CN1317986C - 含控释香料的电加热的香烟,其制法和用途 - Google Patents
含控释香料的电加热的香烟,其制法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1317986C CN1317986C CNB2003801024395A CN200380102439A CN1317986C CN 1317986 C CN1317986 C CN 1317986C CN B2003801024395 A CNB2003801024395 A CN B2003801024395A CN 200380102439 A CN200380102439 A CN 200380102439A CN 1317986 C CN1317986 C CN 1317986C
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- electrically heated
- cigarette
- heated cigarette
- flavoring
- spices
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/281—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances the action of the chemical substances being delayed
- A24B15/282—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances the action of the chemical substances being delayed by indirect addition of the chemical substances, e.g. in the wrapper, in the case
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/281—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances the action of the chemical substances being delayed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/281—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances the action of the chemical substances being delayed
- A24B15/283—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances the action of the chemical substances being delayed by encapsulation of the chemical substances
- A24B15/284—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances the action of the chemical substances being delayed by encapsulation of the chemical substances the additive being bound to a host by chemical, electrical or like forces, e.g. use of precursors, inclusion complexes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
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- A24C5/01—Making cigarettes for simulated smoking devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/08—Cigars; Cigarettes with lighting means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/20—Cigarettes specially adapted for simulated smoking devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/17—Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices
Abstract
在电吸烟体系中使用的电加热的香烟包括香料释放添加剂和有效地除去主流烟草烟雾中的一种或多种气相成分的吸附剂。香料释放添加剂包括至少一种香料。在冒烟过程中,一旦香料释放添加剂达到至少最低温度,则在吸烟内的香料被释放。香料释放添加剂可具有各种形式,其中包括,例如小球、薄膜和包合络合物。还提供包括电加热的香烟的电吸烟体系、制造该香烟的方法和使该香烟冒烟的方法。
Description
背景技术
