CN1313454A - 一种气动的机械振荡器和方法 - Google Patents
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- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
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- F01B23/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01B23/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
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- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
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- F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
- F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
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- F04B9/125—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having only one pumping chamber reciprocating movement of the pumping member being obtained by a double-acting elastic-fluid motor
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
- F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
- F02B63/041—Linear electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/14—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant
- F25B2400/141—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant the extracted power is not recycled back in the refrigerant circuit
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Abstract
一种气动振荡器(10),由一具有一缸体(12)和一对位于以在缸体(12)内往复运动的浮动活塞(15)两侧上的膨胀腔室(13,14)的发动机(11)所组成。活塞(15)安装在一延伸过缸体(12)并进入压缩器(17)的活塞杆(16)上。压缩空气从一贮罐(20)通过一对安装在调节螺杆上并可滑动地设于活塞杆(16)上的阀(22,23)输送到发动机(11)。阀(22,23)之间的间隙可调节以改变活塞(15)在缸体(12)内的振幅。活塞杆(16)包括交替地与各个阀(22,23)内的通道对准的隔开的槽(24,25)以将一个脉冲的压缩空气输送到缸体(12)的各个腔室(13,14)。向固定到活塞杆(16)上的贮罐(42)加入水银或从中排出而改变振荡器(10)的惯性。
Description
本申请是第95190621.6号、发明名称为“一种气动的机械振荡器和方法”、申请日为1995年5月29日的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及一种气体驱动的机械振荡器和用振荡器将膨胀气体的能量转换成机械功的方法,尤其是,但也不仅限于指一种利用一种振荡体克服一空气缓冲垫来加速一较大负载的气动的动态线性振荡器。
许多发动机都利用并以一种原理运作,该原理是利用燃烧过程中的膨胀气体的能量产生一般用来驱动一活塞的机械功。这一过程可用在内燃机中。
本发明已设想提供采用一种与通常所接受的技术和将膨胀气体的能量转换成机械功的方法不同方式的物理原理来有效地代替目前这种普通类型的气体驱动的机械振荡器。
一方面,本发明提供了一种气体驱动的机械振荡器,包括一壳体,多个位于壳体中的膨胀腔室,一包括一所述腔室的可活动壁的振荡件,振荡件响应腔室中的气体的辅助膨胀和气体从腔室中排出而振荡,其特点是,振荡件驱动一压缩载荷而形成空气弹簧以助于振荡件的反向。
一般地,控制装置包括可变惯性的装置以在振荡过程中增加所述振荡件的惯性。另一种方式是气体是作为一连串气体脉冲输送到腔室中的,所述控制装置较佳地包括阀门装置以控制所述输送到腔室中的所述脉冲序列而增加振幅。
在一尤其好的形式中,其膨胀腔室分别为对置于一有一缸体和位于缸体中的活塞的双动气缸装置的腔室,振荡件包括所述活塞并具有一安装在所述气缸装置外部的往复的载荷,所述活塞和所述载荷都安装成一起运动的并较佳地在同一细长的活塞杆上,所述活塞杆有隔开的横向槽以及可拆换和可定位的阀装置沿所述活塞杆可移动,所述阀装置有与一压缩气体源连通的通道装置且同时与所述腔室连通,所述槽可交替地与所述阀装置中的各个间隔的通道对齐以向双动气缸装置的膨胀腔发射气体脉冲而使振荡件振荡。
