CN1320188A - 钻井船上拉紧立管的方法和装置 - Google Patents

钻井船上拉紧立管的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1320188A
CN1320188A CN99811399A CN99811399A CN1320188A CN 1320188 A CN1320188 A CN 1320188A CN 99811399 A CN99811399 A CN 99811399A CN 99811399 A CN99811399 A CN 99811399A CN 1320188 A CN1320188 A CN 1320188A
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tooth bar
standpipe
derrick
rig floor
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CN1120284C (zh
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B·埃勒尔特森
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Engineering and Drilling Machinery AS
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/14Racks, ramps, troughs or bins, for holding the lengths of rod singly or connected; Handling between storage place and borehole
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/002Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables specially adapted for underwater drilling
    • E21B19/004Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables specially adapted for underwater drilling supporting a riser from a drilling or production platform
    • E21B19/006Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables specially adapted for underwater drilling supporting a riser from a drilling or production platform including heave compensators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10Nuclear fusion reactors

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Abstract

为了使立管保持在拉紧状态,可将立管固定在与垂直齿条(4)相连接的夹钳机构(5,12)上,上述齿条(4)总是与齿轮(22)相啮合,该齿轮(22)最好由在恒定压力下工作的液压马达(9)以恒定的转矩来驱动。本发明提出使立管处于拉紧状态的装置,该装置具有:多个立式的井架大腿(7);多个置于大腿内的齿条(4);一个用于与立管相互作用并与齿条(4)相连接的夹钳机构(5,12);和设置在井架内用于驱动立式大腿(7)内的齿条(4)的传动机构(9)。

Description

钻井船上拉紧立管的方法和装置
本发明涉及使立管处于拉紧状态和补偿钻台升沉并用于导引设备通过船井(moonpoo1)的装置。
下面参看附图较详细地说明本发明,附图中:
图1是一种井架的侧视图;
图2是一种井架的正视图;
图3是本发明装置的侧视图;
图4是本发明装置的正视图;
图5是本发明装置的详细的侧视图;
图6是本发明装置的详细的正视图;
图7是本发明装置的顶视图;
图8是向钻台看去的井架的顶视图;
图9示出井架和本发明装置的传动机构的细节;
图10是带有传动机构和升沉补偿钻台的本发明装置的剖视图;
图11示出本发明装置的传动机构的细节;
图12是带有传动机构和升沉补偿的钻台的本发明装置的侧剖视图;
图13是本发明的立管夹钳座的顶视图;
图14是立管夹钳座的正视图;
图15是立管夹钳座的侧视图。
图1示出具有在PCT/No/98/00130中所述的上部驱动旋转机的传动机械的井架1。这里对上述传动机械不作更详细说明,因在上述文件中已有明白的说明,可作为参考。图2是井架1的正视图,其中较清楚地示出具有齿条3的传动机械2。图3是本发明装置的侧视图,而图4是本发明装置的正视图,该装置最好具有4个(至少是两个)齿条4,这些齿条4设置成大致互相平行。上述齿条4最好通过较具柔性的铰接头6与夹钳座5相连接。
图5~7更详细地示出本发明的装置,上述齿条4设置成向下进入井架之一部分的空腔内。在本实施例中,每个齿条4被接纳在相应的井架中空大腿7内,这些大腿7构成井架1的栅格结构的一部分。传动机构8(在本实施例中是成对地安置在每个齿轮4之每一侧的8个液压马达9)用于驱动齿条4进入和移出井架大腿7。为了使这8个液压马达9同步运转,可通过轴10和11将它们任意地互相连接。当然,也可通过其他机构例如液压控制的或电子控制的机构使8个马达9达到同步运转。
通过铰接头或者说柔性接头6使4个齿条4固定在夹钳座5上。上述铰接头或者说柔性接头6可以抵消由于齿条4在大腿7内部或外部的平行移动中的微小误差而产生的力。上述夹钳座5具有两个可在下面夹住立管(未示出)的套环的折板12。
传动机构8最好位于钻台13的下方。该钻台13本身也可例如通过液压锁定器14任意地与齿条4自然连接。这样,钻台13便可随着夹钳座5移动,从而可得到自动的升沉补偿。为了调节钻台13的高度,钻台13带有液压气缸15,因此,在微调钻台13的高度时就不需要使液压锁定器从齿条4脱开然后再使之相连接。
图8是钻台13的顶视图,也示出通过井架结构1的部分。该图还示出齿条4进入其中的中空大腿7。当齿条4进入井架大腿7时,在钻台13上方就看不见齿条4,故对操作者没有任何危险,也不占空间。图8还示出一个管排16和一个管式操纵机构17,在钻台13上还设置有台车19用的轨道18,上述台车19用来承载设备进入船井上方的位置。
图9是旋转机20(见图2)的传动机械2的剖视图。该图还示出用于驱动齿条4的液压马达9。
图10示出齿条4的传动机构8的更详细的剖视图,并示出两个安置液压马达9的机械室21,该图还示出使每个机械室21内的马达9互相连接以使它们同步运转的轴10和轴11之端部。图中还示出装有4个液压锁定器14和4个调节高度的液压气缸15的钻台13。
图11示出一个处于齿轮22与齿条4的带齿部分(未示出)相啮合状态的液压马达9。如图所示,轴10和11的端部装有齿轮23和24,该两齿轮与齿条4的带齿部分(未示出)相啮合,在本实施例中,轴10和11与液压马达9不是直接工作连接的,而是与齿条4相啮合。但是,也可考虑使液压马达9之间形成直接的工作连接。
图12是本发明装置的侧剖视图,图中示出液压马达9上的齿轮22,也示出轴11和齿轮23和24,并且示出钻台13。
图13是夹钳座5的顶视图,图14是夹钳座5的前视图,而图15是夹钳座5的侧视图。夹钳折板12上装有相应的液压气缸25。用于使之在水平位置与垂直位置之间摆动,在垂直位置上,夹钳折板12允许立管和其他机械通过它们之间的通道,在水平位置上,夹钳折板12便与停靠在夹钳折板的凹槽26内的立管(未示出)相接合。上述的两个凹槽26共同组成一个大致为圆形的孔,其直径小于立管上的套环,所以该套环可停靠在夹钳折板12的上部。夹钳折板12还带有挡块27,该挡块支持在夹钳座5上,所以由气缸25举起的负荷不是特别大。
本发明装置除了履行立管拉紧装置的功能和作为钻台的升沉补偿器之外,还可履行提升要通过钻井装置和作业船上的船井的设备的功能。为了履行这项功能,夹钳座5可装上一种可与船井壁相接触的辊轮之类的机构。以防止夹钳座5撞击船井壁而使之损坏。这样,就可使例如一个BOP(喷井防止器)安全而平衡地通过船井,在整个下降作业中,BOP都由夹钳座5固紧,直到它通过船底为止。
液压马达9是普通类型的马达,并带有齿轮箱。通过在立管被保持在拉紧状态时使上述马达在恒压下工作、并通过蓄能器连接上述压力,可以方便地使立管得到恒定的拉力。由于该拉力恒定不变,齿条4将总是遵循波形运行,因此,与齿条4相连接的井架也随之呈波形运行。尤其是,在下降软管时更为有利,因为软管可置于钻台上,下降时就不会受到大的负荷。
齿条4最好设计成刚性连接的,但是,对于某些用途也可考虑采用铰链连接。
实际运行表明,处于拉紧状态下的齿条可以毫无困难地承受高达300吨的负荷。

