CN105766116A - Modifying agent quantity-changing applying and scattering system based on precision agriculture - Google Patents
Modifying agent quantity-changing applying and scattering system based on precision agriculture Download PDFInfo
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- CN105766116A CN105766116A CN201610131838.3A CN201610131838A CN105766116A CN 105766116 A CN105766116 A CN 105766116A CN 201610131838 A CN201610131838 A CN 201610131838A CN 105766116 A CN105766116 A CN 105766116A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of precision agriculture machinery, and provides a modifying agent quantity-changing applying and scattering system based on precision agriculture. The system comprises a soil salt fast acquisition unit, a controller and a modifying agent quantity-changing deep applying machine; the controller comprises a speed detection module used for detecting the running speed of ground wheels of the modifying agent quantity-changing deep applying machine and a modifying agent applying quantity control module; the speed detection module is electrically connected with the ground wheels of the modifying agent quantity-changing deep applying machine; the modifying agent applying quantity control module is electrically connected with a fertilizer applying device of the modifying agent quantity-changing deep applying machine, and the controller is further connected with the soil salt fast acquisition unit. The modifying agent quantity-changing applying and scattering system based on the precision agriculture has the advantages that the modifying agent quantity-changing applying problem caused due to the fact that salt in saline-alkali soil is nonuniform in spatial distribution is solved, a modifying agent can be applied to the saline-alkali soil as required according to the salt content of the soil, the input is reduced, the benefit is improved, the effect on improving the saline-alkali soil is good, the structure is reasonable, and the system is suitable for application and popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to precision agriculture field of mechanical technique, apply system particularly to a kind of modifying agent variable based on precision agriculture.
Background technology
Although China's land resource is enriched, but available land resource is little, and wherein all kinds of salinized soil gross areas are up to 9.9 × 107hm, develops salt affected soil to improving land use rate and protecting environment significant；So being administered by innovating by bare place, being transformed into good farmland is a very urgent reality need；The soil salinization is a kind of geological disaster, at present, the method and apparatus that severe improving saline soil field there is presently no, solve the important topic that primary soil salination is research at present.
Executing modifying agent is one of important reclamation of salinep-alkali soil measure, applies the improvement to saline-alkali soil scientifically and rationally and agricultural production has positive role；But, for large area saline-alkali soil, owing to soil is wide, in the soil of different regions, salt content difference is relatively big, and degree of salinity also differs relatively big, accordingly, it would be desirable to carry out variable according to different soil properties to execute modifying agent, can be only achieved the purpose in improvement salt-soda soil；Apply in machine at traditional modifying agent, it it is all in a region or one average amount of application of use in a plot, cause working performance low and the appearance of the problem such as modifying agent waste and environmental pollution, for this, adopt and apply mechanical variables and precisely spread modifying agent and have become as modern agricultural development direction.
Precision agriculture production is the new technique economic model of agricultural modernization sustainable development, is integrate Spatial Information Technology and automatic control technology, and a kind of novel modern agricultural production form grown up on the basis of newest fruits；The variable operation technology of precision agriculture is in agricultural production operation by a series of high-technologies such as global positioning system, work GIS-Geographic Information System, DSS and artificial intelligent control systems; it is the Spatial Difference according to field plot soil nutrient and plant growth conditions; the means of production such as reasonable employment fertilizer, seed, water and pesticide; while protecting agriculture ecological environment, protection land resource, Guarantee Grain Production safety, obtain maximum output and maximum economic benefit；Therefore, to variable operation machinery production and key technology research thereof it is the key implementing precision agriculture operation.
EM38 the earth conductivity meter is a kind of method of quick measurement soil salt, its principle is mutually to be changed and receive the intensity of secondary electromagnetism in soil to extract the bulk electrical conductivity of soil by electromagnetic induction, by bulk electrical conductivity in conjunction with the method for assay in soil chamber, set up the correlation model between soil salt content and earth conductivity.Therefore EM38 can be utilized to carry out the quick obtaining of soil salt, built the model using modifying agent by the experimental result of the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil for many years, utilize variable fertilizer applicator to carry out applying of modifying agent.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art exactly, it is provided that a kind of modifying agent variable based on precision agriculture applies system, it is achieved that carries out salt-soda soil on-demand applying modifying agent by the height of plot salinity, puts into little, high efficiency.
