CN1326442C - Virtual GPS accurate agricultural variable subsoil application system - Google Patents
Virtual GPS accurate agricultural variable subsoil application system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1326442C CN1326442C CNB2005100169006A CN200510016900A CN1326442C CN 1326442 C CN1326442 C CN 1326442C CN B2005100169006 A CNB2005100169006 A CN B2005100169006A CN 200510016900 A CN200510016900 A CN 200510016900A CN 1326442 C CN1326442 C CN 1326442C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an automatic and manual variable rate fertilization seeding machine which realizes soil fertilization according to the nutritional requirements of crop through a virtual global positioning system and achieve the purposes of reducing investment and improving efficiency and agricultural product quality under the condition of solving the problem of the nonuniform distribution of nutrient space in farmland. The system of the present invention uses the global positioning system (GPS) to collect the contour properties of cultivation land blocks and uses a geographic information system (GIS) to manage the information of the soil and the output of the cultivation land blocks by combining the GPS and realize the contour drawing of the cultivation land blocks, the mesh generation of operating units, the information management of soil and output and the automatic recognition of the operating units through programming; fertilizer application decision is carries out, and data are written on an IC card. On the job, the operating units which a fertilizer applicator is positioned in is calculated by testing the working speed of the fertilizer applicator in real time; a single chip computer is used for controlling the rotation speed of a fertilization shaft on the fertilizer applicator and regulate the fertilization amount of a fertilization device; a deep fertilizer boot fertilize fertilizer to lower plough layers at the sides of seeds.
Description
Technical field
The present invention designs a kind of agricultural machinery, particularly designs a kind of automatic/hand Variable Rate Seeding Machine tool.
Technical background
Traditional mode is to adopt the uniform of application operation, because the soil nutrient property of there are differences everywhere in the farming plot, cause the excessive use of chemicals such as chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, soil productivity decline, water and soil loss, agricultural product and ecological environment problems such as groundwater contamination, body eutrophication have occurred.In this situation, adopt the accurate agricultural technical development of variable input to get up.
Accurate agricultural is based on a kind of modern agriculture production form and the management mode of information technology.Present accurate agricultural variable fertilizer distributor realizes that the field variable fertilization is to utilize the GPS receiver that is installed on the fertilizer distributor that real-time positioning information is provided, according in fertilizer distributor position (operating unit) and this operating unit nutrient demand being carried out variable fertilization, reach and save cost and reduce the purpose of polluting.Under this working method, require to be operated on every Work machine in field and all requires GPS receiver of installation.And, usually need to use the DGPS working method for assurance reaches certain positioning accuracy.
The fertile variable-rate fertilization of existing particle all be adopt special-purpose fertilizer distributor with the fertilizer uniform broadcasting in the face of land.This structure relatively is applicable to the large tracts of land operation, and function singleness, cost are higher.The middle-size and small-size tractor of China is more, is that fertilising and sowing are carried out simultaneously basically.Research can with China tractor, the multifunctional variable fertilizing equipment that combines with precise sowing, realize a tractor serves several purposes, improve the ratio of performance to price, could adapt to China's Agricultural Development.
Summary of the invention
Virtual GPS accurate agricultural variable subsoil application system provided by the invention, purpose is to solve under the inhomogeneous condition of farmland nutrient spatial distribution, realize soil being applied fertilizer as required by the virtual GPS system, reach and reduce the purpose that drops into, increases the benefit and improve quality of agricultural product by the crop alimentary demand.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and accompanying drawings is as follows.
Virtual GPS accurate agricultural variable subsoil application system comprises virtual GPS navigation system and variable subsoil application precision planter two parts, it is characterized in that said virtual GPS navigation system separates with the variable subsoil application sower, it comprises a cover differential Global Positioning System DGPS, geography information and field farming plot management system and identification of farm work plot grid and control program, and the IC-card of management of storage plot and variable fertilization decision information; Adjuster 2 inputs of said variable subsoil application precision planter are connected with tractor generators 1, and output is connected with storage battery 4; Electric power source distribution device 6 inputs are connected with storage battery 4, output and pulsqe distributor 7; Variable fertilization controller 5 inputs are connected with IC-card 3, velocity sensor 15 and electric power source distribution device 6; Output is connected with pulsqe distributor 7; Pulsqe distributor 7 outputs are connected with stepper motor 8; Stepper motor 8 drives fertilizer apparatus axles 14 by shaft joint 9, connects fertilizer delivering pipe and deep-fertilizing furrow opener 18 below the fertilizer apparatus; Adjuster 2, IC-card 3, storage battery 4, variable fertilization controller 5, electric power source distribution device 6, pulsqe distributor 7 are installed on the tractor, and velocity sensor 15 is installed on the land wheel 12, and stepper motor 8 is installed on the Variable Rate Seeding Machine girder.
