CN1316634A

CN1316634A - Method and mechanism for tracking sun

Info

Publication number: CN1316634A
Application number: CN01102265A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 聂洪军
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2001-01-20
Filing date: 2001-01-20
Publication date: 2001-10-10

Abstract

A surfacing method for solar energy utilization is an interval regulation of equiparatation time and angle degree divides simulating. By this method the time of one cycle for the earth rotation and the time of one cycle for revolution of the earth are devided into several regulating time intervals. The angle degree change of the sun relative to the earth represented by each regulating time interval will be simulated and distributed on the regulating simulation gear of the quotar rotation angle and the regulating simulation gear of ecliptic angle of pitch to create the angle intervals relatively to the fixed time interval and to regulate the angle degree once according to each time interval by sero-mechanism. It will regulate in circulation and the tracing unit for following up the sun can be built up based on the above said method.

Description

Sun tracing method and device

The present invention relates to a kind of sun tracing method and device thereof, be mainly used in the solar energy utilization system.

In solar energy utilized, fixed solar facilities generally all was the heat utilization of low temperature, and its efficient is low, and the high temperature utilization of the sun and efficient the utilization must solve the solar tracking problem.Existing this device all is a more complicated, and its angle adjustment of following the tracks of the sun generally is to adjust continuously or adjust at random.Adjusting continuously is to utilize the computer program control electromechanical equipment of establishment to adjust, and it adjusts complicated, the cost height.Adjust at random and have plenty of the adjustment of the manpower of utilization, its shortcoming is to guarantee timeliness, has plenty of the adjustment of the senser element of utilization, its equipment complexity, cost height.Above system all can not utilize on mini-plant well, can not popularize well, and because the equipment complexity, its reliability reduces.

Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of better simply device of following the tracks of method and this method of enforcement of the sun, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.

The sun of institute of the present invention foundation and the temporal regularity and the relative position Changing Pattern of the earth:

1, earth rotation is constant, circles in 24 hours, and promptly 360 degree per hour turn over 15 angle of rotation of spending.The earth rotation axis is that the direction of the earth's axis is constant, and the angle of the earth's axis and ecliptic plane is 66 degree 33 minutes, with the angle of ecliptic plane normal be 23 degree 27 minutes.

2, revolve around the sun time in a week of the earth is 365.2422 days, track is that ecliptic is an ellipse, position of sun not in this ellipse in the heart, according to Doppler's second law, per 24 hours earth inswept area that revolves around the sun equates, that is to say, one week of the revolution of the earth, radially inswept 365.2422 homalographics on ecliptic plane, the angle that its every twenty four hours is inswept does not wait, and this angle that does not wait all can be calculated at every twenty four hours or shorter time period, and existing textbook has formula to provide with the angle tabular, because of complicated, do not repeat here to provide.

According to above rule, circumsolar rotation of the earth and revolution have formed The sun came up of a bit seeing at the earth and the inconsistency that falls, the earth is round, and any ground level of the earth is not the plane of real meaning, and rule does not in this have generality.The earth's axis is constant, can represent the universal law of earth surface any point as reference face by earth's axis place face or with earth's axis parallel surface.The angle variation of the sun that the earth is a bit seen can be decomposed into the elevation angle variation of latitude on this plane of reference and the angle of rotation of longitude changes.

What solar tracking at first will solve is the tracking at the elevation angle, and after elevation angle tracking was finished, the tracking of remaining angle of rotation just became simple.Not rotation of the hypothesis earth earlier, the earth is for a bit, this point is exactly the earth's core, because the earth is very big apart from the distance of the sun, can ignore with respect to this size apart from the earth is a point, equally at the earth's surface any point can think with the line of the sun and this point and the line of the sun between for infinitely approaching parallel.

Representing on this aspect of the earth, the earth's axis is passed this point with varied angle not.With the earth's axis is line of reference, and this point is another line with sun line, and the angle excursion that public affairs circle between its two line is 27 minutes twices of 23 degree, and promptly 46 degree are 54 minutes.This adds from 90 degree that in its angle on the diverse location of ecliptic 23 degree 27 assign to 90 degree and subtract 23 degree and change between 27 minutes, the feature of this variation is that the earth is in the angle that turns over identical five equilibrium on the ecliptic and the angle between its two line changes not that five equilibrium is also inequality, again because the fate in one week of the revolution of the earth is a non-integer, so this variation also shows as asymmetric on fate.