依据再一种方式,本发明还提供一交流电源,包括一双动气缸装置,该装置包括一缸体以及由一活塞和连于其上的、以与缸体一起往复运动的活塞杆组成的活塞组件,一压缩气体源,可交替地从压缩气体源向活塞的两侧输送压缩气体以使活塞在缸体中往复运动的阀装置,活塞杆连接到活塞上并从缸体中伸出,活塞杆上安装有由活塞的往复运动所驱动的交流电发生器。
依据本发明的又一个方面,本发明提供了一压缩器,由双动气缸装置所构成,该装置包括一缸体以及一由一活塞和连于其上的用于在缸体内往复运动的活塞杆活塞组件所组成,一压缩气体源,可交替地向活塞的两侧输送压缩气体以使活塞在缸体中往复运动的阀装置,活塞杆连到活塞上并从缸体中伸出,活塞杆上装有用于增加运动的活塞组件的惯性的惯性变化装置和一由活塞的往复运动所驱动的气体压缩器。
为了较为方便地理解本发明并说明实际效果,现在对示出本发明的包括具体应用的较佳实施例附图做出编号,其中:
图1是示出本发明较佳实施例的气动机械振荡器的立体图;
图2是图1所示的振荡器的截面图,表示由机械和电控制的两种方案;
图3是应用到一交流电发生器上的本发明的另一个实施例的截面图;
图4是一流程图,表示为使本发明的一个普通振荡器获得稳定状态的频率和振幅所采用的控制程序;以及
图5是表示本发明应用到一空气液化工厂时的示意图。
参见附图,首先是参见图1,其中显示根据本发明所制成的气动振荡器10。同时请参见图2,图中所示为图1中的气动振荡器10的示意截面图。图1例示的振荡器是一个完全机械装置,而图2所示的振荡器是一个完全由电控制的选择方案。两个图中的主要的机械操作部分在各自的情况下是一样。
下文的描述将参照图1和2进行,应当理解振荡器可选择由机械控制或电控制。另外部件的尺寸将根据容量而改变。
气动振荡器10的主要部件为一发动机11,具有一壳体12和位于一在缸体12中往复运动的浮动活塞15的两侧上的一对膨胀腔13和14。活塞装在一从缸体12延伸到一压缩器17中的活塞杆16上,压缩器17有一缸体18和一装在活塞杆16以与活塞15同步移动的活塞19。一空气贮罐20装有压力一般在100psi至300psi之间的压缩空气。罐20中的压缩空气可由位于罐的进气方向的压缩机供给,此压缩机可由包括电动机,内燃机,风力发动机或类似装置的各种适当装置所驱动。罐20出气方向的一只阀21控制压缩空气从罐20通过一对阀22和23向发动机11的输送,其中阀22和23安装在一调节螺杆上并可滑动地位于活塞杆16上。为改变活塞15在缸体12中的振幅可调节阀22和23之间的间隙。阀可沿相反的方向移动一段相等的距离。活塞杆16包括隔开的槽24和25,它们交替地与各阀22和23中的通道对齐而以各自的对齐运动将压缩气体脉冲从罐20向缸体12的各腔室发射。活塞15以由阀22和23之间的间隙所设定振幅振荡。阀22和23都安装在调节螺杆26上,这样它们就可如所需要的那样移动或分开。
在图示的实施例中,缸体12包括两个进气口27和28以及一个出气口29。当一股压缩空气脉冲进入一个膨胀腔室并移动活塞时,气体膨胀并冷却,然后冷的膨胀气体从出气口29离开并流到压缩器17的各个进气口。
压缩器17不仅有出自发动机11的进气口30和31,而且还有进气口32和33通过止回阀将空气从大气中引入。止回阀也用在其它的入口处,这样在压缩贮罐37中的空气的各个冲程中通过出口35和36的空气是正向移动的。
在图1和2的实施例中,有一可变振幅装置38,它包括一水银贮罐39,一阀40和一与一罐42连通的水银输送管41。罐42是固定连接到活塞杆16上并可与其一起振荡的。第二个阀43用来将水银从罐42排出到随后将水银回送到贮罐39的泵43中。尤其可取的是,通过在罐42添加水银,包括活塞杆16和活塞15和19的装置的振荡部分的惯性可以加强以克服罐37中的压力的逐渐增加。装置将继续运作以产生较高的压力,于是气体从罐37放出,可将与压缩器17相连的进气阀关闭。这可为活塞提供一个稳定的压力空气缓冲垫,振荡器就可以一稳定的振幅和频率往复运动。
在一般的操作过程中,起动时通常用气缸45和46以对活塞杆16进行初始定位,这样槽24或25中的一个槽可与各个阀22或23中与其相配的通道对准。这可由人工完成。为进行低振幅的操作阀22和23一起关闭。然后打开阀21。一旦阀21打开,一个脉冲的压缩气体将进入发动机11的适当腔室,此装置将开始振荡直至阀22和23一起关紧为止。这当然将是一振幅较小的振荡,但由于输送到活塞冲程的各端的相同的空气脉冲的缘故,振荡器15将以被动的振荡器形式运作,并因此活塞杆16将能够移动得比各个冲程中的阀之间的距离远。由各个冲程中的振幅可以少许增加,阀22和23被逐渐地移开以逐渐地增加活塞15的振荡振幅,于是在压缩器17中排出较多的空气。
当活塞15在缸体12中来回移动时,压缩器17的活塞19也将来回移动压缩罐37中的空气并且压力将逐渐地增加。活塞19被驱动以克服此压力,因此振荡装置将趋于停止。为了使装置平衡,通过添加水银而增加振荡的活塞杆16、活塞15和19的惯性。这是通过打开的阀40逐渐将水银输送到系统中以增加其惯性并从而克服可能使装置停止的压力而实现的。另一种方式是从罐37排出气体或阻止气体注入压缩器17。
当进入缸体12的空气是来自罐20的一小股压缩空气脉冲通往一较大腔室时,进入腔室的空气将膨胀和冷却。因此,发动机11设有传热叶片47以当发动机11从大气中吸收热量时改善热传递。这可提高装置效率。
从图1中可见,利用调节螺母26的转动,可移开或一起关闭阀22和23。在图2所示的实施例中用一步进电机44来实现这一目的。
由于阀22和23可在活塞杆16上移动,将阀连接到发动机11和罐20上的软管最好是韧性的金属软管。
现参见图3,图中所示为本发明的第二种实施例,其中类似的标号用于表示类似的结构。此时主要的变化是负载的类别。在图1和2中负载是压缩器17,而图3中负载是采用一衔铁49的发生器48。其中衔铁49也是一个活塞并且负载具体成形为一个发生器和一个压缩器。衔铁49是在各个直流励磁线圈50和51磁场内的已知结构并且其间具有一交流电输出线圈52以产生交流电的已知结构。在一个通常的例子中产生55周/秒的240伏电压。
