CN1312419A

CN1312419A - Structural frame

Info

Publication number: CN1312419A
Application number: CN01116538.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 查尔斯·R·欧文斯
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1994-11-14
Filing date: 2001-04-12
Publication date: 2001-09-12
Anticipated expiration: 2015-10-20
Also published as: CA2180638A1; IL115937A; CA2180638C; DE69530287T2; AU700621B2; CN1140479A; JP3773952B2; EP0743999B1; JPH09507889A; EP0743999A1; ATE237044T1; IL115937A0; DE69530287D1; CN1074490C; AU3965895A; CN1179104C; WO1996015333A1

Abstract

A structural frame is composed of a series of struts (12, 14) which are arranged in a particular fashion that steers the stress applied to the frame so as to minimize development of tension and maximize the resolution of the stress in terms of compression. The frame is composed of a plurality of unicubes (10) which are twelve equal length struts (12) arranged to form the edges of a cube and eight additional equal length struts (14) extending out from each corner of the cube. Each of the eight outwardly extending struts (14) forming an equal angle with each of the three cube edge struts (12) to which it is connected. The outboard ends (14E) of these outwardly extending struts (14) are connected together so that sets of four such outboard strut ends (14E) are connected to form a network of these unicubes (10), which network constitutes the structural frame.

Description

Structural framing

Relevant the application's reference document

The application is that the sequence number that proposed on November 14th, 1994 is 08/338,408, is entitled as the part continuation application of the patent application of " stress adjustment structure ".

Background of the present invention

Relate generally to of the present invention is as the structure of load scaffold and truss, but more specifically says and relate to those can make better balance between the stress of safe bearing load and structure material requested amount structure.

Improving intensity is the target that the great majority design is pursued to weight ratio, comprises many designs that Richard Buckminster Fuller proposes and constructs in these designs.When using bearing frame and truss, in most of the cases, failure be because the failure of pulling force aspect rather than because pressure aspect.Even the load that applied originally causes compressive stress in material, but this stress will be drawn tensile stress through the decomposition on the direction in material.For example the vault of a bearing load can tend to sagging, so that causes tensile stress in constituting the truss of vault, owing to the failure of tensile stress leads to the failure.People were once developed with a lot of notices and were had high-tensile material, so that be used on the load supporting construction, utilized the tensile strength of these materials, made the load that applies have at least a part to be decomposed by the tensile stress that produces in these tensile elements.A kind of like this method once summarily illustrated in No. 3,354,591, the United States Patent (USP) of investing Buckminster Fuller in 1967.A newer improvement of this structure was once described in No. 4,207,715, the United States Patent (USP) of issuing in 1980.The structure of this tensile elements and pressure piece combination also once disclosed in No. 4,711,062, the United States Patent (USP) of issuing in 1987.

Brief description

The present invention is a tower structure of being made up of a plurality of poles.Each pole has equal lengths ideally, and is configured to such form, makes and can produce minimum tensile stress when being applied to structural stress and being decomposed in structure.These poles in groups can be parsed into and be a plurality of interconnected element of construction (building-blocks) in groups.These element of construction that constitute framework of the present invention when interconnection can go to observe with three kinds of different modes.Promptly constitute the place of the disconnection of pole in groups of framework of the present invention according to people's handle, people can conclude in three distinct group the bar structure unit.Wherein two groups are real element of construction.Other one group is slightly abstract group, and wherein each pole is being born double function and is being considered to the formation limit of related two or more concrete inferior frameworks.

First group is the element of construction of 20 poles, and the applicant calls it " unit square (Unicube) ".This is one and constitutes a cubical framework by 12 poles.All there is from each angle at eight angles of cube pole protruding and form identical angle with the pole of cubical three adjacent edges.The outer end of the pole that a plurality of this unit square is stretched out from eight angles of cube couples together, and just can constitute framework or truss according to the principle of the invention.

Form by two element of construction for second group.They are four (tetrax frames) and cube frame.Four poles that each four axis body framework stretches out for its four angles of mind-set tetrahedral from.Each cube frame is for constituting 12 poles on each limit of cube.The outer end of each four axis body pole is connected with an angle of cube frame, and correspondingly, each angle of cube frame all is connected with the outer end of a pole of four axis body frameworks.From eight angles of cube frame, will there be eight four axis body frameworks protruding like this.Correspondingly will have four cube frames to stretch out on the outer end of four poles of four axis body frameworks, each cube frame all Yi Qijiao is connected with the pole of four axis bodies.A cube has eight angles owing on one four axis body four outer ends are arranged, and this configuration needs promising cube frame to count four axis body frameworks of twice.