Follow the tracks of at the elevation angle is exactly to make the face of object over against the sun, and promptly sun vertical irradiation is right angle 90 degree as long as keep its angle on this face, promptly finishes the elevation angle and follows the tracks of.When equinox, sun direct projection is in the equator, the sun and this line are perpendicular to the ground axis, an also virtual virtually axis parallel that passes this point on earth any point with the earth's axis, the earth's axis and virtually axis all perpendicular to the equatorial plane of the earth, one week of the revolution of the earth, the sun with respect to the angle of the equatorial plane change from above be positive and negative 23 degree 27 minutes as can be known, i.e. the point of the sun direct projection earth is mobile between south latitude 23 degree 27 minutes and north latitude 23 degree 27 minutes.An adjustment face parallel with ecliptic plane is set, and the angle of adjustment face and the equatorial plane is 23 degree 27 minutes, the earth's axis and virtually axis be 66 degree 33 minutes with this angle of adjusting face, the earth's axis and virtually the normal angle of axis and adjustment face be 23 to spend 27 fens.When the earth revolved round the sun the ecliptic plane certain angle, adjustment face turned over equal angular with axis virtually, and can keeping virtually, the angle of axis and ecliptic plane is 90 degree.

According to above-mentioned analysis, the present invention proposes the method for the following tracking sun:

Sun elevation angle as the adjustment face parallel with ecliptic plane is set follows the tracks of the adjustment dish, adjustment dish and this angle of axis virtually are 66 degree 33 minutes, the axis of adjustment dish and this angle of axis virtually are 23 degree 27 minutes, cross certain angle at the revolution of the earth, the adjustment dish same angle of also reversing, angle between the line of axis virtually and the earth's core and the sun on this dish keeps vertical 90 degree, promptly finishes the tracking of the sun elevation angle.Because the every twenty four hours of the earth turns over angle and does not wait, thus in adjustment, must be mapped on the adjustment dish with the earth each not equal angles that turns in the little time period of trying one's best in revolution, could accurate tracking.

For the angle of rotation adjustment of the earth, earth rotation is constant, and after adjusting the elevation angle, the angle that the adjustment earth rotation is crossed in each time period gets final product again.Owing to there is the inhomogeneous refraction of atmosphere, a bit also unequal in the visible rays angle that the relative sun of different time sections turns on the earth.

The line of the sun and earth surface any point and the variable angle of a fixing plane of reference parallel with the earth's axis be decomposed into the earth revolves around the sun and two variable angle of earth rotation, the former changes for the elevation angle, and the latter is the angle of rotation variation.Revolution of the earth week age section is divided into several adjusts the time interval, the angle variation of the revolution of the earth in each adjustment time interval being crossed the sun is mapped on the elevation angle adjustment gear, thereby produce angle intervals with respect to Fixed Time Interval, by elevation angle angle adjustment scope is that 27 minutes servo control mechanism of positive and negative 23 degree is adjusted an angle in each time interval, promptly finishes the elevation angle and follows the tracks of.Time interval division methods is adjusted at the elevation angle: with branches such as the five equilibrium of six hours or six hours or mathematical as adjusting the time interval.Six hours to serve as that the foundation in the basis time interval is that 365.2422 ≈ 365.25,0.25 can five equilibrium 365.25 be 1461 parts, can angle of arrival non-integer at interval.Gear angle intervals division methods is adjusted at the elevation angle: the per angle that turned over the sun in six hours of the earth is mapped in the elevation angle adjusts on the gear, a week is totally 1461 unequal intervals.In the reality, can adopt the not equal angles interval of 487 mappings, every twenty four hours is adjusted 4/3rds intervals, adjusts once in per six hours, adjusts 1/3rd at interval at every turn.For less than adjustment time interval of six hours, can realize that more low-angle at interval by gear train.The time in one week of earth rotation is divided into several adjustment time intervals, the angle of rotation angle variation of the sun in each adjustment time interval with respect to the earth is mapped on the angle of rotation adjustment gear, thereby produce angle intervals with respect to Fixed Time Interval, adjust an angle by servo control mechanism in each time interval, promptly finish angle of rotation and follow the tracks of.Angle of rotation is adjusted time interval division methods: per hour adjust 15 degree, for specific requirement, can shorten as far as possible and adjust the interval or freely distribute adjustment at interval, this is one hour five equilibrium or mathematical five equilibrium at interval, preferably adopts the system algorithm that meets temporal regularity.Angle of rotation is adjusted gear angle intervals division methods: each angle of rotation is adjusted the actual visible rays angle through the atmosphere refraction that the relative sun of point of the earth in the time interval turns over be mapped in angle of rotation and adjust on the gear.The tracking of the elevation angle and angle of rotation is superposed to a holonomic system, loop cycle adjustment.