A kind of modifying agent variable based on precision agriculture of the present invention applies system, including soil salt quick obtaining unit, controller, modifying agent variable deep placement machine；
Described controller includes detecting the velocity measuring module of described modifying agent variable deep placement machine land wheel travel speed, modifying agent sowing amount controls module；Described velocity measuring module electrically connects with described modifying agent variable deep placement machine land wheel；Described modifying agent sowing amount controls module and electrically connects with described modifying agent variable deep placement machine fertilizer apparatus；Described controller is also connected with described soil salt quick obtaining unit.
Further, described soil salt quick obtaining unit includes induction soil profile salinity information gathering instrument EM38,1 set difference global locator unit, geography information and farming plot, field management subelement, the grid identification of farm work plot apply decision-making subelement, central processing unit with control subelement, modifying agent variable；Described induction soil profile salinity information gathering instrument EM38,1 set difference global locator unit, geography information manage subelement, the grid identification of farm work plot and control subelement, modifying agent variable and apply decision-making subelement and be connected with described central processing unit respectively with farming plot, field, and described central processing unit is also connected with described controller.
Further, described modifying agent variable applies decision-making subelement and includes magnetic inductive stratified soil salinity high accuracy interpretation module, for bulk electrical conductivity electromagnetic signal is interpreted as soil salt information.
Further, described magnetic inductive stratified soil salinity high accuracy interpretation module is selected interpret pattern accordingly according to the soil texture, land use pattern, season；The described soil texture includes sandy soil, medium loam, heavy loam；Described land use pattern includes cotton field, wasteland；Described season includes spring, autumn.
Further, the foundation of the interpretation model of described magnetic inductive stratified soil salinity high accuracy interpretation module comprises the following steps:
The soil texture, land use pattern in step one, basis modifying agent region to be applied determine sampled point；
Step 2, classification gather pedotheque, natural air drying, grind and sieve；It is configured to soil water extract, measures the electrical conductivity of soil water extract；
Soil apparent electrical conductivity is measured respectively by vertical mode, horizontal pattern by step 3, a point season at the described modifying agent region EM38 that applies；
Step 4, the native water extract that step 2 is obtained conductivity data and step 3 in the corresponding soils bulk electrical conductivity data that obtain carry out numerical fitting, set up based on horizontal pattern, vertical mode, level of aggregation and vertical three kinds of data separate modes fit equation, determine that the fitting coefficient of corresponding equation, described fit equation include linear equation, logarithmic equation, power equation, exponential equation, binary regression equation respectively；
Step 5, the different fit equation of comparison fitting precision, it is determined that optimum interpretation model；Described optimum interpretation model is for the classification interpretation model of different soils quality, different land use type soil under Various Seasonal.
Further, in described step 2, soil layering is sampled respectively, and sampling depth divides five layers, respectively 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm.
Further, the actuator input of described modifying agent variable deep placement machine is connected with electromotor, and outfan is connected with storage battery；Electric power source distribution device input is connected with storage battery, outfan is connected with pulsqe distributor variable fertilization controller input, velocity sensor and electric power source distribution device, outfan is connected with pulsqe distributor, pulsqe distributor outfan is connected with motor, motor drives displacer axle by shaft joint, connects defeated modifying agent pipe and deep placement modifying agent plough actuator below displacer；Storage battery, variable fertilization controller, electric power source distribution device, pulsqe distributor are arranged on tractor, and velocity sensor is arranged on land wheel, and motor is arranged on described modifying agent variable deep placement main beam.
The invention have the benefit that solving the uneven modifying agent variable caused of salt-soda soil salinity spatial distribution applies a difficult problem, achieve the height by plot salinity to carry out salt-soda soil on-demand applying modifying agent, reach to reduce and put into, increase the benefit, improvement salt-soda soil is effective, rational in infrastructure, be suitable to promote the use of.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 show the embodiment of the present invention and applies system structure schematic diagram based on the modifying agent variable of precision agriculture.
Fig. 2 show the interpretation model Establishing process figure of magnetic inductive stratified soil salinity high accuracy interpretation module.
In figure: 1-soil salt quick obtaining unit, 2-controller, 3-modifying agent variable deep placement machine, 11-soil profile salinity information gathering instrument EM38,12-difference global locator unit, 13-geography information apply decision-making subelement, 16-central processing unit, 21-velocity measuring module, 22-modifying agent sowing amount control module with farming plot, field management subelement, the grid identification of 14-farm work plot with control subelement, 15-modifying agent variable.
Detailed description of the invention
The specific embodiment of the invention is described in detail below in conjunction with concrete accompanying drawing.It should be noted that, what the combination of technical characteristic described in following embodiment or technical characteristic was not construed as isolating, they can be mutually combined thus reaching superior technique effect.In the accompanying drawing of following embodiment, the identical label that each accompanying drawing occurs represents identical feature or parts, can be applicable in different embodiment.