Correctly say not to be an element of construction for the 3rd group, it is the frame of a frustro-rhombical dodecahedron (TRD), and detailed exposure is arranged in the patent application document of being quoted.Can form framework of the present invention by forming the structure that the dodecahedral limit of a plurality of frustro-rhombical pole forms.But should know that when a plurality of TRD fit together, each limit will be common for three such TRD.And framework of the present invention is such framework, and it constitutes total pole, and three limits of three adjacent TRD are only represented with a pole rather than pole parallel with three and that overlap.

Fig. 1 to 6 illustrates this three groups of element of construction.Fig. 1 and 2 illustrates two views of unit square.Fig. 3 and 4 illustrates four axis body framework and cube frames respectively.Fig. 5 and 6 illustrates two views of TRD framework.Fig. 5 illustrates opaque TRD, so the limit of the TRD that can see of only drawing on the figure.

Brief description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the phantom drawing of unit square, because middle body-centred cube is opaque, therefore has only appreciable pole energy in sight.

Fig. 2 is the phantom drawing of the unit square of reality, cubical all 12 poles in center shown in the figure and eight outwardly directed angle poles.

Fig. 3 illustrates two views of four poles, four axis bodies, and it is also referred to as four axis body frameworks in this article.

Fig. 4 is the phantom drawing of a cube frame, and this cube frame is the middle body-centred cube of unit square.

Fig. 5 is the phantom drawing of an opaque frustro-rhombical dodecahedron (TRD), thus the limit that can see on the opaque TRD that only draws among the figure.

Fig. 6 is the phantom drawing of the TRD of a reality, its all limits shown in the figure.

Fig. 7 is the set of unit square on two dimension of Fig. 1, and the connection of the outwardly directed pole of the square of adjacent cells shown in the figure is basically in a shell, and this shell is shallow with respect to the plane of Fig. 8.

Definition

The applicant has adopted following term here.These terms are used within manual and claims according to following definition.Unit square (Unicube)

Unit square is connected to each other by 20 equal poles and forms.Wherein 12 poles constitute a cubical limit, are cube frames therefore.Eight poles are protruding from cubical eight angles respectively, and it stretches out direction is to make each outwardly directed pole all form an identical angle with three poles that are connected with it.Form cubical 12 poles and be called as cube pole, and outwardly directed eight poles are called as overhanging pole from the cube-corner.Each overhanging pole of single unit square all has an outer end.Shown in Figure 2ly be a unit square.Cube frame (Cubic Frame)

A cube frame is made up of one group of pole that constitutes 12 limits of a cube.Cube frame constitutes in two element of construction of optimum structure of the present invention.Another element of construction is four axis bodies that define below.A cube frame is shown in Figure 4.Four axis bodies (Tetrax)

Four axis bodies are to its four jiaos axles that four of stretching out are measure-alike from tetrahedral central point.Any two poles of four axis bodies or leg angle each other all are 109.47 °.A plurality of four axis bodies and a plurality of cube frame are combinable, constitute optimum structure framework of the present invention.This four axis body is also referred to as four axis body frameworks in this article.Shown in Figure 3ly be one four axis body.Four axis structures (Tetrax Structure)

Four axis structures are four branching rod structures or an element of construction approximate with four axis bodies.Four poles all are connected on the common ground.But the length of these poles not necessarily equates, and any two poles angle each other also can depart from 109.47 ° slightly.One four axis structure can be used as an element of construction, and to be used in of the present invention be not in the illustrated embodiments.Four axis structures can from four axis body framework deviations what and still available in certain embodiments of the present invention deviation limits will be done more detailed argumentation in the detailed description below.Frustro-rhombical dodecahedron (TRD)

This term is used on such granatohedron, and six summits (top, angle) that wherein respectively have four limits to extend from the summit to get off are clipped.Respectively clipped, and taken away the part of being clipped greatly about the mid point on limit and just can be obtained TRD defined herein for six of each granatohedron with the summit on four limits.Can be 08/338,408 relevant patent application referring to sequence number about the more detailed argumentation of TRD.The explanation of preferred embodiment

Fig. 1 and 2 illustrates a kind of form of element of construction of the present invention, is called as unit square 10 in this article.As shown in Figure 1, there are 12 poles 12 to constitute a cubical limit, have eight poles 14 protruding from cubical eight angles.Each overhanging pole 14 all forms angle same with formation pole 14 each pole from three cube limit poles 12 at its that angle of stretching out.