In the method set forth above, the angle intervals of adjusting gear all is uneven, gears tooth pitch promptly occurs and do not wait, but its value that does not wait is little, can overcome by Machine Design.

In this method, do not consider the precession of the equinoxes and the nutating problem of moving between the earth and the sun, visual requirement is radially adjusted year after year in the reality.

According to sun tracing method set forth above, the present invention proposes a kind of sun tracker, and similarly device can be released from this device.

It comprises an elevation angle tracking gear and servo motor thereof, and an angle of rotation is followed the tracks of gear and servo motor thereof, and the clamp-pulse generator of above-mentioned two motors of control.Between axle center and the teeth an axial drive rod is being arranged on the side of described elevation angle tracking gear, the driver blade that one rectangular slide opening is arranged in the middle of being connected with on this drive rod, connected is drive link, and the other end of this drive link flexibly connects the tracking pole that points to the sun.The face vertical with tracking pole is the face of solar facilities.The elevation angle is followed the tracks of gear and is had a side of drive rod to the sun; Above-mentioned elevation angle gear and connected each several part all place an a rotating body, and its rotating shaft is parallel with described drive link, and coaxial the linking to each other of axle of following the tracks of gear with rotation.

The tooth pitch that gear is followed the tracks of at the described elevation angle is to change and is provided with according to adjusting the earth in time interval turns over the sun on ecliptic angle one week of the revolution of the earth its each, and it is heterogeneous, and the number of teeth of this gear is decided according to the adjustment number of times.

Described rotation is followed the tracks of the tracking accuracy that the gear adjustment at interval can be as required and is decided, and tooth pitch can evenly distribute.

The tooth pitch of described rotation tracking gear is directly measured sunlight and is determined through the angle that atmospheric actual direction of illumination changes.

Described clamp-pulse generator is exported two groups of control impuls, the one, angle of rotation trace pulse; The 2nd, elevation angle trace pulse, this clamp-pulse generator are also controlled per 12 hours of angle of rotation trace pulse with its positive and negative counter-rotating once, finish the adjustment that once resets.

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Fig. 1 is a device schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view of elevation angle gear and servo control mechanism.

As shown in Figure 1, this device comprises an elevation angle tracking gear 5 and servo motor 6 thereof, an angle of rotation is followed the tracks of gear 1 and servo motor 2 thereof, and the clamp-pulse generator 4 of above-mentioned two motors of control, between axle center and the teeth an axial drive rod 8 is being arranged on the side of described elevation angle tracking gear 5, the driver blade 9 that one rectangular slide opening is arranged in the middle of being connected with on this drive rod 8, connected is drive link 11, drive link 11 passes the hole of guide pad 10, its other end flexibly connects the tracking pole 13 that points to the sun, vertical with tracking pole 13 is solar facilities 14, and the elevation angle is followed the tracks of gear 5 and had a side of drive rod 8 to the sun; Above-mentioned elevation angle gear 5 and connected each several part all place in the rotary body 16, and its rotating shaft 15 is parallel with described drive link 11, and coaxial the linking to each other of axle of following the tracks of gear 1 with rotation.Described drive link 11 is the collars 12 that link to each other with drive link 11 ends with the flexible connection of tracking pole 13, and its borehole jack is on tracking pole 13.

The tooth pitch that gear 5 is followed the tracks of at the described elevation angle is to change and is provided with according to adjusting the earth in time interval turns over the sun on ecliptic angle one week of the revolution of the earth its each, and it is heterogeneous, and the number of teeth of this gear is decided according to the adjustment number of times.

The adjustment number of times of the elevation angle gear of present embodiment is 1461, and the time interval is 6 hours, and the number of teeth also is 1461.

Described rotation is followed the tracks of gear 1 and is adjusted at interval tracking accuracy that can be as required and decide, and tooth pitch can evenly distribute.Its tooth pitch is determined through the angle that atmospheric actual direction of illumination changes according to directly measuring sunlight.

The adjustment that gear 1 is followed the tracks of in the rotation of present embodiment is spaced apart 1 minute, and circling certainly and adjusting number of times is 1440.

Two groups of control impuls of described clamp-pulse generator 4 outputs, the one, angle of rotation trace pulse, the 2nd, elevation angle trace pulse.This clamp-pulse generator 4 is also controlled per 12 hours of angle of rotation trace pulse with its positive and negative counter-rotating once, finishes the adjustment that once resets.