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of modifying agent variable based on precision agriculture of the embodiment of the present invention applies system, including soil salt quick obtaining unit 1, controller 2, modifying agent variable deep placement machine 3；
Described controller 2 includes detecting the velocity measuring module 21 of described modifying agent variable deep placement machine land wheel travel speed, modifying agent sowing amount controls module 22；Described velocity measuring module 21 electrically connects with described modifying agent variable deep placement machine 3 land wheel；Described modifying agent sowing amount controls module 22 and electrically connects with described modifying agent variable deep placement machine 3 fertilizer apparatus；Described controller 2 is also connected with described soil salt quick obtaining unit 1.
Preferably, described soil salt quick obtaining unit 1 includes induction soil profile salinity information gathering instrument EM38,1 set difference global locator unit 12, geography information and farming plot, field management subelement 13, the grid identification of farm work plot apply decision-making subelement 15, central processing unit 16 with control subelement 14, modifying agent variable；Described induction soil profile salinity information gathering instrument EM38,1 set difference global locator unit 12, geography information manage subelement 13, the grid identification of farm work plot and control subelement 14, modifying agent variable and apply decision-making subelement 15 and be connected with described central processing unit 16 respectively with farming plot, field, and described central processing unit 16 is also connected with described controller 2.
Preferably, described modifying agent variable applies decision-making subelement 15 and includes magnetic inductive stratified soil salinity high accuracy interpretation module, for bulk electrical conductivity electromagnetic signal is interpreted as soil salt information.
Preferably, described magnetic inductive stratified soil salinity high accuracy interpretation module is selected interpret pattern accordingly according to the soil texture, land use pattern, season；The described soil texture includes sandy soil, medium loam, heavy loam；Described land use pattern includes cotton field, wasteland；Described season includes spring, autumn.
Preferably, the foundation of the interpretation model of described magnetic inductive stratified soil salinity high accuracy interpretation module comprises the following steps:
The soil texture, land use pattern in step one, basis modifying agent region to be applied determine sampled point；
Step 2, classification gather pedotheque, natural air drying, grind and sieve；It is configured to soil water extract, measures the electrical conductivity of soil water extract；
Soil apparent electrical conductivity is measured respectively by vertical mode, horizontal pattern by step 3, a point season at the described modifying agent region EM38 that applies；
Step 4, the native water extract that step 2 is obtained conductivity data and step 3 in the corresponding soils bulk electrical conductivity data that obtain carry out numerical fitting, set up based on horizontal pattern, vertical mode, level of aggregation and vertical three kinds of data separate modes fit equation, determine that the fitting coefficient of corresponding equation, described fit equation include linear equation, logarithmic equation, power equation, exponential equation, binary regression equation respectively；
Step 5, the different fit equation of comparison fitting precision, it is determined that optimum interpretation model；Described optimum interpretation model is for the classification interpretation model of different soils quality, different land use type soil under Various Seasonal.
Preferably, in above-mentioned steps two, soil layering is sampled respectively, and sampling depth divides five layers, respectively 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm.
Preferably, the actuator input of described modifying agent variable deep placement machine 3 is connected with electromotor, and outfan is connected with storage battery；Electric power source distribution device input is connected with storage battery, outfan is connected with pulsqe distributor variable fertilization controller input, velocity sensor and electric power source distribution device, outfan is connected with pulsqe distributor, pulsqe distributor outfan is connected with motor, motor drives displacer axle by shaft joint, connects defeated modifying agent pipe and deep placement modifying agent plough actuator below displacer；Storage battery, variable fertilization controller, electric power source distribution device, pulsqe distributor are arranged on tractor, and velocity sensor is arranged on land wheel, and motor is arranged on described modifying agent variable deep placement machine 3 girder.
Farming plot is divided into appropriately sized operating unit grid by the embodiment of the present invention, in each operating unit based on EM38 earth conductivity instrument quick obtaining salinity, build the model using modifying agent according to reclamation of salinep-alkali soil experimental result for many years, generate prescription map；When executing modifying agent operation, by obtaining the operating rate of working rig in real time, and the geographical position of computational tasks machine, execute modifying agent decision information and output motor correspondence rotating speed according to applying the operating unit coding extraction of machine place, drive fertilizer apparatus works, it is achieved variable fertilization amount controls.