Pole

14 and 12 length all equate.

See clearlyer for the element of construction that makes this unit square 10, the cube shown in Fig. 1 is opaque.Because structure itself is made of a series of poles, so Fig. 2 is more correct representation.When using the unit block configuration framework of the present invention of Fig. 1, the outer end 14E of each pole 14 is linked on the outer end 14E of other three unit squares.Fig. 7 is designed to illustrate and advises out this method for arranging.In Fig. 7, have only three rather than four outer end 1 4E to be shown as to connect, in order that make drawing can show clearlyer.

Their the strut ends 14E of unit square 10 usefulness of a plurality of Fig. 2 is connected to each other, and just can draw the framework embodiment of the best of the present invention.It should be noted that each outer end 14E is connected on other three outer end 14E of other three unit squares.Any like this one group four the unit squares that couple together are incited somebody to action an only shared common point.

Fig. 3 and 4 illustrates the another kind of form of element of construction of the present invention.One of them element of construction is that 16 another element of construction of cube frame shown in Figure 4 are four axis body frameworks 18 shown in Figure 3.Each cube frame has 12 poles 12 that constitute the cube limit.Each cube frame 16 has eight angles.And each four axis body framework 18 is made of four poles 14.These poles are the axle at tetrahedral each angle.Four poles have equal lengths, and they are all protruding from a common central point 14E who links to each other, and wherein any two poles all have one 109.47 ° mutual angle.That is to say, get two in four poles at every turn, have six angles, the value of each angle all is 109.47 °.If four end points 14C of these four poles are considered to four summits (top, angle) of a positive tetrahedron, these four poles are exactly four lines that extend to its four summits from tetrahedral center so.

The end points 14C of each four axis body is connected on the angle of cube frame, and the angle of each cube frame is connected on the end points 14C of one four axis body.Each space framework has eight angles because each four axis body has four end points 14C, and therefore in this structure of the present invention, the number of four axis body frameworks should be the twice of cube frame.

In this preferred embodiment, four axis body frameworks are four real axis bodies, and wherein the length of each pole all equates and has an interior angle of 109.47 °.So-called interior angle is the angle between any two poles in four poles.Relation between unit square, cube frame and four axis bodies

In the structure that assembles, each pole 14 of four axis bodies is exactly an overhanging pole of unit square.Fig. 7 can help to see clearly this relation.Same like this label " 14 " example is used to pole.Similarly, the cube pole 12 of unit square is exactly the cube frame 16 in the structure that assembles.The end points 14E of the pole 14 of unit square is exactly the central point of four axis body poles like this, and the end points 14C of four axis body poles is exactly the angle point of cube frame 16.

Similarly, the central point of cube frame 16 is exactly the cubical central point of unit square.

The central point of all cube frames 16 is one group of point with such correlation, and the every bit among them should keep distances of equating with other 12 neighbor points in this group switching centre point.This relation is very important, because this group switching centre point must always with in

groups pole

12,14 be spaced apart, transmits along a pole by those central points to prevent power.Generation by preventing from that power from passing through central point transmission in groups, just can exert all one's strength to turn to pulling force reduces to minimum.

The approaching more more excellent embodiment of structural configuration, the generation of pulling force is also just few more.But the small deviation at the aspects such as right angle of the central angle of the homogeneous length of

pole

12,14 and four axis bodies 18 and cube 16 allows, still can obtain many benefits this moment from improvement of the present invention, this improvement is that the generation of the pulling force in the pole of structure is reduced to heavens.Therefore term four axis structures are used to refer to based on four axis bodies 18 but have be not desirable isometric pole and/or be not desirable equal four such branching rod structures of interior angle in this article.It is the structure of fundamental mode with four axis bodies that such four axis structures are exactly one, and this structure can be made significant improvement aspect the turning to of stress.

Fig. 7 illustrates two plates that the unit square is dark that are about of constructing according to principle of the present invention.The grid of this

pole

12,14 can be used to make the building structure of many wide range such as wall truss, plate girder, vault and arch and many other structure members.Compared with the comparable structure made from other technologies, structure of the present invention can be done extremely gently, because the present invention is decomposed into load compressive load rather than is become tensile load.This sample structure just can obtain sufficient interests under to the ratio of weight and the much lower contrast of tensile strength to the ratio of weight at high compressive strength.