Its device course of work is:

Pulse is adjusted at elevation angle of clamp-pulse generator 4 outputs, control servomotor 6 rotates a week, worm screw 7 drives elevation angle adjustment gear 5 and turns over an interval, promoting driver blade 9 by the drive rod on the gear 58 moves linearly in the hole of guide pad 10 with drive link 11, make tracking pole 13 in the collar 12 of drive link end, make angle adjustment, make the elevation angle aim at the sun, finish elevation angle adjustment.Angle of rotation of clamp-pulse generator 4 outputs is adjusted pulse, and control servomotor 2 rotates a week, and worm screw 3 driving angle of rotation are adjusted gear 1 and adjusted an interval, finish the angle of rotation adjustment.

When this device is installed, must make the axis 15 of rotary body 16 parallel with the earth's axis, device can be installed the latitude on ground in the reality directly as axis 15 and horizontal angle, and make axis 15 aim at geographical due south in the Horizon direction, then solar facilities 14 is aimed at the sun, the time when adjusting installation again and the coupling of gear 1,5, and correctly adjust clamp-pulse generator 4.

Claims

1, a kind of sun tracing method is characterized in that: comprising:

A is decomposed into the line of the sun and earth surface any point and the variation of the angle of a fixing plane of reference parallel with the earth's axis that the earth revolves around the sun and the angle of two angles of earth rotation changes, and the former changes for the elevation angle, and the latter is the angle of rotation variation.

The variation that B adjusts the revolution of the earth one all its earth's axis and the earth's core and sun line angle with the gear and the servo control mechanism of the mapping revolution of the earth angle Changing Pattern of a special use, promptly realize following the tracks of the variation at the elevation angle, in moving one all corresponding promptly 1 year one weeks of the revolution of the earth of this gear revolution, it is positive and negative 23 degree 27 minutes that this servo control mechanism is adjusted elevation angle angular range.

C changes the tracking earth rotation with a special-purpose tooth, and this gear revolution moves one week of a revolutions accordingly week, promptly one day.

D is followed the tracks of by the described elevation angle and stack is followed the tracks of in rotation, promptly forms the actual tracking of the sun.

2, sun tracing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the discontinuous tracking form that is tracked as of gear and rotation tracking gear is followed the tracks of at the described elevation angle, promptly adjust described gear every certain time interval and rotate an angle, this angle is corresponding with the angle that turns over the sun.

3, sun tracing method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the described elevation angle tracking gear moving time interval once of revolution should make the time in one week of the revolution of the earth can roughly be divided into integer, the number of times that this gear of required adjustment rotates is an integer, and the tooth pitch of this gear and described revolution the angle not variation of five equilibrium are corresponding.

4, a kind of device of realizing the described sun tracing method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise an elevation angle tracking gear and servo motor thereof, an angle of rotation is followed the tracks of gear and servo motor thereof, and the clamp-pulse generator of above-mentioned two motors of control, between axle center and the teeth an axial drive rod is being arranged on the side of described elevation angle tracking gear, the driver blade that one rectangular slide opening is arranged in the middle of being connected with on this drive rod, connected is drive link, the other end of this drive link flexibly connects the tracking pole that points to the sun, vertical with tracking pole is the face of solar facilities, and the elevation angle is followed the tracks of gear and had a side of drive rod to the sun; Gear is followed the tracks of at the above-mentioned elevation angle and connected each several part all places an a rotating body, and its rotating shaft is parallel with described drive link, and links to each other with the axle of rotation tracking gear.

5, sun tracker according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the tooth pitch that gear is followed the tracks of at the described elevation angle is to change and be provided with according to adjusting the earth in time interval turns over the sun on ecliptic angle one week of the revolution of the earth its each, it is heterogeneous, and the number of teeth of this gear is decided according to adjusting number of times.

6, want 5 described sun tracing method devices according to right, it is characterized in that: the adjustment number of times of described elevation angle gear is 1461, and the time interval is 6 hours, and the number of teeth also is 1461.

7, sun tracker according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described rotation is followed the tracks of the tracking accuracy that the gear adjustment at interval can be as required and is decided, and tooth pitch can evenly distribute.

8, sun tracing method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described rotation is followed the tracks of the tooth pitch of gear and is determined by the angle that direct measurement sunlight sees through atmospheric actual direction of illumination variation.

9, according to claim 4,7 or 8 described sun trackers, it is characterized in that: the adjustment that gear is followed the tracks of in described rotation is spaced apart 1 minute, and it is 1440 that rotation week is adjusted number of times.

10, sun tracing method device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described clamp-pulse generator is exported two groups of control impuls, the one, angle of rotation trace pulse; The 2nd, elevation angle trace pulse, this clamp-pulse generator are also controlled per 12 hours of angle of rotation trace pulse with its positive and negative counter-rotating once, finish the adjustment that once resets.