The concrete modifying agent operation that applies comprises the following steps:
Step one, saline and alkaline plot electronic chart drafting；
Step 2, in each operating unit in saline and alkaline plot, utilize EM38 quick obtaining soil salt, set up the soil salt information database in this plot.Build, according to reclamation of salinep-alkali soil experimental result for many years, the model using modifying agent to carry out executing modifying agent decision-making, obtain the decision-making of each operating unit in this plot and execute improvement dosage；
Step 3, modifying agent variable deep placement machine enter field plots, obtain the operating rate of working rig in real time, and the geographical position of computational tasks machine, modifying agent decision information and output motor correspondence rotating speed is executed according to applying the operating unit coding extraction of machine place, drive fertilizer apparatus works, it is achieved variable fertilization amount controls.
Embodiment
The present embodiment is with Manasi, xinjiang river valley Mosuowan irrigated area typical case's salinized farmland for treating improvement district, use induction soil profile salinity monitoring technology that irrigated area different land use type and quality are carried out salinity information gathering, sampled by field investigation, house data processes and numerical simulation and modeling, set up magnetic induction type stratified soil salinity high accuracy and interpret model, application field investigation obtains soil salt magnetic induction type determination data and established stratified soil salinity information interpretation model carries out data interpretation, obtain and treat improvement district's soil salt spatial distribution and seasonal freezing data and achievement.
nullAccording to Mosuowan irrigated area soil property、Vegetation pattern and Land-Use，Selected different land use type (cotton field respectively、Wasteland) and differing texture (sand、Medium loam、Heavy loam) each 6 pieces of plot，Every piece of ground is undertaken choosing 10 points by S type sampling method，Totally 360 as sampled point，EM38 is utilized to measure each some horizontal pattern soil apparent electrical conductivity (EMH) and vertical mode soil apparent electrical conductivity (EMV) respectively，Each measuring point coordinate adopts high-precision GPS location technology to determine，Choose trial zone has the sampling point of representative to carry out earth boring auger stratified sampling simultaneously，Being sampled, (sampling depth divides five layers of 0-20cm to soil within being originally underground 1m、20-40cm、40-60cm、60-80cm、80-100cm)，Respectively autumn in sampling time and spring.
The pedotheque of collection is taken back laboratory, soil sample requires pedotheque carried out to dry in strict accordance with " soil agrochemistry analysis method ", disperses, be configured to the native water extract of (1:5) after sieve (1mm), utilizes prunus mume (sieb.) sieb.et zucc. Teller S230 desk-top conductivity meter to measure the electrical conductivity (EC) of soil extraction.
EM38 earth conductivity instrument is used to measure electrical conductivity, there is a small-sized transmitting coil rear end of EM38, it can produce a time dependent primary magnetic field, this magnetic field induces small electronic eddy current in the earth, and there is a small-sized receiving coil front end of EM38, this accepter had both accepted the magnetic field that transmitting coil produces, and accepted again the secondary magnetic induced by primary magnetic field, measured earth conductivity by measuring the secondary magnetic induced.
Treat improvement district in, according to the Mosuowan Area of Hinterland soil texture, geomorphic feature, salt status, vegetation pattern and the factor such as upgrowth situation and Land-Use, choose representational sample region, utilize EM38 to carry out fixed point to measure, test sample level is 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm, altogether test sample point 360.Minute is spring and autumn respectively, and EM38 measuring method is, at five heights off the ground of 0cm, 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm respectively with the level of EM38 the earth conductivity meter and vertical mode measurement.Every kind of metering system measures 3-5 time respectively, in the hope of the meansigma methods that it is stable.
In the present embodiment, the idiographic flow of setting up of the interpretation model of magnetic inductive stratified soil salinity high accuracy interpretation module is shown in Fig. 2.
With EMH, EMV of the EM38 sample point measured for independent variable (x), with each soil layer soil conductivity EC (soil water extract electrical conductivity) for dependent variable (y), set up the fit equation of soil conductivity EC and soil apparent electrical conductivity EMH, EMV respectively, choose optimum interpretation model.
The present embodiment is pressed the optimum EC of different soils quality and is interpreted model such as shown in table 1-3；Model is interpreted such as shown in table 4-5 by the optimum EC of different land use type.Wherein, X1 represents soil vertical bulk electrical conductivity, and X2 represents the horizontal bulk electrical conductivity of soil, Y represents soil conductivity EC.
Table 1 sandy soil each soil layer optimum EC forecast model
Table 2 medium loam each soil layer optimum EC forecast model
Table 3 heavy loam each soil layer optimum EC forecast model
Table 4 wasteland each soil layer optimum EC forecast model
Table 5 wasteland each soil layer optimum EC forecast model
The invention have the benefit that solving the uneven modifying agent variable caused of salt-soda soil salinity spatial distribution applies a difficult problem, achieve the height by plot salinity to carry out salt-soda soil on-demand applying modifying agent, reach to reduce and put into, increase the benefit, improvement salt-soda soil is effective, rational in infrastructure, be suitable to promote the use of.