[0001]通过点燃包缠的烟草棒的一端和主要通过抽吸香烟的烟嘴端,经点燃端吸入空气,从而使常规的香烟冒烟。常规的香烟因燃烧导致释放烟雾,在燃烧过程中,在一口烟期间,烟草在典型地超过800℃的温度下燃烧。燃烧热释放出各种气体燃烧产物并从烟草中析出挥发物。由于这些气体产物从香烟中引出,因此它们冷却并冷凝形成气溶胶,所述气溶胶提供与烟雾相关的香味和芳香。
[0002]常规的香烟在闷烧过程中,在抽吸的数口烟之间,产生侧流烟雾。一旦点燃,它们通常被完全消耗或丢弃。再点燃常规香烟是可能的,但由于主观的原因,其中包括香味、味道和气味,这不是所需的。
[0003]更常规的香烟的替代方案是在电吸烟体系中使用的电加热香烟。与常规的香烟相比,电吸烟体系显著降低侧流烟雾,和还允许吸烟者视需要暂停和再开始吸烟。在共同受让的美国专利Nos.6026820、5988176、5915387、5692526、5692525、5666976、5499636和5388594中公开了例举的电吸烟体系,每一篇在此通过参考全文引入。电吸烟体系包括电驱动的打火机和电加热的香烟,所述电加热的香烟被构造为与打火机相配合。希望电吸烟体系能以类似于利用常规香烟时吸烟者的经验的方式传输烟雾,例如通过提供即刻应答(一旦抽吸烟雾吸附立即发生),所需的传输程度(与FTC焦油程度相关)、所需的抗抽吸性(RTD)以及一口烟与一口烟和香烟与香烟之间的一致性。
[0004]已将各种香料掺入到常规的香烟中,以增加主流和侧流烟草烟雾的香味和芳香。参见,例如美国专利Nos.3006347、3236244、3344796、3426011、3972335、4715390、5137034、5144964和6325859和共同拥有的国际公布No.WO01/80671。当香烟冒烟时外加的香料所需地挥发。然而,挥发性香料倾向于在香烟内迁移到其它组分上和可能穿过整根香烟。在香烟冒烟之前,在通常条件下,在储存和分配过程中,各种挥发性香料从香烟中损失。挥发性香料在香烟内的迁移程度取决于不同的因素,其中包括香料的蒸汽压、香料在香烟内的其它组分中的溶解度,和温度以及湿度条件。另外,在常规的香烟中,大部分外加的香料损失于侧流烟雾中。
[0005]已掺入到常规香烟内的香料通过与香烟中的其它组分以及与环境,接触和/或反应,也可化学和/或物理地劣化。例如,将活性炭掺入到常规香烟内,从主流烟雾中除去气相成分。然而,与活性炭一起掺入到香烟内的香料被活性炭吸附,从而堵塞活性炭的孔隙和因此使活性炭失活,进而减少它过滤烟草烟雾的能力。
[0006]由于前述原因,已掺入到常规香烟内的香料并没有完全令人满意地传输给吸烟者。因此,掺入到一些常规香烟内的香料尚未提供吸烟者所需的味道效果,和香料的所需价值对香烟的客观质量不那么理想。由于香料损失,加味香烟的均匀度并不完全令人满意。另外,在香烟内的吸附剂吸附的香料使吸附剂失活,进而降低它们从烟草烟雾中除去气相成分的能力。
概述
[0007]鉴于在包括香料的一些常规香烟和还包括吸附剂的那些中遇到的以上所述的问题,提供电加热的香烟,所述电加热的香烟包括吸附剂和控释香料。在一个优选的实施方案,电加热的香烟包括吸附剂和掺入到香烟内的下述形式的香料,其中在冒烟之前,例如在环境条件下,所述形式优选最小化香烟内的香料释放和迁移,和因此优选最小化因香料导致的吸附剂的失活。另外,优选在吸烟过程中香料以控制的方式在香烟内释放。因此,香料优选提高香烟的客观特征,同时吸附剂维持它从主流烟雾中除去气相成分的能力。
[0008]电加热的香烟的优选实施方案包括至少一种吸附剂和含一种或多种香料的香料释放添加剂。一旦香料释放添加剂被加热到在香烟冒烟过程中出现的至少最低温度下,则香料在香烟内可释放。
[0009]在电加热的香烟内掺入各种形式的香料释放添加剂。在一个优选的实施方案中,香料释放添加剂包括小球。在另一优选的实施方案中,香料释放添加剂是薄膜。在又一优选的实施方案中,香料释放添加剂是包合络合物,所述包合络合物包括选择的寄主分子和在该包合络合物内作为客体分子的香料。
[0010]在另一优选的实施方案中,具有不同的香料释放温度的两种或多种不同的香料释放添加剂位于可彼此达到不同温度的电加热香烟内的不同位置处。在电加热香烟内,香料释放添加剂可位于对于那些香料释放添加剂来说达到香料释放温度的位置处。因此,在冒烟过程中,香料释放添加剂可提供香料的有效、控制释放。
[0011]电加热香烟可包括各种吸附剂。通过在香料释放添加剂内提供香料,所述香料释放添加剂优选最小化香料的释放和/或迁移,直到香料释放添加剂达到香料释放温度,香料优选基本上防止吸附剂的吸附并因此防止吸附剂的失活,从而没有负面影响吸附剂从主流烟草烟雾中除去选择气相成分的能力。另外,由于香料在香烟内受温度释放,因此在香烟的多口抽吸循环过程中,它可有效地以控制方式传输给吸烟者。
[0012]电吸烟体系的优选实施方案包括打火机和至少一种电加热的香烟,所述香烟包括至少一种吸附剂和香料释放添加剂。
[0013]制造电加热香烟的方法的优选实施方案包括将吸附剂和香料释放添加剂掺入到电加热香烟内。
附图简述
[0014]图1示出了具有处于部分未组装状况的香烟的电吸烟体系中使用的电加热香烟的优选实施方案。
[0015]图2示出了处于组装状况下的图1所示的电加热香烟,其中香烟的一端接触电吸烟体系的电操作的打火机的止动件。
[0016]图3示出了具有处于部分未组装状况的香烟的电吸烟体系中使用的电加热香烟的另一优选实施方案。
[0017]图4示出了电吸烟体系的优选实施方案,其具有插入到电操作的打火机内的电加热的香烟。
[0018]图5示出了图4所示的电吸烟体系和从打火机中抽出的香烟。
[0019]图6示出了电吸烟体系的加热器夹具。
优选实施方案的详细说明
