A kind of method of enzyme process comprehensive utilization shrimp processing fent
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of method, relate to technical field of food biotechnology with enzyme process comprehensive utilization shrimp processing fent.
Background technology
China's shrimp resources is abundant, developing rapidly along with the peeled shrimp processing industry in recent years, produced a large amount of processing fents, contained useful components such as amounts of protein, chitin and astaxanthin in these processing fents, will not cause the serious wasting of resources if do not recycle.
At present both at home and abroad except that leftover bits and pieces directly being used as the processing that is mainly used in chitin the feed.But the processing of present domestic chitin mainly is to use chemical method, and the soda acid consumption is big, and protein is not recycled usually, causes the wasting of resources, and easily causes the serious environmental pollution; The chitin product quality is not high, fluctuation is also bigger because the violent chemical reaction of high temperature of strong acid and strong base makes in addition.
Mainly be to adopt alkaline process to reclaim protein both at home and abroad, the protein yield is low, and is damaged, and is of low nutritive value, can only be as common or low-grade feed; In recent years, reported in succession that both at home and abroad the employing biological enzyme reclaims protein, adopted biological enzyme to reclaim the proteins react mild condition, little to the quality influence of protein and chitin, production process safety, environmental pollution is few.But present research is to adopt single protease that leftover bits and pieces is hydrolyzed mostly, and hydrolysis efficiency is lower, and protein recovery is not high.
Astaxanthin is a kind of carotenoids material with strong anti-oxidation activity, and has a function that improves immunity of organism, be developed as health food, medicine and animal nutrition feed abroad, shown special advantages aspect the special aquacultures such as salmon especially, had the wide development prospect.At present both at home and abroad the recycling to astaxanthin mainly is the method that adopts organic solvent to extract, and begins to adopt the enzymatic hydrolysis leftover bits and pieces in recent years both at home and abroad, increases the dissolution rate of astaxanthin, the rate of recovery of astaxanthin when improving follow-up solvent extraction.
As mentioned above, the recycling of prawn processing fent has obtained certain achievement in theory research, for the recycling of shrimp processing fent provides favourable approach.But aspect suitability for industrialized production, mainly still be used to produce chitin at present, for the recycling of protein and astaxanthin because cost recovery is too high-leveled and difficult in realizing suitability for industrialized production.At the too high problem of independent recovery production cost, we consider from the angle of comprehensive utilization, utilize enzyme process that protein and astaxanthin are reclaimed simultaneously, the protein that is rich in astaxanthin that obtains, added value of product improves greatly, and simultaneously simple than technology with independent recovery, production cost reduces greatly.Reduced the soda acid consumption of follow-up chitin production process in addition after the Protein Recovery again, protein content reduces about 77% in the waste water, and the waste water of generation is handled qualified discharge easily.The also corresponding reduction of production cost of chitin processing, thereby the comprehensive utilization process of the formation suitable suitability for industrialized production that process route is simple, production cost is low.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention: be exactly the method that proposes a kind of enzyme process comprehensive utilization shrimp processing fent.With fresh shrimp processing fent is raw material, has proposed to utilize complex enzyme for hydrolyzing shrimp processing fent, reclaims the protein that is rich in astaxanthin, the method for comprehensive utilization that the residue behind the recovery protein is used to produce chitin.Utilize preferred compound protease that leftover bits and pieces is hydrolyzed, improve the recovery of protein rate.Because astaxanthin to be existing with protein bound form,, to reclaim astaxanthin and protein simultaneously, thereby obtain being rich in the protein of astaxanthin so astaxanthin can the stripping together along with the stripping of protein.Enzymolysis product after filtering, filtered solution obtains being rich in the protein concentrate of astaxanthin or the spray-dried again albumen powder that obtains being rich in astaxanthin through concentrating.
Technical scheme of the present invention: with fresh or through the fresh-keeping shrimp processing fent of freezing technology after squeezing fragmentation, add a certain proportion of water, add the compound protein enzyme hydrolysis then, after enzymolysis liquid filters, filtered solution through concentrate make the protein concentrate that is rich in astaxanthin or spray-dried again after obtain being rich in the albumen powder of astaxanthin, residue behind the recovery protein is used to produce chitin, and sewage reaches emission request after treatment, and described method comprises the steps:
(1) raw material: process raw material into fresh shrimp processing fent or through the fresh-keeping shrimp processing fent of freezing technology general volatile salt ground state nitrogen TVBN≤15mg/100g.