Can notice that pole can be made with any suitable material, the pole of making as steel, aluminium, fibre reinforced plastics or common plastics.Propping up bar material and its length and cross sectional dimensions will require with the specific design of related structure to become.Pole can be with any known technology, as bolt connect, welding, interlink together or be cast as the element of construction of as a whole cube and four axis bodies.

The surface of the structural framing that is configured to according to the present invention all is closed usually and is preferably smooth in some sense.On the interface,

pole

12 or 14 will be connected with some structure that does not belong to frame construction part of the present invention like this.The hypothesis that stress turns to

The stress that framework of the present invention can will be produced by load redirect to such degree, makes the generation of pulling force be kept to minimum and these stress are decomposed into compressive stress.

The applicant thinks and will what be appreciated that this can take place preferably to obtain understanding from investigating the TRD shown in Fig. 5 and 6 arranging.TRD is the structure of a sealing, has six quadras and 12 hexagon frameworks.Paired quadra and paired hexagon framework are parallel to each other.The length on all limits is all equal fully.The pole in

groups

12,14 that forms a desirable embodiment of the present invention (i.e. all identical real cube frame and four axis bodies of all poles) also will constitute a plurality of TRD.These TRD are not element of construction strictly speaking, because each

pole

12 and 14 all is that three TRD are common.

Obviously can think that the volume of this frustro-rhombical dodecahedron (TRD) equates with the volume of the interior positive spheroid that connects of TRD is very approaching.Many independently spheroids are gathered, and they can only come power transmission by compression.Certainly, unless they are limited in the termination, otherwise they can scatter.Framework of the present invention is regarded as TRD by many interconnection constitutes can provide a kind of like this enlightenment, why framework can make stress turn to, just as framework by many independently spheroids form to understand situation about taking place such.But owing to these TRD interconnect, so they can not scatter.

It is also believed that the enhancing pole that adds that does not meet above-mentioned pole pattern can not provide the benefit of usefulness usually, and regular meeting makes usefulness, and what reduce from optimum state.For example, as if the diagonal pole that adds along the surface of cube frame 16 can increase rigidity and intensity.But the applicant thinks that this main result who adds pole in addition is, produces desirable power by

pole

12,14 of the present invention and turns to function reduction, thereby can increase the generation of pulling force in some strut piece.Under best situation, this pole that adds in addition not only can not make improvements aspect the minimizing pulling force, and can increase other expense and weight.

In addition, digging the foundation of this structural object in fact by the center of cube frame 16 or by the pole that adds in addition of the point that it limited, pulling force will trend towards developed rather than will extremely reduce when decomposing because it will be exerted all one's strength.

The branching rod structure unit of four axis bodies and cube frame is to be connected like this, and promptly every end points of four axis body legs or pole all is connected with an angle of cube pole framework, and each angle of cube pole framework all is connected with an end points of four axis body poles.

It should be noted that this explanation that cube frame and four axis structure unit combination are got up can not literally be indiscriminately imitated on the surf zone of framework.That is to say, framework must reach an end in some place.

Claims

1. element of construction that structural framing is used, it comprises:

The cube frame of a pole of bearing pressure with eight angles and 12 rigidity and

The pole of bearing pressure of eight outwardly directed rigidity, each pole are all stretched out outside an angle that separates from said eight angles, and each said outwardly directed pole all has an outer end.

2. according to the element of construction of claim 1, it is characterized by, each said 12 pole all has equal lengths.

3. according to the element of construction of claim 1, it is characterized by, the angle between each said outwardly directed pole and three the cube poles being connected with it all equates.

4. according to the element of construction of claim 3, it is characterized by, each said 12 pole all has equal lengths.

5. the structural framing of a bearing load, it comprises:

A plurality of element of construction as claimed in claim 1, each outer end of each said outwardly directed pole are connected on other three outer ends of said outwardly directed pole.

6. make a kind of method of structural framing of bearing load, it comprises the following steps:

Select one group of pole of bearing pressure with rigidity that proper strength and size equate substantially,

Make one group of unit square with said pole group, each unit square has 12 cube poles and eight outwardly directed oblique angle pole from each angle at eight angles of cube pole, each said eight outwardly directed pole all has an outer end

Assemble said unit square group, way is the said outer end that connects an outwardly directed pole of four unit squares that separate, and makes one four axis body of three outwardly directed poles formation of outwardly directed pole and other three adjacent cells squares from each angle of each unit square.