因此在图3所示实施例中,本发明可作为一交流电源用作计算机系统的频率稳定的电源。
如图2所示,本发明可由电或机械控制。如图2中的剖视图所示,采用电磁阀53和54,并且这些阀可和滑动阀22和23以相同的形式定时操作。为此可用一由计算机处理的控制器55。在图示的实施例中,控制器55有通感应器的输入和用来改变操作状况的输出。此感应器包括感应罐20和37中的压力的压力感应器,活塞杆频率和振幅感应器56以及根据预定的控制程序开关各个阀的阀控制器。这种控制程序可根据应用情况而改变。
图4中示出根据为一240伏交流电源所用的一般的控制程序的电控制流程图。首先用一空气致动器将活塞杆16置于一起始位置而起动发动机,随后阀21由电磁阀53和54定时地或在阀22和23的情况下起动阀21,时间要定得使触发一小振幅的振荡。来自感应器的所有输入都被读取,如振幅和频率已达到所需的振幅和50赫兹的操作频率,然后装置将继续循环,同时读取输入。无论何时此装置变离所需的振幅或频率,则要对阀定时或做其它调节工作。换句话说,在起动时此装置自动地移动到所需的频率,并继续以50赫兹的频率操作而产生240伏的电压。输送到罐20的压缩空气可由一电动机驱动的压缩器直接从主电源上输出,这样图3所示的本发明可被用作一计算机的电源调节器。
现参见图5,图中所示是本发明应用到一空气液化工厂的情况。从剖面中可见,由本发明的一振荡器所驱动的压缩器用来向一换热器57输送较热的压缩空气,其中空气从一铜制蛇管58中流过,然后较冷的空气流到同轴的换热器59的内管中,随后到膨胀阀60。在膨胀后,返回的空气以逆流的空对空换热关系流动,这样当装置以泵加压时,空气沿管61通过返回路线62再循环,然后返回通过装置逐渐地冷却直至空气在膨胀阀60处液化。液态空气贮存在贮罐63中。
虽然已示出了本发明的许多种专门用途,但也可用于希望在膨胀腔室中利用膨胀空气以使振荡件的振荡做功的任何一般的振荡装置中。
虽然在前面的附图中示出的本发明由压缩空气驱动,当然它也可以由其它方式驱动。例如,发动机11可以是各个膨胀腔室具有一燃料发射器的内燃机,这样当空气脉冲在压力作用下被喷射到膨胀腔室中的同时,燃料脉冲也可被喷射,并在其后较短的时间内点燃一火花塞。在另一个实施例中,本发明可以象一柴油发动机一样操作,并为此再次采用喷射压缩空气的方式。在各种情况下用此方式的发动机可避免对两冲程发动机吸气冲程那样的需要。
虽然上文中已结合图例对本发明进行说明,但对于本技术领域的熟练人员来说在不脱离如所附权利要求书所提出的本发明的主要精神和范围的条件下对其作出许多变化和变型是显而易见的。
Claims (7)
1.一种气动的机械振荡器,包括一壳体、多个位于壳体中的膨胀腔室、一包括所述腔室可活动壁的振荡件,所述振荡件可响应于所述腔室中的气体的辅助膨胀和气体从腔室中排出而振荡,其特征在于,所述振荡件驱动一压缩载荷而形成空气弹簧以助于振荡件的反向。
2.如权利要求1所述的振荡器,其特征在于,具有用于在振荡件的振荡过程中,增加所述振荡件的惯性的可变惯性装置。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的振荡器,其特征在于,具有包括阀装置的控制装置,以控制为了增大振幅而输送到所述腔室中的脉冲。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的振荡器,其特征在于,所述膨胀腔室是一双动气缸装置的各个相对腔室,所述气缸装置包括一缸体和位于其中的活塞,所述振荡件包括所述活塞,所述压缩载荷安装于所述气缸装置外部,所述活塞和所述载荷安装成一起运动并且可由一细长活塞杆控制,所述活塞杆具有隔开的横向槽以及在所述活塞杆上可移动的轴向和定位阀装置,所述阀装置具有与压缩气体源连通并同时与所述腔室连通的通道装置,所述槽交替地与所述阀装置中的各个工通道对齐以向双动气缸装置的膨胀腔室输送气体以使所述振荡件振荡。
5.如权利要求1所述的振荡器,其特征在于,包括一交流电源,所述压缩载荷具有由所述振荡件往复运动所驱动的交流发电机。
6.如权利要求1所述的振荡器,其特征在于,包括一压缩机,所述压缩载荷包括由所述振荡件往复运动驱动的空气压缩机。
7.一空气液化工厂,包括如权利要求6所述的压缩机和一从所述压缩机接收空气的热换器,所述空气以逆流的空气至空气热交换关系流过所述热交换器,并且所述空气经过所述压缩机和热交换器连续地循环以使空气液化。
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AUPM5970 | 1994-05-31 | ||
AUPM5970A AUPM597094A0 (en) | 1994-05-31 | 1994-05-31 | Dynamic linear mass accelerator |
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CN95190621A Division CN1077201C (zh) | 1994-05-31 | 1995-05-29 | 一种气动的机械振荡器和方法 |
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US (4) | US5765374A (zh) |
EP (2) | EP1118754A3 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH09501218A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR960704137A (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1077201C (zh) |
