CN1319260A - 显示装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种显示装置,包括一个发光象素的阵列,其中每个象素包括红、绿和蓝色发光体,以及至少另外一个发光体,用于发出一种人眼对其要比红和蓝色发光体中的至少一种所发出的颜色更加敏感的颜色。
Description
本发明涉及显示装置。
任何类型的显示器所达到的效果都受到人类眼睛对不同颜色的灵敏度的影响。图1从总体上说明了光敏曲线,它图示了在可视频谱范围内的眼睛灵敏度。广泛地说,人类眼睛对绿光更为敏感而对红和蓝光则不那么敏感。这意味着,对于红、绿和蓝色发光体,为了要看起来有相同的光强,红色和蓝色发光体必须比绿色发光体更加明亮地发光。一般说来,这要求红和蓝色发光体比绿色发光体消耗更多的功率。
大部分彩色显示装置包括象素的阵列,每一象素包括红、绿和蓝色发光区。每个象素的发光区的亮度由显示控制器单元独立控制以使每个象素发出红、绿和蓝色光强的组合,这在观看者来说就是所需的颜色。
在许多用到显示装置的应用中功率消耗是一个关键因素。由电池供电的设备,例如移动电话和便携式计算机就是例子。在这些应用中有一个特定的趋势,就是减少显示器所用的功率消耗(以流明/瓦特计量)。但是,由于需要额外的功率来使红和蓝光发射看起来和绿光同样强度,所以有必要提出由眼睛对某些颜色的相对的不敏感性所引起的问题。
有许多技术可用来构建显示装置,所有这些技术都面临这一问题。
显示装置中一个特定类别是使用有机材料来发光的那一类别。发光有机材料在PCT/WO90/13148和美国专利4,539,507中有说明,这两者的内容包括于此以供参考。这些器件的基本结构是夹在两个电极中间的发光有机层,例如聚苯撑乙烯(“PPV”)。电极中的一极(阴极)注入负电荷载流子(电子),而另一极(正极)则注入正电荷载流子(空穴)。电子和空穴在有机层内结合而产生光子。在PCT/WO/13148中有机发光材料是一种聚合物。在美国专利4,539,507中有机发光材料是一种称作小分子材料的类型,例如(8羟基喹啉)铝(“Alq3”)。在实际的装置中,电极之一通常是透明的,以允许光子可以从装置逸出。
图2表示一种有机发光器件(“OLED”)的典型截面结构。OLED一般在玻璃或塑料基片1上制造,基片上涂覆透明的第一电极2,例如铟锡氧化物(“ITO”)。这种涂覆的基片可在市场上得到。这种ITO涂覆的基片要涂至少一层电致发光的有机材料的薄膜3并形成第二电极4作为最后一层,这一层一般是金属或合金。可以在器件上加上其它层,例如为了在电极和电致发光材料之间改善电荷的迁移。
按照本发明提供了一种显示装置,包括发光象素的一个阵列,每个象素包括红、绿和蓝色发光体和至少另外一个发光体,用于发出一种颜色,人的眼睛对这种颜色比红和蓝色发光体中至少一种发光体所发出的颜色更加敏感。
除了上面所说的那一种外,还可能有一种或多种合适的发光体,用来发出另外的颜色,人的眼睛对这些颜色比红和蓝色发光体中至少一种发光体所发出的颜色更加敏感。
在另外那些发光体的任何一种所发出的颜色是在红和绿色发光体所发出的颜色之间的情况下,那么那另外一种发光体所发出的颜色最好是对人眼比红色发光体所发颜色更加敏感的那种颜色。在另外那些发光体的任何一种所发出的颜色是在蓝和绿色发光体所发出的颜色之间的情况下,那么那另外一种发光体所发出的颜色最好是对人眼比蓝色发光体所发颜色更加敏感的那种颜色。
可取方法是另外发光体中至少一种所发的颜色是在红和绿色发光体所发颜色之间而另外发光体中至少另外一种所发的颜色是在绿和蓝色发光体所发颜色之间。在一种优选配置中,有五个发光体:红、绿和蓝色发光体及另外两个发光体,其中之一发出的颜色在频谱上位于红和绿色发光体所发颜色之间(例如橙色发光体),另一个发出的颜色在绿和蓝色发光体所发颜色之间(例如淡蓝色发光体)。