Said IC-card is made: before implementing the variable fertilization operation, adopt the DGPS receiver to measure the plot profile, draw the plot electronic chart, electronic chart is imported among the geographic information system GIS, determine variable fertilization operation ground block size and form parameter, at every plot, need to determine the width D and the length L of this plot operating unit grid, carrying out the operating unit grid divides, measure the soil nutrient in farming plot then by operating unit, set up the soil nutrient information database in this farming plot, survey the decision-making of applying fertilizer of native result and decision rule according to it, obtain the decision-making fertilizing amount of each operating unit in this plot, operating unit code clerk and its corresponding fertilizing amount are write in the fertilising decision-making IC-card.
Described variable subsoil application precision planter adopts single-chip computer control system control step motor speed, drives the fertilizer element, and fertilising decision-making IC-card file is to take the little text formatting of memory capacity.
Described variable subsoil application precision planter has automated manner and two kinds of working methods of manual mode, automatically under the working method, according to the positional information and the operating rate information at fertilizer distributor place, extract fertilizing amount output, the realization combined seed and fertilizer drill is finished the variable fertilization operation between advancing; During the manual work mode, fertilizing amount is finished the variable fertilization operation by the operator by the fertilizing amount that the button input needs, employing is installed in the angle-digital encoder test fertilizer distributor land wheel tach signal on the land axle, calculate the fertilizer distributor active area according to this, thereby determine the operating unit at fertilizer distributor operation place.
When carrying out the variable fertilization operation,, calculate the operating unit at the fertilizer distributor place, position of fertilizer distributor operation at the fertilizer distributor of farm work, extract fertilizing amount according to the operating unit at fertilizer distributor place and carry out variable fertilization by test fertilizer distributor operating rate.In the requirement of both satisfying accurate agricultural variable fertilising operation, GPS receiver and differential signal receiving system on the workover rig in the work have been saved simultaneously.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 decision-making IC-card that applies fertilizer is made flow chart;
Control flow chart is implemented in Fig. 2 automatic/hand variable fertilization field;
Fig. 3 variable subsoil application machine overall arrangement figure;
Fig. 4 variable fertilization controller block diagram.
The element title that indicates among Fig. 3 is as follows:
1. tractor generators 2. adjuster 3.IC cards 4. storage batterys 5. variable fertilization controllers 6. electric power source distribution devices 7. pulsqe distributors 8. stepper motors 9. shaft couplings 10. fertile case 11. frames 12. land wheels 13. fertilizer apparatuss 14. fertilizer apparatus axles 15. speed probes 16. covering devices 17. precision seeders 18. deep-fertilizing furrow openers 19. hanger brackets
Embodiment
Further specify the particular content of the present invention and the course of work thereof below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment.
The design philosophy of virtual GPS automatic variable fertilization system:, be tens times of whole variable fertilization system other parts price as the price of GPS navigation system because the input in advance on the required basis of enforcement of accurate agricultural technology is very big.With regard to the present national conditions of China, a lot of technology of implementing accurate agricultural also rest on theoretical research and test discussion stage.Particularly mostly the arable land for the northern area of China is to divide comparison rule with forest network.Be to promote the application of automatic variable fertilizer practice, this patent has proposed the accurate agricultural variable fertilization system of virtual GPS, promptly without the real-time location navigation of gps system, but implements the automatic variable fertilising operation of accurate agricultural by programme-control.The benefit of doing like this is:
(1) less investment in advance.Equip a GPS receiver, as the price of AgGPS132 receiver price $10000, if carry out the variable fertilization operation with the GPS working method, average drops into $10000～15000, and its positioning accuracy error is at tens meters, and the specific aim of variable fertilization is relatively poor.For guaranteeing high positioning accuracy, need to use the DGPS working method, this will increase a GPS receiver, two cover radio station equipment and other corollary apparatus, total is will Tou Ru $30000 many.With present China country practical condition, we can say to be difficult in the short time realize.After adopting the virtual GPS system, this problem just can be resolved.