(2) squeeze fragmentation and add water: fresh shrimp processing fent adds entry after squeezing fragmentation, the mass ratio of shrimp processing fent and water is 1: 1~1.5;
(3) add complex enzyme and carry out enzyme hydrolysis: regulate pH8.0-8.5, add compound protease and carry out enzymolysis, the total consumption of complex enzyme is a 1000-5000u/g protein, at 45-65 ℃ of following lucifuge stirring reaction 1~3h;
(4) filter: enzymolysis liquid is through 60 mesh filter screen centrifugal filtrations;
(5) concentrate: filtered solution adopts vacuum to concentrate, and is concentrated to soluble solid 40~60%, must be rich in the protein concentrate of astaxanthin;
(6) spray-drying: filtered solution adopts vacuum to concentrate, and is concentrated to soluble solid 20~35%, carries out spray-drying, must be rich in the albumen powder of astaxanthin;
(7) residue treatment: filter the back residue obtained chitin that is used to produce.
Protein concentrate carries out fluidized bed drying again after flavoring or other auxiliary material granulations, can be made into corresponding soup spice.
The compound enzyme of using in the above-mentioned reaction is the combination of two kinds of enzymes in papain, Alcalase protease, trypsase, the AS.1398 protease.Amount ratio by two kinds of enzymes of unit of activity of enzyme in the enzyme digestion reaction is 4~6: 6~4.
Or gained is rich in the protein concentrate of astaxanthin behind the concentration step, through adding 20%~30% converted starch of protein concentrate quality, 10%~20% salt, the sugar of 10%-15%, the monosodium glutamate of 1%-3% carry out fluidized bed drying again and make soup spice after granulation.
Residue behind the recovery protein is used to produce chitin, compares with chemical method, and the soda acid consumption has reduced respectively about 20%, 60%, and protein content reduces about 77% in the sewage of discharging, BOD, the also corresponding reduction greatly of COD value in the waste water.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: formed the comprehensive utilization process that is suitable for suitability for industrialized production, make chitin, protein and astaxanthin obtain simultaneously recycling, improved the utilization rate of resource, and the level that helps improving the comprehensive utilization ability of china natural resources and promote China's processing of aquatic products.
Adopt the index of TVBN value, guaranteed the freshness that processes raw material, thereby guaranteed the quality of product from raw material as measurement raw material freshness.
Adopt complex enzyme for hydrolyzing to improve the recovery of protein rate greatly, protein recovery reaches 84.7% under optimum process condition, and enzyme process reclaims protein, the reaction condition gentleness, the protein quality height of producing, because astaxanthin is to exist with the form with combined with protein, so astaxanthin can the stripping together along with the stripping of protein, reclaim astaxanthin and protein simultaneously, thereby obtain being rich in the protein of astaxanthin, improve the nutritive value of protein greatly, can be used as flavouring or extraordinary fish meal.
Adopt the enzyme process comprehensive utilization process, because the enzyme digestion reaction mild condition has been avoided violent chemical reaction, little to the quality influence of chitin, the chitin quality height of production, steady quality have promoted the technological transformation of chitin industry and the raising of technical merit.
In the follow-up chitin process, the soda acid consumption has reduced respectively about 20% and 60%, and protein content has reduced about 77% than chemical method in the sewage of discharging, BOD, the also corresponding reduction greatly of COD value in the waste water, greatly reduce pollution level, accomplished environmental protection production environment.
Key technology of the present invention is to utilize complex enzyme for hydrolyzing shrimp processing fent, and kind, the proportioning of complex enzyme, the consumption of complex enzyme, the enzymatic hydrolysis condition of used enzyme proposed a complete technical scheme.Compared with prior art, as comparing with CN1463988A, the present invention extracts fresh shrimp shell without organic acid and organic solvent, thereby simplifies technology, is convenient to operation, technology is reasonable more economically; Compare with CN1502606A, the present invention need not to carry out separately the extraction of astaxanthin, but has also reclaimed astaxanthin when reclaiming protein in enzymolysis process, and the product that obtains is the protein concentrate that is rich in astaxanthin.The article that the inventor delivers " food industry science and technology, 2004 the 7th phases, " influence enzyme process and reclaim astaxanthin and the research of albumen qualitative factor in the crayfish processing fent " ", though this paper has likened certain research at the bottom of to hydrolysis temperature, time, enzyme, but the present invention has further proposed the concrete scheme that is hydrolyzed with complex enzyme, and bigger progress has been arranged by contrast.
Description of drawings
The process flow diagram of Fig. 1 enzyme process comprehensive utilization shrimp processing fent.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Raw material adopts fresh shrimp processing fent, TVBN≤15mg/100g.After leftover bits and pieces squeezed fragmentation, added entry than 1: 1 by leftover bits and pieces/water quality, be heated to 55 ℃ and constant temperature, regulate pH8.0, add complex enzyme and carry out enzymolysis, enzyme is trypsase and Alcalase protease, and the ratio of two kinds of enzymes is 1: 1, the total consumption of complex enzyme is a 5000U/g protein by enzyme work, lucifuge stirring reaction 2h.With 60 purpose filter screen centrifugal filtrations, the filtered solution vacuum concentrated, and is concentrated to soluble solid 28%, carries out spray-drying, obtains being rich in the albumen powder of astaxanthin, protein content 64.5%, content astaxanthin 1048mg/kg after reaction finished.Remaining residue is used for the preparation of chitin after filtering.