显示装置最好包括显示控制器以控制由显示器的发光。显示控制器可以合适地接收一个信号以规定所希望的视觉输出。根据这一信号显示控制器可以适当地控制显示器每一象素的每一发光体的亮度从而使观看者能看到的象素发出了相应的颜色。利用这一方法,象素最好是组合起来显示所希望的视觉输出。
显示控制器最好控制发光体来改进显示装置的功率效率及/或尽可能减小(或明显减小)在显示所需颜色中每个象素所消耗的功率。为了达到这一点,可以控制另外的那些发光体使其优先于红和/或蓝色发光体发光。这对于某些发光颜色可能是不合适的,所以在要由象素显示的颜色不能不用红和/或蓝色发光体的情况下仍旧要使用红和蓝色发光体中的一个或两个都使用时的发光。
每个发光体最好是能由显示控制器独立可控的。这可以利用一个有源矩阵编址方案,在这种情况下在显示装置中最好有薄膜有源矩阵电路,而不那么可取的是利用无源矩阵编址方案。
每个发光体可以使用有机的或无机的材料来发光。每个发光体适宜地包括发光有机材料,例如发光半导体聚合物材料。
不同的材料可以用来产生各种发射颜色。
蓝光发光体最好是深蓝色发光体。红光发光体最好是深红色发光体。对于蓝色和红色发光体合适的颜色的例子是1931CIE方案中x=0.15、y=0.05和x=0.63、y=0.33左右。
显示装置的结构可以是这样的,即每个发光体包括一个发光材料的区。在这个区的任何一侧可有一个电荷载流子注入层或电极。电极的至少一面最好是透光的。电极可以是线性的。一个电极可以和多于一个发光体相接触。装置的两个面上的电极可以是线性的。装置的一个面上的电极和装置另一面上的电极可以是正交的。在电极和发光材料之间可以存在一个或多个电荷迁移层。
用于显示装置各部件的某些优选材料(如果存在的话)如下所示:
·电极中的一个(空穴注入电极)最好其功函数要大于4.3eV。这一层可以包括一种金属氧化物,例如氧化铟锡(“ITO”)或氧化锡(“TO”)或一种高功函数的金属,如金或铂。另一个电极(电子注入电极)最好其功函数要小于3.5eV。这一层可合适地用具有低功函数的金属(钙、钡、钇、钐、锂等)制成,或者由多层结构的一种合金制成,它包括这些金属中的一种或多种以及优选地和其它金属(例如铝)在一起。至少一种电极层是适合于透过光线的,并且最好是透明的,适用于从一个或多个发光区发射的光线的频率。
·该或每一种电荷迁移层可以适当地包括一种或多种聚合物,例如聚苯乙烯磺酸掺杂的聚乙烯双氧噻吩(“PEDOT-PSS”)、聚(2,7-(9,9-二正辛芴(di-n-octylfluorene))-(1,4-亚苯基-(4-亚氨基(苯甲酸))-1,4-亚苯基-(4-氨基(苯甲酸)-1,4-亚苯基)))(“BFA”)、聚苯胺以及PPV。
·该或每一种有机发光材料可以包括一种或多种个别的有机材料,合适的是聚合物,它们最好是全部或部分地共轭的聚合物。合适的材料包括任何组合的一种或多种下列材料:聚对亚苯基亚乙烯基(“PPV”)、聚(2-甲氧基-5(2′-乙基)己基羟基苯撑乙烯)(“MEV-PPV”)、一种或多种PPV衍生物(例如双烷氧基或双烷基衍生物)、聚芴和/或包括聚芴片段的共聚物、PPV类和相关的共聚物、聚(2,7-(9,9-二正辛芴)-(1,4-亚苯基-((4-次丁基苯基)亚氨基)-1,4-亚苯基))(“TFB”)、聚(2,7-(9,9-二正辛芴)-(1,4-亚苯基-((4-甲基苯基)亚氨基)-1,4-亚苯基-((4-甲基苯基)亚氨基)-1,4-亚苯基))(“PEM”)、聚(2,7-(9,9-二正辛芴)-(1,4-亚苯基-((4-甲基苯基)亚氨基)-1,4-亚苯基-((4-甲基苯基)亚氨基)-1,4-亚苯基)(“PFMO”)、聚(2,7-(9,9-二正辛芴))(“F8”)或(2,7-(9,9-二正辛芴)-3,6-苯并硫重氮基)(“F8BT”)。可替代的材料包括小分子材料,如Alq3。