(2) economic benefit is obvious.Reduce owing to drop into obviously in advance, and variable fertilization can be under identical fertilizer application condition, the raising utilization rate of fertilizer of limit can make to produce and throw than improving to greatest extent.
Virtual GPS accurate agricultural variable subsoil application implementation process: the operating unit grid that as required the farming plot is divided into suitable size, in each operating unit based on soil in nutrient content information, crop demand, according to the decision-making of applying fertilizer of nutrient balance and expertise, generate prescription map.During the fertilising operation, by obtaining the operating rate of workover rig in real time, and the geographical position of computational tasks machine, fertilising decision information and the corresponding rotating speed of output stepper motor extracted according to fertilizer distributor place operating unit coding, the work of drive fertilizer apparatus realizes the control of variable fertilization amount.The implementation process of concrete fertilising:
The first step: the plot management is made with fertilising decision-making IC-card.Before implementing the variable fertilization operation, adopt the DGPS receiver to measure the plot profile, draw the plot electronic chart.Electronic chart is imported among the geographic information system GIS, determine variable fertilization operation plot parameter ground block size and form parameter.At every plot, need to determine the width (D) and the length (L) of this plot operating unit grid, carry out the operating unit grid and divide, measure the soil nutrient in farming plot then by operating unit, set up the soil nutrient information database in this farming plot.Survey the decision-making of applying fertilizer of native result and decision rule according to it, obtain the decision-making fertilizing amount of each operating unit in this plot, operating unit code clerk and its corresponding fertilizing amount are write in the fertilising decision-making IC-card (operating unit, fertilizing amount).Fertilising decision-making IC-card manufacturing process as shown in Figure 1.
Second step: farm work is implemented.Fertilizer distributor is after entering the farming plot, fertilising controller reading speed sensor signal in each sampling period T, obtain machinery operation speed V, calculate that fertilizer distributor passes by apart from S, calculate fertilizer distributor work area S * B by operation apart from S and mechanical work fabric width B.Extrapolate the operating unit coding MN at fertilizer distributor place by distance and area, extract the fertilizing amount of answering of this operating unit then, control fertilizer apparatus output with this.Its flow process as shown in Figure 2.Among the figure, V---fertilizer distributor operating rate (km/h)
T---the operating rate sampling period (s)
B---fertilizer distributor working width (m)
D---operating unit width (m)
L---operating unit length (m)
MN---operating unit name encoding, M---character type data, direction encoding between the operating unit ridge, M=A, B, C......; N---numeric type data, operating unit ridge length direction coding, N=1,2,3.......
The plot parameter comprises x0, y0, p, q, s, t.(x wherein
0, y
0) be the two-dimensional position coordinate of the southwest corner in plot basic point such as farming plot, p, q, s, t are the characterising parameters of operating unit shape.
The working method of fertilizer distributor has two kinds: automated manner and manual mode.Use " working method change-over switch " on the control panel to select.Automatically working method is according to the velocity information V and the plot parameter x that record
0, y
0, p, the position MN that q, s, t calculate fertilizer distributor extracts fertilizing amount output; During the manual work mode, then on controller panel operational mode switch was dialled to " manually ", fertilizing amount is directly imported from keyboard by manual button by the operator.As need fertilising 300kg/hm
2, input 300 gets final product on keyboard then.Keyboard uses 4 * 4 thin film switch keyboards.Control program is directly passed to slave computer to the stepper motor umber of pulse.
Concrete structure of the present invention is by following implementation process and description of drawings.
The present invention includes adjuster 2, IC-card 3, storage battery 4, variable fertilization controller 5, electric power source distribution device 6, pulsqe distributor 7, stepper motor 8, shaft joint 9, velocity sensor 15 and variable subsoil application machine.The variable subsoil application machine comprises: fertile case 10, and frame 11, land wheel 12, fertilizer apparatus 13, fertilizer apparatus axle 14 is covered with device 16, precision seeder 17, deep-fertilizing furrow opener 18, hanger bracket 19, precise seeder etc.Given plot parameter and fertilising decision-making data are calculated definite fertilizer distributor position by program, realize corn, Soybean and Other Crops automatic/hand variable subsoil application and precise sowing.