[0020]电加热香烟包括一种或多种吸附剂和影响烟草烟雾的香味、味道和/或芳香味的至少一种香料。在一个优选的实施方案中,香料被掺入到香烟内的香料释放添加剂中,所述香料释放添加剂优选在吸烟之前最小化香烟内香料的释放和/或迁移。优选地,在香烟冒烟过程中,香料从香料释放添加剂中以控制的方式释放。香料释放添加剂能使香料提高香烟的客观特征,同时在从主流烟雾中除去选择气相成分中避免负面影响吸附剂的有效性。
[0021]在电加热香烟的优选实施方案中,一旦香料释放添加剂被加热到当吸烟者通过香烟吸入主流烟雾时出现的至少最低温度时(香料释放温度),香料在香烟内释放。
[0022]已证明,当吸烟者吸烟时,电加热的香烟中的不同区域达到不同的温度。在一个优选的实施方案中,不同的香料释放添加剂选择地位于电加热香烟内的两个或多个位置处,这些位置分别达到香料从于该位置处布置的香料释放添加剂中释放时的至少最低温度。通过在香烟内选择定位香料释放添加剂,在香烟过程中,香烟可提供香料的有效、控释释放。
[0023]香料释放添加剂可具有各种结构和组成,和可位于一个或多个位置处,和/或掺入到电加热香烟内的一种或多种组分中。可设计香料释放添加剂具有不同关联的香料释放温度。因此,可在最适于提供从特定的香料释放添加剂中有效释放香料的位置处,将香料释放添加剂掺入到电加热的香烟内。
[0024]电加热的香烟可包括能从主流烟雾中除去选择的气相成分的一种或多种吸附剂。通过在香料释放添加剂内提供香料,所述香料释放添加剂优选最小化香烟内香料的释放和/或迁移,直到香料释放添加剂达到至少最低温度之前,香料优选基本上防止吸附剂失活。因此,可维持吸附剂从主流烟草烟雾中除去选择的气相成分的能力。优选地,香料释放添加剂能使香料以控制的方式有效地传输给吸烟者。
[0025]此处所使用的术语“吸附”是指通过吸收导致的过滤和/或吸附。吸附拟包括在吸附剂的外表面上的相互作用,以及在吸附剂的孔隙和通道内的相互作用。换句话说,“吸附剂”是一种物质,它能在其表面上凝结或把持其它物质的分子和/或能吸收其它物质,即通过其它物质渗透到其结构内或其孔隙内。此处所使用的术语“吸附剂”是指或者吸附剂、吸收剂,或者可充当吸附剂和吸收剂这二者的物质。
[0026]此处所使用的术语“除去”是指主流烟草烟雾的至少一部分组分的吸收和/或吸附。
[0027]术语“主流烟雾”包括向下流过烟草棒并经过滤端流出的混合物,即在香烟冒烟过程中从香烟的嘴端流出或引出的烟雾量。主流烟雾含有经香烟的加热区域和经纸张包装引入的空气。
[0028]此处所使用的术语“分子筛”是指由无机材料和/或有机材料组成的多孔结构。分子筛包括天然和合成材料。分子筛可吸附一些尺寸的分子,同时拒绝具有较大尺寸的分子。
[0029]图1和2示出了电加热香烟23的优选实施方案。然而,应当理解,电加热香烟具有适合于在电驱动的打火机内冒烟的其它结构。电加热的香烟23包括烟草棒60和通过过滤嘴纸张64连接在一起的过滤嘴62。烟草棒60优选包括在一端的绕自由流动的过滤器74折叠成管状形式的烟草网幅或“织物”66,和在另一端的烟草栓80。
[0030]外包装71围绕含烟草的织物66并沿纵向接缝连接在一起。外包装71使处于包缠状况的织物66围绕自由流动的过滤器74和烟草栓80。
[0031]织物66优选包括基础网幅68和一层烟草材料70。烟草材料70可沿基础网幅68的内表面或外表面布置。在烟草棒60的过滤嘴端,织物66和外包装71绕自由流动的过滤器栓74包缠。优选地,烟草栓80包括短切填充烟草的相对短的烟草柱82,它通过周围的内包装84得以保持。
[0032]孔隙90在自由流动的过滤器74和烟草栓80之间。孔隙90是烟草棒60的未填充部分且与过滤嘴62经自由流动的过滤器74流体互通。
[0033]过滤嘴62优选包括与烟草棒60相邻布置的自由流动的过滤器92和在过滤嘴62远离烟草棒60的一端的烟嘴过滤器栓94。优选地,自由流动的过滤器92为管状且以非常低的压降传输空气。烟嘴过滤器栓94密闭过滤嘴62的自由端。
[0034]香烟23任选地包括与香烟23的自由端15相邻的至少一排孔12。孔可形成为狭缝17,所述狭缝优选延伸经过外包装71、织物66和内包装84。
[0035]为了进一步改进传输,含狭缝17的至少一排额外的孔14可任选地沿着烟草栓80的位置上形成。孔12或14可包括单排或双排狭缝17。可选择狭缝17的数量和程度以控制沿着香烟23的侧流的抗抽吸性(RTD)和传输。
[0036]在织物66内提供的任选的空穴16被外包装71覆盖。可使用孔12、14接近香烟23的所需传输水平,和使用空穴16,在对RTD的较少影响下调节传输。
[0037]香烟23优选沿其长度具有基本上恒定的直径。香烟23的直径,象更常规的香烟一样,优选介于约7.5mm至8.5mm,以便在吸烟过程中,电吸烟体系21提供吸烟者熟悉的“嘴感”。
[0038]烟草柱82优选包括烟草的典型共混物的短切填料,如含透亮、Burley和Oriental烟草以及任选地翻造烟草和包括常规的香烟香料在内的其它共混物组分的共混物。
[0039]自由流动的过滤器92和烟嘴过滤器栓94优选以含栓包缠物(plug wrap)101的结合栓形式连接在一起。栓包缠物101优选是多孔、低重量的栓包缠物。结合的栓通过过滤嘴纸张64连接到烟草棒60上。
[0040]如上所述,电加热的香烟23可包括除去烟草烟雾中的气相成分的一种或多种吸附剂。吸附剂可包括烟草烟雾可通过其中流动的一种或多种多孔材料。在一个优选的实施方案中,吸附剂是活性炭。例如,吸附剂可包括位于过滤器孔隙内的活性炭颗粒,或负载在纤维材料或纸张上的活性炭。活性炭可以是各种形式,其中包括颗粒、纤维和小球等。活性炭可具有不同的孔隙度特征,如选择的孔径和总的孔隙体积。