按照本发明的第二方面,提供了一种包括如上所述的显示装置的电子装置。
现在将以举例方式结合附图来说明本发明,在附图中:
图3表示显示装置的部分的原理示意图;
图4表示图3中的显示装置的一部分在线A-A′上的原理截面图;以及
图5表示1931CIE色度图,它表示从显示器各区发出的颜色。
图3和4的装置是一种有机发光装置,其中每个象素包括5个相邻的发光区,它们的每一个具有不同的发光颜色。每一象素的41区发红光,42区发橙红色光,43区发绿光,44区发蓝白色,而45区发蓝光。因此,41、43和45区和传统器件中的红、绿和蓝色发光区相似,但除此以外有区42,它发射的颜色在区41和43所发出的颜色之间并且比区41位于光敏曲线的更加敏感的区域,还有区44,它发出的颜色位于区43和45所发颜色之间,并比区45位于光敏曲线的更加敏感的区域。这些区可以由显示控制器50独立地控制。显示控制器可以利用从区42和44的发光来代替(或加上)分别从区41和45所发出的光以便以更高的功率效率来发出颜色。
图5以1931CIE色度图例子的形式表示显示器各区所发出的颜色。区41的红色示于41a,区42的橙红色示于42a,区43的绿色示于43a,区44的蓝白色示于44a,而区45的蓝色示于45a。标准的白色一般示于60。优选的方式是区42和44所发的颜色应该这样来选择以便通过对区42、43和44所发的颜色的组合就可以产生白色。为了产生更好的白色(利用在更广泛的频率范围的发光)区42和44可以比典型的红、绿和蓝发光体发出更宽的频带的光。作为一个具体的例子,从区42和44之一或两者一起的发光可以比从区41、43和45的一个、两个或三个一起所发的光有更宽的频带,至少在具有主要发光的频率方面是这样。
现在更详细地说明图3和4的显示装置。
图3表示装置的部分的平面图。该装置总体上是平的,并包括按行和列的正交阵列布置的多个要素。图中只有一个象素是完整地显示的。
图4显示装置的部分的截面。该装置包括一个透明层10,它提供装置在使用时的前正面。这个透明层可以用例如玻璃或塑料形成。
在透明层后面的是一系列并行的行电极11-17,由诸如ITO这样的透明导电材料形成。行电极是相互隔开的使得每个电极和其它电极是电绝缘的。行电极的每一个都独立地连接到显示控制器50。
在行电极的后面是电荷迁移层40,由例如聚苯乙烯磺酸掺杂的聚乙烯双氧噻吩(PEDOT-PSS)形成。它协助电荷从电极11-17迁移到发光区19-25并对电荷的反向流动提供势垒,从而改善了电荷在发光区的重新结合。
在电荷迁移层之后是发光层,总体上表示为18。发光层划分成分开的区域19-25,它们可以发出不同颜色的光。区域19和24能够发出蓝色,区域20和25能够发出红光,区域21能够发出橙红色,区域22能够发出绿光,而区域23能够发出蓝白光。用于区域19-25的合适材料的例子为如下所示:
19和24: 在聚二辛基亚苯基噻吩(DOPT)中的聚芴(F8);
20和25: 氰基PPV/TFB;
21: MEH-氰基PPV/TFB/F8;
22: TFB/5F8BT;
23: PFMO/TFB/F8
(5F8BT指的是F8掺以5%的F8BT)。
在发光层的后面是一系列并行的列电极26-28,由例如靠近发光层的80纳米厚的钙层紧接着200纳米厚的铝层所形成。列电极与行电极成正交。列电极是相互隔开的以使它们相互是电绝缘的。每一个列电极都独立地连接到显示控制器50。