AU (1) | AUPM597094A0 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9505493A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2168337A1 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO960397L (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ285990A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1995033125A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA954408B (zh) |
Cited By (2)
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CN100394156C (zh) * | 2005-05-23 | 2008-06-11 | 苏州试验仪器总厂 | 三轴六自由度气动振动、运输颠簸、倾斜摇摆试验台 |
CN110242526A (zh) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-09-17 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 气体弹簧弹出器及热声热机系统 |
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AUPM597094A0 (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1994-06-23 | Hansen, A.M. | Dynamic linear mass accelerator |
FR2758159B1 (fr) * | 1997-01-03 | 1999-07-02 | Hasan Sigergok | Moteur a turbine avec les autres unites du vehicule a systeme de regeneration et recuperation thermique et mecanique |
WO2000003133A1 (fr) * | 1998-07-09 | 2000-01-20 | Hasan Sigergok | Moteur a turbine a gaz accouplee a un generateur electrique avec systeme de regeneration, de recuperation thermique et mecanique eliminant les composants polluants |
US20070151234A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-05 | Lampkin Charles B Iii | Electricity produced by sustained air pressure |
US20070286746A1 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2007-12-13 | Thrasher William B | Ventless gas-driven pumping system |
KR100866345B1 (ko) * | 2008-04-07 | 2008-10-31 | 하원식 | 압축 에어구동 플란자 엔진 |
BRPI1011440A2 (pt) * | 2009-05-08 | 2016-03-15 | Rupp Warren Inc | bomba, e, metodo para fornecer energia a uma bomba |
JP2014171363A (ja) * | 2013-03-05 | 2014-09-18 | Tamachi Kogyo Kk | 直動発電装置 |
RU2544118C1 (ru) * | 2014-02-11 | 2015-03-10 | Анатолий Александрович Рыбаков | Способ привода поршней компрессора энергией газов из внешней камеры сгорания двухцилиндрового свободнопоршневого с оппозитным движением поршней энергомодуля |
CN104929769B (zh) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-05-31 | 梁廷容 | 一种带气缸对置装置的无曲轴发动机 |
WO2020225583A1 (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-12 | Sarus Sas | Thermodynamic cycle process performing transfer between mechanical and heat energies |
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-
1994
- 1994-05-31 AU AUPM5970A patent/AUPM597094A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