[0041]在另一优选的实施方案中,吸附剂是一种或多种合适的分子筛吸附剂材料。可在电加热香烟23中使用的分子筛吸附剂包括,但不限于,一种或多种沸石、中孔硅酸盐、磷酸铝、中孔硅铝酸盐和可任选地进一步包括无机或有机离子和/或金属的其它相关的多孔材料,如混合的氧化物凝胶。参见,例如共同拥有的国际公布No.WO01/80973,在此通过参考将其全文引入。
[0042]在一个优选的实施方案中,吸附剂是一种或多种沸石。沸石包括具有孔隙,如均匀的通道和/或空腔、分子大小的尺寸的结晶硅铝酸盐。存在具有不同尺寸和成型孔隙的许多已知的独特沸石结构,它们可显著影响这些材料关于吸附和分离工艺方面的性能。可通过与孔隙内分子的可能取向相关的尺寸和形状效果,和/或通过吸附强度的差别,通过沸石来分离分子。可在电加热的香烟23中使用一种或多种沸石,所述沸石的孔隙大于气体的一种或多种希望被过滤的选择气相成分,以便仅仅足够小到经过分子筛孔隙的选择分子能进入空腔和吸附在沸石上。
[0043]沸石可以是,但不限于,一种或多种沸石A;沸石X;沸石Y;沸石K-G;沸石ZK-5;沸石BETA;沸石ZK-4和沸石ZSM-5。在一个优选的实施方案中,使用沸石ZSM-5和/或沸石BETA。ZSM-5在MFI结构分类组内和用晶体化学数据[Nan(AlnSi96-nO192)~16H2O,其中n<27,正交,Pnma]表示,而沸石BETA在BEA结构分类组内和用晶体化学数据[Na7(Al7Si57O128)正方形,P4122]表示。这两种沸石在最多约800℃的温度下稳定,从而允许它们掺入到香烟过滤器和/或电加热的香烟23的烟草棒内。
[0044]在另一优选的实施方案中,掺入到电加热的香烟23内的吸附剂具有复合的组成。在这一实施方案中,吸附剂包括,例如活性炭和一种或多种分子筛材料,如以上所述的那些。例如,吸附剂纤维可用至少一种吸附剂浸渍。
[0045]可在电加热的香烟23中使用微孔、中孔和/或大孔分子筛,这取决于希望从主流烟草烟雾中除去的所选组分。
[0046]吸附剂可掺入到电加热的香烟23的一个或多个位置内。例如,吸附剂可放置在管状自由流动的过滤器74的通路内、自由流动的过滤器92内,和/或孔隙空间90内。吸附剂可另外或或者掺入到烟草栓80内。
[0047]图3示出了包括过滤器150的电加热香烟23的另一优选的实施方案。过滤器150包括取向纤维152形式的吸附剂,和围绕纤维的套管154,如纸张。吸附剂可以是例如一种或多种活性炭、硅胶、沸石和纤维形式的其它分子筛。吸附剂可以是表面改性的材料,例如表面改性的硅胶,如氨基丙基甲硅烷基(APS)硅胶。吸附剂混合物可提供不同的过滤特征以实现目标过滤的主流烟雾组成。
[0048]或者,纤维152可包括一种或多种吸附剂材料,如碳、氧化硅、和沸石等、浸渍在微空腔内的纤维,如TRIADTM微空腔纤维,正如在共同拥有的国际公布No.WO01/80973中所述。在一个优选的实施方案中,纤维是用一种或多种吸附剂材料的颗粒浸渍的成型微空腔纤维,或者连续的活性炭纤维。纤维优选具有约10微米-约100微米的直径。纤维可具有例如约10微米-约200微米的长度。
[0049]在另一优选的实施方案中,纤维是成束的非连续纤维,它们优选平行于通过电加热的香烟的主流烟雾流动的方向取向。
[0050]可例如在过滤器的制造工艺过程中,通过拉伸优选具有控制的总的和每根长丝纤度(但尼尔)的成束的非卷曲的吸附剂纤维材料经过预成形或就地成形的套管154,从而形成含纤维152的过滤器150。可通过切割到所需长度,按尺寸制造成形的过滤器。例如,过滤器可具有约5mm-约30mm的长度。
[0051]含纤维152的过滤器150可掺入到电加热的香烟内的一个或多个所需的位置处。同样参考图1和2,在一个优选的实施方案中,过滤器150可替代整个自由流动的过滤器92。在另一优选的实施方案中,自由流动的过滤器150可替代一部分的自由流动的过滤器92。过滤器150可与位于自由流动的过滤器74和烟嘴过滤器栓94之间的自由流动的过滤器74接触(即毗邻),或者与烟嘴过滤器栓94接触(即毗邻)。过滤器150优选具有与自由流动的过滤器92的外径基本上相等的直径,以最小化在过滤工艺过程中烟雾的侧流。
[0052]纤维吸附剂优选具有高的纤维回弹力和合适的填充密度与纤维长度,以便在纤维之间产生平行的通路。这种结构体可优选地除去大量选择的气相成分,如甲醛和/或丙烯醛,同时优选从烟雾中除去仅仅微量的粒状物质,从而实现选择的气相成分的显著下降,同时没有显著影响气体内的总粒状物质(TPM)。优选足够低的填充密度和足够短的纤维长度,以实现这种过滤性能。
[0053]在电加热的香烟23的优选实施方案中使用的吸附剂的用量取决于在烟草烟雾内的选择气相成分的含量和希望从烟草烟雾中除去的成分的含量。
[0054]如上所述,电加热的香烟23还包括至少一种香料释放添加剂。香料可以是,例如一种或多种香料,其中包括,但不限于,薄荷醇、薄荷(mint),如薄荷(peppermint)和薄荷(spearmint)、巧克力、甘草、柠檬和其它水果香料,γ辛内酯、香草醛、乙基香草醛、呼吸清新剂香料、辛辣香料,如肉桂、水杨酸甲酯、里哪醇、香柠檬油、香叶油、柠檬油、姜油和烟草香料。在一个优选的实施方案中,香料是薄荷醇和任选地至少一种薄荷香料。
[0055]如上所述,在电加热香烟内,香料释放添加剂可具有不同的结构和组成。在一个优选的实施方案中,香料释放添加剂为小球形式。小球优选包缠香料和在抽吸的多口烟的循环过程中,在香烟内提供香料的控制释放。