每个发光区域位于一对行和列电极之间,因此可以由显示控制器50用一个无源矩阵编方案编址。在无源矩阵编址方案中显示控制器将一个比较高的电压轮流加到每条行线上。当高电压加到每个行电极上时,控制器把一个较低电压加到列电极上。这些较低电压设置成能使在行电极和相应列电极的交点上的发光区域发出所需强度的光。经过该行选中的发光区域发出所需强度的光。经过该行选中的发光区域发光的一个短暂时间后,下一行电极被选址且相应的电压再次加到列电极上。当所有行电极都以这种方式选址后,该过程就重复。
显示控制器在29接收显示数据信号,它规定了要由显示装置显示的图象。显示数据信号可以从例如计算机的显示输出或电视信号解码器或电话机的微处理器接收。在显示控制器中解码单元30将显示数据信号解码以确定每个象素所需要发出的颜色从而能显示由显示数据信号所规定的图象。这些颜色被传送到颜色分离单元31,它利用下面将要详细介绍的过程来确定为了产生该颜色象素的五个发光区域所需要的发光强度。对于每一个发光区域的这些强度都存在存储器31中。显示驱动器要访问存储器31。显示驱动器32扫描各条行线并将相应的电压以无源矩阵编址的方式加到各列线上以使各个发光区域以所需的强度发光。在这种方式下各象素被驱动从而使观察者能看到所需的发射颜色。
分离单元31所采用的过程的目标是通过利用从发光区域2和4的发光优先于从发光区域1和5的发光,使得与传统的红/绿/蓝显示器相比能减小显示器的功率消耗。由于眼睛对区域2和4所发出的颜色比起由区域1和5的颜色更加敏感,因此这就可以让显示器的功耗减小。当然,还是有需要使用区域1和5来产生那些不能用区2、3和4所发出的颜色的组合来产生的颜色。从区1相对于区2和从区4相对于区5发光的确切权重可以方便地由实验来确定以便对任何具体类型的装置做到功耗为最小。不过,一个优选的解决方法是除了对于产生所需颜色是必不可少的以外要避免使用从区1和5的发光。在许多应用中,计算机显示经常显示大的白色或近于白色的区域。图3的装置可以不用从区域1、3和5共同发光来实现白色显示而是用区2、3和4的共同发光来达到功率效率的明显提高。
为了制造这种装置,要清楚市场上可得到的ITO玻璃片然后在上面刻图以产生行电极。然后发光材料的区域被沉积在行电极上,例如用发光聚合物材料以喷墨方法喷在它们的位置上。最后用首先蒸钙然后再蒸铝的方法沉积阴极,装置用密封封装在玻璃/树脂封装剂中。
下面将说明上面所述的装置的几种变型。
电极可以反向,这样列电极就在发光材料的前面而行电极在其后面和/或列电极是阳极而行电极是阴极。
无源矩阵方案可以扫描列而不扫描行。除了无源矩阵编址方案外,另一种方案,例如有源矩阵编址方案也可以使用。这可以通过在显示板上提供薄膜晶体管(TFT)来安排。
在区1-5中的发光材料的形状、面积和厚度可以是相同的或者也可以是不同的,以便优化装置的功率效率。发光区域可以安排在另一个的顶上而不是在侧面,只要覆盖区的材料不会因吸收由在下面各层所发出的光而使装置的性能变坏就可以。
可以在一个或多个发光区域和任一个或两个电极之间提供电荷迁移层。电荷迁移层能够改善从电极到发光区域的电荷迁移及/或抵制电荷在相反方向的通过。
该装置可以使用不同的发光工艺,例如它可以使用无机材料来发光。
本发明可以包括任何在这里内含地或明显地在此公开的特点或各种特点的组合或它们的概括而不论它是否涉及到现在所提出权利要求的发明。根据上面的叙述,对于熟悉本技术的人员来说,很明显,可以在本发明的范围之内进行各种修改。
Claims (12)
1.一种显示装置,包括一个发光象素的阵列,其中每个象素包括红、绿和蓝发光体,以及至少另外一个发光体,用于发出一种人的眼睛对其要比红和蓝色发光体中至少一种发光体所发出的颜色更加敏感的颜色。