1995
- 1995-05-29 WO PCT/AU1995/000317 patent/WO1995033125A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-05-29 EP EP01108704A patent/EP1118754A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-05-29 CA CA002168337A patent/CA2168337A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-05-29 BR BR9505493A patent/BR9505493A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-29 US US08/596,114 patent/US5765374A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-29 EP EP95919933A patent/EP0711378A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-05-29 CN CN95190621A patent/CN1077201C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-29 JP JP8500078A patent/JPH09501218A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1995-05-30 ZA ZA954408A patent/ZA954408B/xx unknown
-
1996
- 1996-01-30 NO NO960397A patent/NO960397L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-01-31 KR KR1019960700583A patent/KR960704137A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-11 NZ NZ285990A patent/NZ285990A/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-03-24 US US09/047,188 patent/US5865040A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1999
- 1999-02-01 US US09/240,625 patent/US6067796A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-25 US US09/577,590 patent/US6247332B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2001
- 2001-03-29 CN CN01111994A patent/CN1313454A/zh active Pending
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100394156C (zh) * | 2005-05-23 | 2008-06-11 | 苏州试验仪器总厂 | 三轴六自由度气动振动、运输颠簸、倾斜摇摆试验台 |
CN110242526A (zh) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-09-17 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 气体弹簧弹出器及热声热机系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0711378A1 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
WO1995033125A1 (en) | 1995-12-07 |
CA2168337A1 (en) | 1995-12-07 |
CN1130413A (zh) | 1996-09-04 |
ZA954408B (en) | 1996-01-24 |
US6247332B1 (en) | 2001-06-19 |
EP0711378A4 (en) | 1996-11-20 |
KR960704137A (ko) | 1996-08-31 |
AUPM597094A0 (en) | 1994-06-23 |
NO960397L (no) | 1996-03-29 |
US6067796A (en) | 2000-05-30 |
US5765374A (en) | 1998-06-16 |
CN1077201C (zh) | 2002-01-02 |
US5865040A (en) | 1999-02-02 |
EP1118754A2 (en) | 2001-07-25 |
NO960397D0 (no) | 1996-01-30 |
EP1118754A3 (en) | 2001-08-08 |
JPH09501218A (ja) | 1997-02-04 |
BR9505493A (pt) | 1996-08-20 |
NZ285990A (en) | 1998-01-26 |
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