[0056]小球优选包括至少一种包封材料和至少一种香料。包封材料优选包括粘合剂,所述粘合剂可以是例如一种或多种棕榈油、魔芋胶、木糖醇、玉米蛋白、羟丙基纤维素、山梨醇、麦芽糖醇和羟丙基甲基纤维素。也可任选地将可改进包封材料的成球特征或者提高其稳定性的本领域已知的其它材料加入到小球内。在一个优选的实施方案中,球具有其中香料基本上均匀地分布的基本上均匀的组成。利用这种结构,可以在吸烟过程中以更均匀的方式从小球中释放出香料。
[0057]取决于小球的组成,可调节小球释放香料时的温度。含一种或多种以上所述的粘合剂的小球优选具有至少40℃,如约40℃-约150℃的释放香料的最低温度。小球保护香料避免暴露于大气(例如在包装内的环境空气)中非所需的物质下和香烟内的非所需的物质下,和优选最小化香料的释放和/或迁移,直到在香烟的冒烟过程中,香料释放添加剂被加热到充分高的温度下。因此,香料优选显著防止香烟内的迁移,与香烟内的其它物质或与环境反应,和使香烟内存在的吸附剂失活。
[0058]小球可具有任何所需的形状,如不同的规则和不规则形状,其中包括圆形、正方形、矩形、椭圆形、其它多边形、圆柱形和纤维等。小球可具有各种尺寸。优选地,小球是最大粒度小于约25微米,和更优选小于约1微米的微球。降低小球尺寸可通过提供增加的表面积而提供香料的更均匀和控制释放。
[0059]可通过任何合适的方法制造小球,其中所述方法产生具有所需结构、组成和尺寸的小球。例如,可通过挤塑、喷雾干燥、涂布或其它合适的方法制造小球。在一个优选的实施方案中,通过形成含粘合剂、香料和任选的添加剂的溶液、分散液或乳液,形成可分离并干燥的小球,从而形成小球。在美国专利No.6325859中公开了制备含活性成分,如香料的小球的方法,在此通过参考将其全文引入。
[0060]电加热的香烟23优选包括适量小球,所述小球在香烟内提供所需量的香料。在一个优选的实施方案中,电加热的香烟包括基于香烟内的烟草的总重量最多约20%,和更优选约10%-约15%的小球。例如,含100mg烟草的香烟优选含有最多约20mg的小球。小球可优选包括最多约20%的香料。香烟可包括例如约1mg-约15mg的香料。
[0061]在一个优选的实施方案中,小球可布置在电加热的香烟23内的至少一个位置处,其中在吸烟过程中该位置达到香料从小球中释放并进入香烟内时的至少最低温度。例如,小球可布置在烟草棒60内,在孔隙90内,在烟草栓80和自由流动的过滤器74之间的孔隙内,在自由流动的过滤器74的一个或多个表面上,在织物66之上或之内,和/或在围绕烟草栓80的内包装84之上或之内。
[0062]在另一优选的实施方案中,可在电加热的香烟的两个或多个位置处掺入具有两种或多种不同的最低香料释放添加剂温度的不同小球组合物,其中在吸烟过程中,在这些位置处,所述电加热的香烟达到不同的温度。例如,具有第一香料释放温度的小球可位于香烟内达到第一香料释放温度的第一位置处,和具有比第一香料释放温度高的第二香料释放温度的小球可位于香烟内达到第二香料释放温度的第二位置处。例如,两种香料释放温度可变化最多约100℃。例如,这两种温度可变化最多约10℃、20℃、30℃、40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃或100℃。
[0063]在另一优选的实施方案中,香料释放添加剂包括薄膜。薄膜优选包缠香料和在吸烟过程中能控制香料在香烟内的释放温度。在一个优选的实施方案中,薄膜包括最多20%,更优选约10%-约15%重量的香料。在一个优选的实施方案中,薄膜包缠薄荷醇和任选地还包括薄荷。
[0064]薄膜类型的香料释放添加剂优选包括至少一种包封材料和至少一种香料。包封材料优选包括粘合剂,所述粘合剂可以是,例如一种或多种卡拉胶、明胶、琼脂、洁冷胶(gellan gum)、阿拉伯胶、瓜耳胶、黄原胶和果胶。可改进包封材料的成膜特征或提高其稳定性的本领域已知的其它材料可任选地加入到薄膜中。在一个优选的实施方案中,薄膜具有香料基本上均匀分布在其内的基本上均匀的组成。利用这种结构,在吸烟过程中,香料可从薄膜中以更理想的方式释放。薄膜包封材料提供对香料释放的阻挡。
[0065]取决于薄膜的组成,可调节/选择薄膜释放香料时的最低温度。含一种或多种以上所述的粘合剂的薄膜优选具有至少约50℃,如最多约120℃的释放香料的最低温度。薄膜保护香料避免暴露于在香烟和大气内非所需的物质下和显著防止香料释放,直到在香烟的冒烟过程中,薄膜被加热到香料释放温度。
[0066]可将薄膜以液体涂料形式施加到电加热的香烟中的一种或多种组分内,其中将所述液体涂料干燥成薄膜。没有限制干燥薄膜的尺寸。优选地,干燥薄膜的最大厚度为约50微米-约150微米,和更优选约75微米。
[0067]可通过产生具有所需结构、组成和尺寸的膜的任何合适的方法制造薄膜。例如,可通过涂布方法,如喷涂、浸提方法、静电沉积、印刷轮(printing wheel)施加、照相凹板印刷、和喷墨施加等施加薄膜。在一个优选的实施方案中,制备含粘合剂、香料和任选的添加剂的乳液、悬浮液或浆料,然后以涂料形式施加到电加热香烟的一个或多个选择组分的一个或多个选择的表面上。优选干燥涂层,以除去水和其它溶剂并形成具有所需尺寸的固体膜。在美国专利Nos.3006347和共同拥有的4715390中公开了可用于制备薄膜的例举方法,在此将每一篇通过参考引入。
