小到始动转矩的一半以下。万向球接头从静止开始转动将伴随一个冲击，这种冲击在各个情况下都能感觉到，有时能听到喀嚓声。万向球接头从静止开始转动时的冲击和始动转矩可这样解释，即静止的万向球接头的球将油脂或其它润滑剂从万向球接头的位置排挤出去，在移动万向球接头时在这个位置处润滑剂的厚度减小到润滑剂厚度的一小部分，在极端情况下，润滑剂的厚度达零。润滑剂膜厚度的减小与时间有关，随着润滑剂膜的减小，万向球接头的摩擦增大到例如3-4倍。为使万向球接头开始转动须克服这种高摩擦。如果球在球形推力轴承中运动时，润滑剂分布在球的表面，从而万向球接头的摩擦减小。
为了制造万向球接头，要先将球形推力轴承用逐件并光滑安放在空心半球上的空心圆柱边缘制成半球形，以便能将球嵌入球形推力轴承。球嵌入球形推力轴承之后，空心圆柱边缘向内变形，这样球形推力轴承将球包围在大于半球的面上，并通过后啮合使其成形闭合。大多数情况下在球形推力轴承中嵌入减少摩擦的由塑料，例如由聚醋酸酯(POM)制的轴瓦。在将球嵌入球形推力轴承之前将润滑剂，大多情况下将润滑脂涂在球上和/或球形推力轴承中或者轴瓦中。在将球嵌入球形推力轴承并向内使球形推力轴承的空心圆柱边缘变形以包围球之后将万向球接头加温。其目的在于使轴瓦与球的形状相匹配。万向球接头的可转动性所要求的在球和球形推力轴承之间的间隙通过球形推力轴承的空心圆柱边缘向内部变形之后重新用键固定来调节。
这里出现的问题是要在变形的过程中调节球和球形推力轴承之间的间隙。球和球形推力轴承之间的间隙的这种自动调节当然是不准确的，从而对万向球接头的参数有负面影响。
本发明的目的在于，提出一种润滑剂，该润滑剂在制造万向球接头的过程中能准确调节球和球形推力轴承之间的间隙。
这个目的是通过本发明的权利要求1的特征部分达到的。
本发明的润滑剂的颗粒在润滑剂中的溶解温度低于小颗粒的溶解温度。溶解温度系指颗粒在润滑剂中以任一种方式开始溶解的温度。这时是否润滑剂中的该颗粒开始溶解或者颗粒实际上发生了什么还存在疑问，但无论如何在显微镜下观察润滑剂会发现颗粒消失，实质在于，在润滑剂冷却到溶解温度以下之后颗粒不再出现。在将润滑剂加热或有时保持在大颗粒溶解温度之后，并接着进行冷却，大颗粒不再以大颗粒形态存在。以这种方式通过加热使本发明的润滑剂的温度高于大颗粒的溶解温度，但并不达到小颗粒的溶解温度，并将润滑剂保持在这个温度，就能使大颗粒溶解。本发明的润滑剂有一下述优点在万向球接头的制造过程中，在该另外的半球形球形推力轴承的空心圆柱边缘变形以包围万向球接头的在球形力轴承中嵌入的球时，本发明的润滑剂中的大颗粒使球形推力轴承与球保持一定距离。通过对大颗粒直径的选择可以很准确地调节球形推力轴承变形后球形推力轴承和球之间存在的间隙。接着将万向球接头加热至大颗粒的溶解温度并短暂保持这个温度，从而使大颗粒溶解，而较高溶解温度的小颗粒则仍然保留。由于大颗粒在润滑剂冷却之后不重新形成，在润滑剂中只保留小颗粒并形成距离元件(间隔物)，它在万向球接头静止状态时维持球和球形推力轴承之间的距离(间隙)，防止球坐落在球形推力轴承上，从而消除了万向球接头的始动转矩。
大颗粒和轴瓦宜这样选择，其溶解温度和软化温度同样高，并低于小颗粒的溶解温度。在聚醋酸酯(POM)作轴瓦材料的情况下，该材料在大约100℃时软化，并在大约120℃开始熔化，这时本发明润滑剂的大颗粒的溶解温度选择为80-100℃，小颗粒的溶解温度选择为120℃或更高。制造润滑剂的大颗粒例如可用聚乙烯，小颗粒可用溶解温度较高的聚酰胺。
润滑剂本身例如是油或润滑脂，颗粒可通过搅合在其中均匀分布。颗粒的形状宜为圆形，优选球形。至于颗粒尺寸，颗粒宜呈以能掺入润滑剂的粉末存在。大颗粒形成距离间隔保持物(间隔物)，只要它不在润滑剂中溶解，它都能保证球与球形推力轴承之间的距离，或者一般说来保证在其间有润滑剂存在的两个物体之间的距离。小颗粒存在于大颗粒之间并使大颗粒相互之间保持距离。在颗粒之间的空间存在着润滑剂。小颗粒防止大颗粒集聚以及大颗粒在万向球接头的球和球形推力轴承之间的间隙中的一个或几个部位堆积。通过这种方式小颗粒保持大颗粒在万向球接头的间隙中分布。这就在各个部位都保证有一个相应于大颗粒的直径的最小间隙厚度，它对摩擦产生影响，使万向球接头开始转动时的摩擦不高于或只稍高于其转动时的摩擦。万向球接头在开始转动时的摩擦增高至转动的万向球接头摩擦的很多倍的问题在其长时间停止之后也可得到避免。也可避免猛然启动或发出喀嚓的噪声。本发明采用的只具有两种不同粒度的润滑剂颗粒，但润滑剂中如存在另一些粒度的颗粒也不会有所防碍。本发明不应排除这种情况。作为颗粒可采用固体润滑剂颗粒、塑料如聚酰胺(PA)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)等聚合物。这时颗粒宜具球状。
本发明润滑剂的颗粒间尺寸差别可为1∶100或更大，而且尺寸差别系指直径的差别或者颗粒的其它特征尺寸的差别。本发明的构思中，不同大小的颗粒具有不同的(表观)表面张力。由此表面张力小颗粒在一定程度上浸润表面张力大的颗粒。
较小的颗粒宜具有比大颗粒小的表面张力，这样小颗粒由于其较小的表面张力在一定程度上浸润大颗粒。它们粘附分布在具有较大的表面张力的大颗粒上，这意味着大颗粒被小颗粒覆盖。
表面张力的改变可籍助添加剂(摩擦改性剂或催化剂)实现。
因此，按照本发明可防止集聚，即特别是大颗粒的堆积，并特别使形成距离元件(间隔物)的大颗粒达到预期的分布。小颗粒和大颗粒的表面张力的差别将这样选择，即发生预期的小颗粒在大颗粒表面上分布，不发生预想的集聚。由于可设想在反过来的表面张力关系情况下有相应的效应，所以不应排除这样一种情况，即大颗粒的表面张力小于小颗粒的表面张力。在润滑剂中应存在不同大小颗粒的表面张力差别，但这与这种表面张力在无润滑剂存在下是否仍然起作用无关。
本发明润滑一个例子是一种润滑脂，其中掺入由聚乙烯和聚四氟乙烯制成的球状颗粒，而且聚乙烯颗粒的直径大约是聚四氟乙烯颗粒的约100倍。在掺合到润滑油脂中之前颗粒呈粉末状。由于聚乙烯的大(表观)表面张力和聚四氟乙烯的小(表观)表面张力，聚四氟乙烯小颗粒粘附分布在约100倍大的聚乙烯大颗粒表面上，从而防止聚乙烯大颗粒的集聚。

