EP2716828B1 - Lightweight construction structure - Google Patents

Lightweight construction structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2716828B1
EP2716828B1 EP12006857.2A EP12006857A EP2716828B1 EP 2716828 B1 EP2716828 B1 EP 2716828B1 EP 12006857 A EP12006857 A EP 12006857A EP 2716828 B1 EP2716828 B1 EP 2716828B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
lightweight structure
support rods
structure according
structural unit
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EP12006857.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2716828A1 (en
Inventor
Axel Thallemer
Martin Danzer
Bernhard Dick
Susanne Duswald
Julia Gabauer
Lukas Hofpointner
Johann Kaindlstorfer
Christian Lettner
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Festo SE and Co KG
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Festo SE and Co KG
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Priority to EP12006857.2A priority Critical patent/EP2716828B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B1/1903—Connecting nodes specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/1906—Connecting nodes specially adapted therefor with central spherical, semispherical or polyhedral connecting element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1978—Frameworks assembled from preformed subframes, e.g. pyramids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2002/3488—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by frame like structures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lightweight structure with at least one structural unit, which is composed of a plurality of mutually connected to a framework supporting rods, wherein the support rods are continuously connected to each other, wherein the structural unit has an upper and lower cover plate, between which the framework of support rods is arranged.
  • Lightweight structures have been known for a long time. The main reason for the use of lightweight structures is the weight reduction. For this reason, lightweight structures are used, for example, in aircraft construction, in the automotive industry and in the construction industry, in particular in the construction of buildings.
  • Lightweight structures can be formed in different ways. It is possible that lightweight material is used, i. the lightweight structure and the weight savings result from the material properties.
  • Another approach is to form the lightweight structure by providing material that has conventionally been used with material outgrowths so that the material saved by the material disbursements results in a weight reduction.
  • the lightweight structure is formed from mutually connected to a truss supporting rods.
  • the WO 91/19866 A1 describes a composite structure with an upper and lower cover plate, between which a core is arranged.
  • the core consists according to a variant of narrow strips of material, which are each connected on the one hand with the upper cover plate and on the other hand with the lower cover plate.
  • the WO 91/19866 discloses a lightweight structure having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a lightweight structure, which has over the mentioned from the prior art lightweight structures that are constructed as a framework, increased stability and therefore offers a wider range of applications.
  • the support rods are continuously merging. This avoids voltage peaks occurring in the event of a load, which in the worst case can lead to component failure.
  • the framework of support rods is power flow optimized so that it is capable of different types of stresses take. These include in particular tensile and compressive forces, shear forces and torsional forces.
  • the lightweight construction of the invention has a further optimization of the transition between the support rods, which is achieved by a curvature continuous transition, which is also referred to as C2 continuity. In this case, the support rods are flowing into each other.
  • the support rods are interconnected to support structures, which are combined by modular addition to a space framework.
  • the support structures may be, for example, formed from a plurality of juxtaposed support rods, spatial support rod chains, which are stable by suitable stiffeners in itself.
  • the support structures are formed as Stauerpolygone. As Stauerpolygone are particularly support triangles, but also Stauerhexagone. Most preferably, several support polygons are combined to support polyhedra.
  • the support structures are formed as fractals.
  • all the support structures within a structural unit have the same shape and differ only in dimensioning.
  • the structural unit itself may be designed overall as a support polyhedron, which is constructed from a plurality of structural planes of supporting polyhedra of the same shape.
  • the supporting polyhedra are designed as platonic bodies.
  • the supporting polyhedra can therefore be formed as tetrahedron, hexahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron or icosahedron.
  • the support polyhedra are designed as Archimedean body.
  • the supporting polyhedra can thus be formed, for example, as a tetrahedral stump, cuboctahedron, hexagonal stump, octahedral stump, rhombic cuboctahedron, icosidodecahedron or the like.
  • the structural unit has an upper and lower cover plate, between which the framework is arranged from support rods.
  • the cover plates serve as stabilizing component parts which are advantageous for the rigidity of the system.
  • the structural unit may comprise at least one ring anchor formed from support rods.
  • a ring anchor is used primarily for the derivation of torsional forces under load.
  • the structural unit has a hexagonal outer contour.
  • other outer contours are conceivable.
  • a plurality of structural units are connected to form a structural unit cluster.
  • the support rods are connected at varying angles. These depend on the height.
  • the support rods within a structural unit on a grid shape which is formed as a hexagonal dense packing. If the structural unit then additionally has a hexagonal outer contour, a structural unit cluster formed from such structural units is packed particularly densely.
  • ball-like nodes are formed at connection points between in each case two adjacent support rods.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a lightweight structure according to one of claims 1 to 16 as a framework structure, in particular trusses.
  • the Figures 1 and 2 show a technical example of a lightweight structure 11.
  • the lightweight structure 11 has in the example, at least one structural unit 12, which is composed of a plurality of mutually connected to a truss support rods 13.
  • the in the Figures 1 and 2 shown structural unit 12 has a center 14, from which a plurality of support rods 13 extend radially outwardly in a radially outward direction.
  • the support rods 13 are each connected at their center distal ends 15 with a likewise constructed of support rods 13 ring anchor 16.
  • two circumferentially adjacent support rods 13 and a support rod 13 of the ring anchor form a support structure 17 in the form of a support triangle.
  • six such support triangles form a hexagonal support plane.
  • the support rods 13 are each connected to each other steadily.
  • mutually adjacent support rods 13 are tangentially connected to each other.
  • the transitions between the support rods 13 are therefore rounded, so that notches are avoided, which can provide stress loads in case of stress, which can even lead to a break in the structural unit 12 in the worst case.