[0068]电加热的香烟23优选包括适量的薄膜,所述薄膜在香烟的冒烟过程中释放所需量的香料。在一个优选的实施方案中,电加热的香烟包括在香烟内基于薄膜施加到其上的烟草的总重量,最多约20%,和更优选约10%-约15%的薄膜。例如,若薄膜施加到织物上,则包含在织物内的烟草的重量是薄膜量的重量基础。若薄膜施加到织物上和烟草栓上,则包含在织物和烟草栓内的烟草的总重量是在香烟内施加的薄膜量的重量基础。优选地,包含在织物内的烟草的重量是施加到织物上的薄膜量的重量基础,和包含在烟草栓内的烟草的重量是施加到烟草栓上的薄膜量的重量基础。在一个优选的实施方案中,香烟可包括约1mg-约15mg的香料。
[0069]在一个优选的实施方案中,薄膜位于达到至少该香料释放温度的电加热香烟23内的至少一个位置处。例如,薄膜可位于烟草栓80上,围绕烟草栓80的内包装84之上,在织物66上,和/或在围绕织物的外包装71上。当薄膜位于内包装84和/或外包装71上时,内包装84和/或外包装71的重量是薄膜量的重量基础。在另一优选的实施方案中,可预成形薄膜、粉碎并掺入到烟草栓80内,和/或达到该香料释放温度的其它选择位置内。
[0070]在另一优选的实施方案中,可在电加热的香烟内的不同位置处掺入具有两种或多种不同的最小香料释放温度的不同加香薄膜,其中在香烟的冒烟过程中,在不同位置处的温度超过不同薄膜的最小释放温度。
[0071]在另一优选的实施方案中,香料释放添加剂是包合络合物。包合络合物包括“寄主分子”,和在包合络合物内香料是“客体分子”。在吸烟过程中,包合络合物提供香料在香烟内的控制释放。在一个优选的实施方案中,香料是亲脂的有机香料,它优选在寄主分子的疏水空气内浓缩。合适的香料包括,但不限于,薄荷醇、薄荷,如胡椒薄荷和荷兰薄荷、巧克力、甘草、柠檬和其它水果香料,γ辛内酯、香草醛、乙基香草醛、呼吸清新剂香料、辛辣香料,如肉桂、水杨酸甲酯、里哪醇、香柠檬油、香叶油、柠檬油、姜油和烟草香料。在一个优选的实施方案中,香料包括香草醛和γ辛内酯。在一个优选的实施方案中,包合络合物包括最多约20%,更优选约10%-约15%重量的香料。
[0072]包合络合物的寄主分子优选是环糊精。环糊精是含葡糖吡喃糖亚单元的环状低聚糖,例如如美国专利No.3426011和共同拥有的美国专利No.5144964中所述,在此将每一篇通过参考全文引入。当香料物质与选择的环糊精在溶液中混合时,形成包合络合物。香料驻留在环糊精的环结构内。环糊精和香料典型地共沉淀、过滤和干燥。
[0073]α-环糊精、β-环糊精和γ-环糊精分别包括6、7和8个葡糖吡喃糖亚单元。在一个优选的实施方案中,包合络合物包括β-环糊精,它可所需地容纳各种客体分子且可容易获得。β-环糊精具有三维螺旋构造的连接亚单元的环结构,其包括直径为7.5埃的疏水空腔和亲水的上下边缘。
[0074]含环糊精的包合络合物释放香料时的最低温度优选为至少约60℃,如约60℃-约125℃。通过在包合络合物内掺入香料,可保护香料避免暴露于香烟内的非所需的物质和大气下,优选最小化香料的释放和/或迁移,直到在香烟的冒烟过程中,香料释放添加剂被加热到该香料的释放温度下。
[0075]包合络合物优选呈粉末形式。粉末优选具有小于约200微米的最大尺寸。
[00076]可通过形成β-环糊精和香料的水溶液,从而制造包合络合物。可从溶液中以粉末形式回收包合络合物。然而,可通过任何合适的方法,将溶液直接施加到电加热的香烟中的一种或多种组分的一种或多种选择位置上。包合络合物粉末可或者用于形成溶液或悬浮液。可通过涂布方法,如浆料涂布、喷涂、浸提方法、静电沉积、印刷轮施加、照相凹板印刷、和喷墨施加等,来施加包合络合物。在一个优选的实施方案中,制备含环糊精和香料的溶液、悬浮液或浆料,和以涂料形式涂布到电加热的香烟的选择表面上。在共同拥有的美国专利No.5144964中公开了在电加热的香烟内,可用于施加包合络合物的例举方法,在此通过参考将其全文引入。
[0077]电加热的香烟23优选包括适量的包合络合物,所述包合络合物在香烟内提供所需量的香料。在一个优选的实施方案中,电加热的香烟包括基于外包装或织物的重量,最多约15%,和更优选小于约8%的包合络合物。例如,若包合络合物施加到织物上,则织物的重量优选是施加到织物上的包合络合物量的重量基础。若包合络合物施加到织物和外包装上,则织物和外包装的总重量是施加到织物和外包装上的包合络合物量的重量基础。施加到织物和/或外包装上的包合络合物的重量百分数可以相同或不同。在一个优选的实施方案中,香烟包括约1mg-约50mg的香料。
[0078]在一个优选的实施方案中,包合络合物位于电加热香烟23内的至少一个位置处,其中所述位置达到在吸烟过程中,从香烟内的包合络合物中释放香料时的至少最低温度。例如,包合络合物可位于内包装84、织物66和/或外包装71上。
[0079]在另一优选的实施方案中,电加热的香烟包括两种或多种不同类的香料释放添加剂,例如小球和薄膜和/或包合络合物,且每一香料释放添加剂具有不同的香料释放温度。可在同一电加热的香烟内的两个或多个位置处掺入不同的香料释放添加剂,其中在吸烟过程中,这些位置达到不同的温度,为的是在吸烟过程中提供香料的进一步的控制释放。
[0080]图4和5示出了电吸烟体系的优选实施方案,其中可使用电加热香烟的优选实施方案。然而,应当理解,可在具有其它结构的电吸烟体系,如具有不同的电驱动打火机结构的那些中使用电加热香烟的优选实施方案。电吸烟体系21包括电加热的香烟23和可再利用的打火机25。香烟23被构造为插入到香烟接收器27内和从中取出,其中所述香烟接收器27在打火机25的正面端部分29处是敞开的。一旦香烟23被插入,则以类似于更常规的香烟的方式使用吸烟体系21,但没有香烟23的点火或闷烧。香烟23在吸烟之后被废弃。
[0081]优选地,每一香烟23提供每次吸烟总计至少8口烟(多口烟循环)。然而,吸烟23可被构造为提供或多或少可获得的抽吸总数。