The virtual GPS technology is adopted in this invention, realizes the accurate agricultural variable fertilising operation of no GPS real-time navigation.It is characterized by: use DGPS to carry out the field plots management in advance, set up work plot soil nutrient information database in conjunction with GIS; When fertilizer distributor carries out the field fertilization operation, under the situation that GPS receiver and differential signal receiving system are not installed, also can realize the fertilizer distributor positioning function, realize the variable fertilization operation of accurate agricultural.Thereby save GPS receiver and differential signal receiving system.
Claims (4)
1. virtual GPS accurate agricultural variable subsoil application system, comprise virtual GPS navigation system and variable subsoil application precision planter two parts, it is characterized in that said virtual GPS navigation system separates with the variable subsoil application precision planter, it comprises a cover differential Global Positioning System DGPS, geography information and field farming plot management system and identification of farm work plot grid and control program, and the IC-card of management of storage plot and variable fertilization decision information; The adjuster of said variable subsoil application sower (2) input is connected with tractor generators (1), and output is connected with storage battery (4); Electric power source distribution device (6) input is connected with storage battery (4), and output is connected with pulsqe distributor (7); Variable fertilization controller (5) input is connected with IC-card (3), velocity sensor (15) and electric power source distribution device (6); Output is connected with pulsqe distributor (7); Pulsqe distributor (7) output is connected with stepper motor (8); Stepper motor (8) drives fertilizer apparatus axle (14) by shaft joint (9), connects fertilizer delivering pipe and deep-fertilizing furrow opener (18) below the fertilizer apparatus; Velocity sensor (15) is installed on the land wheel (12), and stepper motor (8) is installed on the Variable Rate Seeding Machine girder.
2. virtual GPS accurate agricultural variable subsoil application system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that said IC-card making: before implementing the variable fertilization operation, adopt the DGPS receiver to measure the plot profile, draw the plot electronic chart, electronic chart is imported among the geographic information system GIS, determine variable fertilization operation ground block size and form parameter, at every plot, need to determine the width (D) and the length (L) of this plot operating unit grid, carrying out the operating unit grid divides, measure the soil nutrient in farming plot then by operating unit, set up the soil nutrient information database in this farming plot, survey the decision-making of applying fertilizer of native result and decision rule according to it, obtain the decision-making fertilizing amount of each operating unit in this plot, operating unit code clerk and its corresponding fertilizing amount are write in the fertilising decision-making IC-card.
3. virtual GPS accurate agricultural variable subsoil application system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described variable subsoil application precision planter adopts single-chip computer control system control step motor speed, drive the fertilizer element, fertilising decision-making IC-card file adopts and takies the little text formatting of memory capacity.
4. virtual GPS accurate agricultural variable subsoil application system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described variable subsoil application precision planter has automated manner and two kinds of working methods of manual mode, automatically under the working method, positional information and operating rate information according to the fertilizer distributor place, the output of extraction fertilizing amount, the realization combined seed and fertilizer drill is finished the variable fertilization operation between advancing; During the manual work mode, fertilizing amount is finished the variable fertilization operation by the operator by the fertilizing amount that the button input needs, employing is installed in the angle-digital encoder test fertilizer distributor land wheel tach signal on the land axle, calculate the fertilizer distributor active area according to this, thereby determine the operating unit at fertilizer distributor operation place.
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| CNB2005100169006A CN1326442C (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2005-06-21 | Virtual GPS accurate agricultural variable subsoil application system |
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| CNB2005100169006A CN1326442C (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2005-06-21 | Virtual GPS accurate agricultural variable subsoil application system |
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| CN1326442C true CN1326442C (en) | 2007-07-18 |
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| CN101916075A (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2010-12-15 | 上海交通大学 | Fertilizer distributing amount error compensation control system for aperture rotate speed bivariate seeding fertilizer distributor |
| CN108521963A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-09-14 | 吉林省土壤肥料总站 | A kind of general accurate model of fertilization compositions based on earth measurement |
| US10475212B2 (en) | 2011-01-04 | 2019-11-12 | The Climate Corporation | Methods for generating soil maps and application prescriptions |
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| CN102598941A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-07-25 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Precision control intelligent fertilizing machine |
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| CN108521963B (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2020-06-02 | 吉林省土壤肥料总站 | General accurate model of formula fertilization surveys soil |
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