  • the tangent continuity is shown in the transition adjacent support rods 13 in the region of the center 14. However, the tangent continuity continues even in the plane formed perpendicular to the upper support plane.
  • the upper hexagonal support plane is opposite to a lower support level, which is identical to the upper support level also constructed of support triangles.
  • the ring anchors 16 of the two support levels provide optimal power dissipation at Torssionstapen, while the star-shaped support rods 13 provide in particular for the power dissipation at shear forces.
  • FIG. 2 is also shown that the star-shaped support rods 13 in the axial direction to a running through the center 14 longitudinal axis 18 have an axial component.
  • the support rods 13 of a support plane are aligned with the support rods 13 of the other support plane and extend in the axial direction toward each other and then also go tangent-continuous into each other.
  • the axial component of the respective support rods 13 serves in particular for receiving tensile and compressive forces which act perpendicular to the support planes.
  • the two ring anchors 16 are connected to each other at the respective ends of the support triangles crossing and extending in the axial direction support rods. Again, tangential transitions are formed at the junctions.
  • supporting rods 13 which extend in the axial direction and which connect the two support planes with one another are still provided on the ring-armature-side nodal points of adjacent support triangles.
  • the hexagonal outer contour of the structural units 12 allows structural unit clusters with maximum packing density.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a second technical example of a lightweight structure 11. Again, there are several support rods 13 connected to a space frame.
  • the support rods 13 extend along the Z-axis of an X, Y, Z coordinate system, which may be a Cartesian coordinate system.
  • two cover plates 19a, 19b are provided, between which the support rods 13 extend.
  • the support rods 13 are each connected via nodes 20 end to one and the other cover plate 19a, 19b kraftflußoptimiert, for example, welded, in addition, an attachment / integration with adjacent likewise via the same node 20 opening support rods 13 takes place.
  • transitions of the support rods 13 at the nodes are tangentenstetig.
  • structural units 17 made of supporting triangles are provided as the smallest subgroup, which are each formed from two support rods 13 and a portion of the cover plate 19a, 19b.
  • X-shaped substructures 21 each consisting of two intersecting or four interconnected at a node 20 support rods 13.
  • the angle of the intersecting or interconnected support rods 13 results from the component height.
  • the X-shaped substructures 21 are in turn connected to one another at nodes 20 located on the cover plates 19a, 19b.
  • the volume saving of such a structural unit 12 is up to about 97% compared to a filled cuboid of the same proportions.
  • the structural unit 12 can be extended in the X, Y or Z axis to form a structural unit cluster.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third technical example of a lightweight structure 11. Again, a plurality of support rods 13 are connected to a space frame with each other.
  • Support structures 17 in the form of hexagons connected to one another from six support rods 13 are provided here as the smallest subgroup, wherein the transitions between each two support rods 13 are formed tangent-like.
  • the structural unit 12 is constructed overall as a hexagonal lattice of a plurality of hexagons, wherein each support rod 13 is part of mutually adjacent hexagons.
  • an upper and lower cover plate 19a, 19b is also provided, between which the hexagonal grid extends.
  • FIGS. 6 to 8 show a fourth technical example of a lightweight structure. Again, several support rods 13 are connected together to form a space framework.
  • each case four support rods.
  • two support rods 13 form a V-shaped substructure 22.
  • the two V-shaped substructures 22 extend at an angle to one another and are connected to one another at the free ends of the legs.
  • FIG. 6 shows a technical example in which the space frame is formed of two support structures 17 of the aforementioned type, wherein a top structure 23a and a smaller dimensioned in the top structure 23a embedded first sub-structure 23b is provided, wherein the first sub-structure 23b is formed as a fractal of the top structure 23a.
  • FIG. 7 shows a technical example in which in the first sub-structure 23b is still a smaller dimensioned relative to this second sub-structure 23c stored. Theoretically, this could be continued n times.
  • FIG. 8 shows the fourth technical example in overall view. Similar to the second and third embodiments here an upper and lower cover plate 19 a, 19 b is provided, between which extends the space frame formed by support rods 13.
  • support structures 17 of the aforementioned type equipped with a plurality of subgroups are connected to one another, wherein the edges are extracted, so that overall a honeycomb-like space framework structure is formed.
  • FIG. 9 shows a fifth technical example of a lightweight structure 11. Again, several support rods 13 are connected to a space framework with each other.
  • support rods 13 there are three support rods 13 in each case to form a support structure 17 in the form of a support triangle, which in turn are joined together to form a supporting polyhedron in the form of a tetrahedron.
  • tetrahedra are then assembled into a structural unit 12, wherein the tetrahedra in turn can be assembled as fractals to upper-group tetrahedra, which then forms a structural unit-Custer.
  • the tetrahedra can also be combined as desired to a space framework.
  • spherical nodes 24 are formed at joints between each two adjacent support rods.
  • the lightweight structure according to the invention is suitable in the load case to absorb tensile and compressive, shear and torsional forces and optimally dissipate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Leichtbaustruktur mit wenigstens einer Struktureinheit, die aus mehreren miteinander zu einem Fachwerk verbundenen Stützstäben aufgebaut ist, wobei die Stützstäbe stetig miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Struktureinheit eine obere und untere Deckplatte aufweist, zwischen denen das Fachwerk aus Stützstäben angeordnet ist. Leichtbaustrukturen sind bereits seit langem bekannt. Der Hauptgrund für den Einsatz von Leichtbaustrukturen ist die Gewichtsreduktion. Daher finden Leichtbaustrukturen beispielsweise Anwendung im Flugzeugbau, in der Automobilindustrie und in der Bauindustrie, insbesondere beim Bau von Gebäuden.The invention relates to a lightweight structure with at least one structural unit, which is composed of a plurality of mutually connected to a framework supporting rods, wherein the support rods are continuously connected to each other, wherein the structural unit has an upper and lower cover plate, between which the framework of support rods is arranged. Lightweight structures have been known for a long time. The main reason for the use of lightweight structures is the weight reduction. For this reason, lightweight structures are used, for example, in aircraft construction, in the automotive industry and in the construction industry, in particular in the construction of buildings.