2.如权利要求1所述的显示装置,其中另外的发光体所发出的颜色在频谱上位于红和绿色发光体所发出的颜色之间而且是人眼对它要比对红色发光体所发颜色更加敏感的一种颜色。
3.如权利要求1所述的显示装置,其中另外的发光体所发出的颜色在频谱上位于蓝和绿色发光体所发出的颜色之间而且是人眼对它要比对蓝色发光体所发颜色更加敏感的一种颜色。
4.如权利要求2所述的显示装置,包括另外的第二发光体,用于发出的颜色在频谱上位于蓝和绿色发光体所发出的颜色之间而且是人眼对它要比对蓝色发光体所发颜色更加敏感的一种颜色。
5.如前面任何一项权利要求所述的显示装置,包括一个显示控制器用于接收限定所需视觉输出的信号和控制每个发光体的亮度以使该像素阵列显示该视觉输出。
6.如作为权利要求4的从属权利要求5所述的显示装置,其中的显示控制器控制另外的发光体和另外的第二发光体优先于控制红和蓝色发光体,以便明显地最大限度地提高显示装置的功率效率。
7.如权利要求4或5所述的显示装置,其中每个发光体是可以由显示控制器独立控制的。
8.如前面任何一项权利要求所述的显示装置,其中每个发光体包括发光的有机材料。
9.如权利要求8所述的显示装置,其中该发光有机材料是半导体聚合物材料。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的显示装置,其中每一种类型的发光体包括一种相应的发光有机材料。
11.一种电子设备,包括如前面任何一项权利要求所述的显示装置。
12.一种显示装置,基本上如在这里参照附图中的图3和4所叙述的。
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CN101958098B (zh) * | 2006-06-19 | 2016-03-16 | 夏普株式会社 | 显示装置 |
CN101984487A (zh) * | 2010-11-02 | 2011-03-09 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | 主动式矩阵有机发光二极管显示面板的驱动方法 |
CN101984487B (zh) * | 2010-11-02 | 2013-05-22 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | 主动式矩阵有机发光二极管显示面板的驱动方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU5434399A (en) | 2000-03-14 |
WO2000011728A1 (en) | 2000-03-02 |
KR20070086784A (ko) | 2007-08-27 |
GB9818092D0 (en) | 1998-10-14 |
CN1160807C (zh) | 2004-08-04 |
US6693611B1 (en) | 2004-02-17 |
EP1114473B1 (en) | 2015-02-18 |
KR20010079664A (ko) | 2001-08-22 |
JP2002523807A (ja) | 2002-07-30 |
JP3504922B2 (ja) | 2004-03-08 |
KR100833336B1 (ko) | 2008-05-29 |
EP1114473A1 (en) | 2001-07-11 |
KR100864545B1 (ko) | 2008-10-21 |
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