[0082]打火机25包括分别具有正面和背面外壳部分33和35的外壳31。电源35a,如一个或多个电池,位于背面外壳部分35内和供应能量给加热器夹具39。加热器夹具39包括多个电阻加热元件37(图6)。加热元件37在正面外壳部分33内排列,滑动地接收香烟23。位于加热器夹具39内的止动件183确定香烟接收器27的终端(图2)。
[0083]在每一口烟的循环过程中,在正面外壳部分33内的控制电路41在电源35a和一个或多个加热元件37之间选择地建立电连接。
[0084]外壳31的背面外壳部分35被构造为开启和闭合,以助于电源35a的更换。优选地,正面外壳部分33通过机械啮合可拆卸地连接到背面外壳部分35上。
[0085]参考图5,在一个优选的实施方案中,通过每口烟激励的传感器45活化控制电路41,所述传感器45对吸烟者在香烟23上开始抽吸时的压力变化或空气流速的变化敏感。每口烟激励的传感器45优选位于打火机25的正面外壳部分33内,并藉助延伸经过加热器夹具39的侧壁部分182的端口45a与加热器夹具39内的空间互通。一旦通过传感器45活化,控制电路41将电流导引到合适的一个加热元件37上。
[0086]在一个优选的实施方案中,在沿着打火机25外部的位置处提供指示器51,目测显示在香烟23内残留的可抽吸的几口烟的数量,或其它选择信息。指示器51优选包括液晶显示器。在一个优选的实施方案中,当香烟检测器57检测在加热器夹具39内香烟的存在时,指示器51显示选择的图像。检测器57可包括感觉到电加热香烟存在的任何装置。例如,检测器可包括与加热器夹具39的香烟接收器27相邻的感应线圈1102和电引线1104,所述电引线1104连接线圈1102与在控制电路41内的振荡器电路。在这种情况下,香烟23可包括金属元件(未示出),所述金属元件可影响线圈绕组1102的感应,以便当合适的香烟23插入到接收器27内的任何时候,检测器57产生信号到电路41上,从而表明香烟存在。控制电路41提供信号给指示器51。当从打火机25中取出香烟23时,香烟检测器57不再检测到香烟23的存在和指示器51关闭。
[0087]加热器夹具39以与加热元件37相对固定的关系支持插入的香烟23,以便对于每次新插入的香烟23,加热元件37与香烟23一道位于接近相同的位置上。在一个优选的实施方案中,加热器夹具39包括8个互相平行的加热器元件37,它们绕香烟接收器27的对称轴同心地布置。其中每一加热元件37接触充分插入的香烟23的位置在此处被称为加热器触痕或炭化区42。
[0088]如图6所示,每一加热元件37优选包括在烟嘴54处相连的至少第一和第二根蛇形、伸长组件53a和53b。加热器部分53a、53b和54形成加热器叶片120。烟嘴54与香烟接收器27的开口55相邻。每一加热元件37的相对端56a和56b电连接到通过控制器41选择确立的电源35a的相对电极上。经过每一加热元件37的电通路分别通过末端销(pin)104在销104和蛇形组件53a之一的自由端部分56a之间建立连接121,所述连接121通过至少一部分烟嘴54到达另一蛇形元件53b及其末端部分56b。优选地,连接环110提供与每一末端部分56b的常见电连接。在一个优选的实施方案中,环110通过在环110与销105之间的连接123连接到电源35a的正电端上。
[0089]优选地,在控制电路41的控制下,由电源35a独立地供给加热元件37能量,在香烟23的周围一定间隔的位置处加热香烟23优选8次。加热使得产生来自香烟23的8口烟,这可通过采用更常规的香烟来实现。对于一口或多口或全部可抽吸的口数来说,可优选同时活化大于1个加热元件。
[0090]加热器夹具39包括空气惰性端口1200,其中通过所述端口1200空气被抽吸到打火机内。一旦空气进入打火机内诱导压降,以便识别抽吸的开始。选择诱导的压降范围,以便它在压力传感器45可检测的压降范围内。
[0091]优选基于电吸烟体系21的加热元件37的结构和位置来选择烟草栓80的长度和它沿着烟草棒60的相对位置。当香烟23对着止动件182(图2)合适地布置在电吸烟体系的打火机内时,每一加热元件的一部分接触烟草棒60。这一接触区域被称为加热器触痕95,这一区域是其中认为加热元件37达到足以允许香烟冒烟且香烟纸、织物或烟草没有燃烧的温度时的烟草棒60的区域。对于被充分插入到打火机25内的每一根香烟23来说,加热器触痕95可沿着烟草棒60布置始终位于在离烟草棒60的自由端78的相同的预定距离96处。
[0092]优选选择香烟23的烟草栓80的长度、加热器触痕95的长度,和在加热器触痕95与止动件182之间的距离,以便加热器触痕95在烟草栓80外延伸且与孔隙91的一部分重叠一段距离98。该距离98也被称为“加热器孔隙的重叠部分”98。加热器触痕95的其余部分与烟草栓80重叠的距离被称为“加热器填料的重叠部分”99。
[0093]可调节孔隙91的长度、烟草栓80和穿孔孔隙263的分布,以调节香烟23的冒烟特征,其中包括调节其味道、抽吸和传输。也可控制空穴263的图案、孔隙90的长度和加热器填料的重叠部分99(和加热器孔隙的重叠部分98)的含量以调节即时应答,促进传输的一致性。
[0094]优选实施方案的电加热的香烟可提供优势。通过包缠一种或多种添加的香料,特别是挥发性香料,香料可保留在香烟内,直到它冒烟。另外,在冒烟过程中,香料优选以控制的方式温度释放,进而提供吸烟者改进的香烟的客观特征。由于香料可保留在香料释放添加剂内,直到香烟冒烟,因此优选最小化香烟内吸附剂的失活。因此,吸附剂保持它从主流烟雾中除去选择气相成分的能力。