Although have been presented for several embodiments of the present invention herein, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that without departing from the spirit of the invention, it is possible to the embodiments herein is changed.Above-described embodiment is illustrative of, should restriction using the embodiments herein as interest field of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. one kind applies system based on the modifying agent variable of precision agriculture, it is characterised in that include soil salt quick obtaining unit, controller, modifying agent variable deep placement machine；
Described controller includes detecting the velocity measuring module of described modifying agent variable deep placement machine land wheel travel speed, modifying agent sowing amount controls module；Described velocity measuring module electrically connects with described modifying agent variable deep placement machine land wheel；Described modifying agent sowing amount controls module and electrically connects with described modifying agent variable deep placement machine fertilizer apparatus；Described controller is also connected with described soil salt quick obtaining unit.
2. the modifying agent variable based on precision agriculture as claimed in claim 1 applies system, it is characterized in that, described soil salt quick obtaining unit includes induction soil profile salinity information gathering instrument EM38,1 set difference global locator unit, geography information and farming plot, field management subelement, the grid identification of farm work plot and applies decision-making subelement, central processing unit with control subelement, modifying agent variable；Described induction soil profile salinity information gathering instrument EM38,1 set difference global locator unit, geography information manage subelement, the grid identification of farm work plot and control subelement, modifying agent variable and apply decision-making subelement and be connected with described central processing unit respectively with farming plot, field, and described central processing unit is also connected with described controller.
3. the modifying agent variable based on precision agriculture as claimed in claim 2 applies system, it is characterized in that, described modifying agent variable applies decision-making subelement and includes magnetic inductive stratified soil salinity high accuracy interpretation module, for bulk electrical conductivity electromagnetic signal is interpreted as soil salt information.
4. the modifying agent variable based on precision agriculture as claimed in claim 3 applies system, it is characterised in that described magnetic inductive stratified soil salinity high accuracy interpretation module is selected interpret pattern accordingly according to the soil texture, land use pattern, season；The described soil texture includes sandy soil, medium loam, heavy loam；Described land use pattern includes cotton field, wasteland；Described season includes spring, autumn.
5. the modifying agent variable based on precision agriculture as claimed in claim 4 applies system, it is characterised in that the foundation of the interpretation model of described magnetic inductive stratified soil salinity high accuracy interpretation module comprises the following steps:
The soil texture, land use pattern in step one, basis modifying agent region to be applied determine sampled point；
Step 2, classification gather pedotheque, natural air drying, grind and sieve；It is configured to soil water extract, measures the electrical conductivity of soil water extract；
Soil apparent electrical conductivity is measured respectively by vertical mode, horizontal pattern by step 3, a point season at the described modifying agent region EM38 that applies；
Step 4, the native water extract that step 2 is obtained conductivity data and step 3 in the corresponding soils bulk electrical conductivity data that obtain carry out numerical fitting, set up based on horizontal pattern, vertical mode, level of aggregation and vertical three kinds of data separate modes fit equation, determine that the fitting coefficient of corresponding equation, described fit equation include linear equation, logarithmic equation, power equation, exponential equation, binary regression equation respectively；
Step 5, the different fit equation of comparison fitting precision, it is determined that optimum interpretation model；Described optimum interpretation model is for the classification interpretation model of different soils quality, different land use type soil under Various Seasonal.
6. the modifying agent variable based on precision agriculture as claimed in claim 5 applies system, it is characterised in that in described step 2, soil layering is sampled respectively, and sampling depth divides five layers, respectively 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm.
7. the modifying agent variable based on precision agriculture as claimed in claim 1 applies system, it is characterised in that the actuator input of described modifying agent variable deep placement machine is connected with electromotor, and outfan is connected with storage battery；Electric power source distribution device input is connected with storage battery, outfan is connected with pulsqe distributor variable fertilization controller input, velocity sensor and electric power source distribution device, outfan is connected with pulsqe distributor, pulsqe distributor outfan is connected with motor, motor drives displacer axle by shaft joint, connects defeated modifying agent pipe and deep placement modifying agent plough actuator below displacer；Storage battery, variable fertilization controller, electric power source distribution device, pulsqe distributor are arranged on tractor, and velocity sensor is arranged on land wheel, and motor is arranged on described modifying agent variable deep placement main beam.
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| CN113105295A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-13 | 塔里木大学 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil |
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