Embodiment 2
Raw material adopts fresh shrimp processing fent, TVBN≤15mg/100g.After leftover bits and pieces squeezed fragmentation, added entry than 1: 1.25 by leftover bits and pieces/water quality, be heated to 45 ℃ and constant temperature, regulate pH8.0, add complex enzyme and carry out enzymolysis, enzyme is trypsase and AS.1398 protease, and the ratio of two kinds of enzymes is 4: 6, the total consumption of complex enzyme is a 3000U/g protein by enzyme work, lucifuge stirring reaction 3h.With 60 purpose filter screen centrifugal filtrations, the filtered solution vacuum concentrated, and is concentrated to soluble solid 20%, carries out spray-drying, obtains being rich in the albumen powder of astaxanthin, protein content 58.1%, content astaxanthin 650mg/kg after reaction finished.Other operations are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Raw material adopts fresh shrimp processing fent, TVBN≤15mg/100g.After leftover bits and pieces squeezed fragmentation, added entry than 1: 1.5 by leftover bits and pieces/water quality, be heated to 65 ℃ and constant temperature, regulate pH8.5, add complex enzyme and carry out enzymolysis, enzyme is trypsase and papain, and the ratio of two kinds of enzymes is 6: 4, the total consumption of complex enzyme is a 1000U/g protein by enzyme work, lucifuge stirring reaction 1h.With 60 purpose filter screen centrifugal filtrations, the filtered solution vacuum concentrated, and is concentrated to soluble solid 35%, carries out spray-drying, obtains being rich in the albumen powder of astaxanthin, protein content 55.8%, content astaxanthin 245mg/kg after reaction finished.Other operations are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Raw material adopts the fresh-keeping shrimp processing fent of freezing technology, general volatile salt ground state nitrogen TVBN≤15mg/100g.After raw material squeezed fragmentation, added entry than 1: 1.25 by leftover bits and pieces/water quality, be heated to 45 ℃ and constant temperature, regulate pH8.5, add complex enzyme and carry out enzymolysis, enzyme is AS.1398 protease and Alcalase protease, and the ratio of two kinds of enzymes is 4: 6, the total consumption of complex enzyme is a 1000U/g protein by enzyme work, lucifuge stirring reaction 2h.With 60 purpose filter screen centrifugal filtrations, the filtered solution vacuum concentrated, and is concentrated to soluble solid 30%, carries out spray-drying, obtains being rich in the albumen powder of astaxanthin, protein content 56.7%, content astaxanthin 350mg/kg after reaction finished.Other operations are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
Raw material adopts fresh shrimp processing fent, TVBN≤15mg/100g.After leftover bits and pieces squeezed fragmentation, added entry than 1: 1.5 by leftover bits and pieces/water quality, be heated to 65 ℃ and constant temperature, regulate pH8.0, add complex enzyme and carry out enzymolysis, enzyme is papain and Alcalase protease, and the ratio of two kinds of enzymes is 6: 4, the total consumption of complex enzyme is a 5000U/g protein by enzyme work, lucifuge stirring reaction 3h.With 60 purpose filter screen centrifugal filtrations, the filtered solution vacuum concentrated, and is concentrated to soluble solid 60%, obtains being rich in the protein concentrate of astaxanthin after reaction finished, and other are operated with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
Raw material adopts fresh shrimp processing fent, TVBN≤15mg/100g.After leftover bits and pieces squeezed fragmentation, added entry than 1: 1 by leftover bits and pieces/water quality, be heated to 55 ℃ and constant temperature, regulate pH8.0, add complex enzyme and carry out enzymolysis, enzyme is papain and AS.1398 protease, and the ratio of two kinds of enzymes is 1: 1, the total consumption of complex enzyme is a 3000U/g protein by enzyme work, lucifuge stirring reaction 1h.With 60 purpose filter screen centrifugal filtrations, the filtered solution vacuum concentrated, and is concentrated to soluble solid 40%, obtains being rich in the protein concentrate of astaxanthin after reaction finished, and other are operated with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7
Embodiment 5 or 6 gained are rich in the protein concentrate of astaxanthin, and through adding 20~30% converted starch of protein concentrate quality, 10~20% salt, the sugar of 10-15%, 1-3% monosodium glutamate carry out fluidized bed drying again and makes soup spice after granulation.