[0095]可在其它具体形式中体现本发明,且没有脱离本发明的精神。因此,尽管根据各种优选实施方案阐述和描述了本发明,但要意识到可在没有脱离权利要求中列出的本发明的情况下,在其内作出变化和改变。
Claims (37)
1.一种用于电吸烟体系的电加热的香烟,它包括:
至少一种吸附剂;和
香料释放添加剂,所述香料释放添加剂包括一旦香料释放添加剂被加热到至少最低温度时,在电加热的香烟内可释放的至少一种香料。
2.权利要求1的电加热的香烟,其中吸附剂是活性炭。
3.权利要求1的电加热的香烟,其中吸附剂是沸石。
4.权利要求1的电加热的香烟,其中香料是(i)薄荷醇,或(ii)香草醛和γ辛内酯。
5.权利要求1的电加热的香烟,其中香料是选自下述中的至少一种香料:薄荷醇、薄荷、巧克力、甘草、水果香料、γ辛内酯、香草醛、乙基香草醛、呼吸清新剂香料、辛辣香料、水杨酸甲酯、里哪醇、香柠檬油、香叶油、柠檬油、姜油和烟草香料。
6.权利要求1的电加热的香烟,其中香料释放添加剂呈小球形式。
7.权利要求6的电加热的香烟,其中小球包括选自棕榈油、魔芋胶、羟丙基纤维素、木糖醇、玉米蛋白、山梨醇、麦芽糖醇和羟丙基甲基纤维素中的粘合剂。
8.权利要求6的电加热的香烟,其中小球具有小于约25微米的最大粒度。
9.权利要求8的电加热的香烟,其中小球具有小于约1微米的最大粒度。
10.权利要求6的电加热的香烟,它包括基于在电加热的香烟内的烟草的总重量,最多约20wt%的小球。
11.权利要求6的电加热的香烟,其中小球包括最多约20wt%的香料。
12.权利要求6的电加热的香烟,其中最低温度是约40℃,和小球布置在电加热的香烟内的至少一个位置内,这些位置在香烟的冒烟过程中达到至少约40℃。
13.权利要求6的电加热的香烟,其中小球布置在烟草棒内,在烟草栓和自由流动的过滤器之间的孔隙内,在自由流动的过滤器上,在含烟草的织物上,和/或在围绕烟草栓的内包装上。
14.权利要求1的电加热的香烟,其中香料释放添加剂是薄膜。
15.权利要求14的电加热的香烟,其中薄膜包括选自卡拉胶、明胶、琼脂、洁冷胶、阿拉伯胶、瓜耳胶、黄原胶和果胶中的粘合剂。
16.权利要求14的电加热的香烟,其中薄膜的厚度小于约150微米。
17.权利要求14的电加热的香烟,它包括基于在电加热的香烟内烟草的总重量,最多约20wt%的薄膜。
18.权利要求14的电加热的香烟,其中薄膜包括最多约20wt%的香料。
19.权利要求14的电加热的香烟,其中薄膜是粉碎的薄膜。
20.权利要求14的电加热的香烟,其中最低温度是约50℃,和薄膜布置在电加热的香烟内的至少一个位置内,这些位置在香烟的冒烟过程中达到至少约50℃。
21.权利要求14的电加热的香烟,其中薄膜布置在烟草栓内,在围绕烟草栓的内包装上,在含烟草的织物上,和/或在围绕织物的外包装上。
22.权利要求1的电加热的香烟,其中香料释放添加剂是包合络合物,所述包合络合物包括寄主分子,和在包合络合物内香料是客体分子。
23.权利要求22的电加热的香烟,其中寄主分子是β-环糊精。
24.权利要求22的电加热的香烟,它包括基于外包装和/或织物的重量,小于约15wt%的包合络合物。
25.权利要求22的电加热的香烟,其中包合络合物包括最多约20%的香料。
26.权利要求22的电加热的香烟,其中最低温度是约60℃,和包合络合物布置在电加热的香烟内的至少一个位置内,这些位置在香烟的冒烟过程中达到至少约60℃。
27.权利要求22的电加热的香烟,其中香料释放添加剂布置在围绕烟草栓的内包装上,在含烟草的织物上,和/或在围绕织物的外包装上。
28.权利要求1的电加热的香烟,其中吸附剂是纤维。
29.权利要求28的电加热的香烟,其中纤维是连续或不连续纤维。
30.权利要求28的电加热的香烟,其中纤维用至少一种吸附剂浸渍。
31.一种制造权利要求1的电加热的香烟的方法,该方法包括在电加热的香烟内掺入(a)至少一种吸附剂和(b)香料释放添加剂,所述香料释放添加剂包括一旦香料释放添加剂被加热到至少最低温度时,在电加热的香烟内可释放的至少一种香料。
32.使权利要求1的电加热的香烟冒烟的方法,该方法包括加热一部分电加热的香烟,形成烟雾,和通过该电加热的香烟抽吸烟雾,其中吸附剂从主流烟雾中除去至少一种选择的气相成分。
33.一种电吸烟体系,它包括:
打火机;和
至少一种电加热的香烟,所述电加热的香烟包括:
至少一种吸附剂;和
香料释放添加剂,所述香料释放添加剂包括一旦香料释放添加剂被加热到至少最低温度时,在电加热的香烟内可释放的至少一种香料。
34.一种电加热的香烟,它包括:
至少一种吸附剂;和
选自小球、薄膜和包合络合物形式的香料释放添加剂,每一香料释放添加剂包括一旦香料释放添加剂被加热到至少最低温度时,在电加热的香烟内可释放的至少一种香料。
35.权利要求34的电加热的香烟,其中香料释放添加剂包括小球、薄膜和/或包合络合物形式的至少两种香料释放添加剂,每一香料释放添加剂具有不同的最低温度,其中在电加热的香烟冒烟过程中在该温度下香料被释放。
36.一种制造权利要求34的电加热的香烟的方法,该方法包括在电加热的香烟内掺入(a)至少一种吸附剂,和(b)小球、薄膜和/或包合络合物形式的香料释放添加剂,所述香料释放添加剂包括一旦香料释放添加剂被加热到至少最低温度时,在电加热的香烟内可释放的至少一种香料。
37.一种抽吸权利要求34的电加热的香烟的方法,该方法包括加热一部分电加热的香烟,形成烟雾,和通过该电加热的香烟抽吸烟雾,其中吸附剂从主流烟雾中除去至少一种选择的气相成分。
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