Claims (8)

1.一种使立管保持在拉紧状态的方法,其特征在于,上述立管与连接到垂直齿条(4)上的夹钳机构(5,22)相接合,上述的齿条(4)与齿轮(22)保持常啮合,该齿轮(22)最好通过在恒压下工作的液压马达(9)以恒定转矩来驱动。
2.一种使立管处于拉紧状态的装置,其特征在于,它具有:
位于井架中的立式大腿(7);
位于上述井架大腿(7)内的齿条(4);
结构上可与立管互相作用且与齿条(4)相连接的夹钳机构(5,22);和
设置在井架中用于驱动立式大腿(7)中的齿条(4)的传动机构(9)。
3.根据权利要求2的装置,其特征在于,上述的夹钳机构具有一个带有可与立管相互作用的夹紧件(12)的底座(5)。
4.根据权利要求3的装置,其特征在于,上述的夹紧件呈被支承在上述底座(5)上并可彼此相向地摆动的一些折板(12)的结构形式,每个折板(12)具有一个可与立管的半圆周适配的凹槽(26)。
5.根据权利要求2~4的装置,其特征在于,上述的传动机构(9)包含液压传动马达。
6.根据权利要求2~5的装置,其特征在于,上述的钻台(13)可与上述齿条(4)相连接。
7.根据权利要求6的装置,其特征在于,上述的钻台(13)可通过液压驱动的锁定器(14)与齿条(4)相连接。
8.根据权利要求7的装置,其特征在于,上述钻台(13)通过液压作动气缸(15)与液压驱动的锁定器(14)相连接,故可相对于上述锁定器(14)调节钻台(13)的高度。
CN99811399A 1998-09-25 1999-09-22 钻井船上使立管保持在拉紧状态的方法和装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1120284C (zh)

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CN108026760A (zh) * 2015-09-08 2018-05-11 西部钻探产品有限公司 对井架中设有竖直齿条传动装置的工具进行升沉补偿的设备和方法

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CN108026760A (zh) * 2015-09-08 2018-05-11 西部钻探产品有限公司 对井架中设有竖直齿条传动装置的工具进行升沉补偿的设备和方法

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AU5659599A (en) 2000-05-01
ATE285508T1 (de) 2005-01-15
WO2000022277A1 (en) 2000-04-20
US6708765B1 (en) 2004-03-23
EP1119685A1 (en) 2001-08-01
KR20010075301A (ko) 2001-08-09
MXPA01003033A (es) 2005-08-26
CA2344473A1 (en) 2000-04-20
NZ510467A (en) 2002-11-26
RU2224869C2 (ru) 2004-02-27
NO984474L (no) 2000-03-27
BR9913944A (pt) 2001-06-12
NO984474D0 (no) 1998-09-25
DE69922820D1 (de) 2005-01-27
EP1119685B1 (en) 2004-12-22
AU753639B2 (en) 2002-10-24
ID29447A (id) 2001-08-30
KR100643132B1 (ko) 2006-11-10
CA2344473C (en) 2005-11-22
CN1120284C (zh) 2003-09-03
NO311374B1 (no) 2001-11-19

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