Claims (9)

1.一种润滑剂，其具有两种不同粒度的颗粒，其中颗粒的尺寸差别为1∶100或更大，其特征在于，在润滑剂中，大颗粒的溶解温度低于小颗粒的溶解温度。
2.权利要求1的润滑剂，其特征在于，在润滑剂中，大颗粒的溶解温度约为80-100℃，小颗粒的溶解温度约为120℃或更高。
3.权利要求1或2之一的润滑剂，其特征在于，颗粒的形状为圆形。
4.前述权利要求之一的润滑剂，其特征在于，颗粒为固体润滑剂颗粒。
5.权利要求4的润滑剂，其特征在于，颗粒为聚合物。
6.权利要求5的润滑剂，其特征在于，颗粒由聚乙烯(PE)、聚酰胺(PA)和/或聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)构成。
7.权利要求1-6之一的润滑剂，其特征在于，不同大小的颗粒具有不同的(表观)表面张力。
8.权利要求7的润滑剂，其特征在于，大颗粒比小颗粒有较大的(表观)表面张力。
9.权利要求7或8之一的润滑剂，其特征在于，籍助摩擦改性剂实现表面张力的改变。
CNB008016631A 1999-08-10 2000-08-10 润滑剂 Expired - Fee Related CN1191343C (zh)

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US (1) US6413915B1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1144556A3 (zh)
JP (1) JP2003506559A (zh)
KR (1) KR20010088819A (zh)
CN (1) CN1191343C (zh)
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DE19937657C2 (de) 2001-08-02
CN1191343C (zh) 2005-03-02
WO2001010985A2 (de) 2001-02-15
JP2003506559A (ja) 2003-02-18
DE19937657A1 (de) 2001-03-15
WO2001010985A3 (de) 2001-05-17
ZA200102271B (en) 2001-11-09
BR0006994A (pt) 2001-06-26
US6413915B1 (en) 2002-07-02
EP1144556A3 (de) 2001-11-07
EP1144556A2 (de) 2001-10-17

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