Leichtbaustrukturen können auf unterschiedliche Arten gebildet werden. Es ist möglich, dass Leichtbaumaterial eingesetzt wird, d.h. die Leichtbaustruktur und die Gewichtsersparnis resultieren aus den Materialeigenschaften.Lightweight structures can be formed in different ways. It is possible that lightweight material is used, i. the lightweight structure and the weight savings result from the material properties.

Ein anderer Ansatz ist, die Leichtbaustruktur dadurch zu bilden, dass herkömmlich verwendetes Material mit Material-Ausmagerungen versehen wird, so dass das durch die Material-Ausmagerungen eingesparte Material eine Gewichtsreduktion ergibt.Another approach is to form the lightweight structure by providing material that has conventionally been used with material outgrowths so that the material saved by the material disbursements results in a weight reduction.

Schließlich ist noch ein weiterer Ansatz denkbar, nämlich dass die Leichtbaustruktur aus miteinander zu einem Fachwerk verbundenen Stützstäben ausgebildet ist.Finally, a further approach is conceivable, namely that the lightweight structure is formed from mutually connected to a truss supporting rods.

Allen Leichtbaustrukturen ist jedoch gemeinsam, dass die Gewichtsreduktion nicht zu Lasten der Stabilität des gesamten Systems gehen darf.However, all lightweight structures have in common that the weight reduction must not be at the expense of the stability of the entire system.

Bei der Ausgestaltung der Leichtbaustruktur als Fachwerk besteht der Bedarf, eine Fachwerkstruktur bereitzustellen, die in Abhängigkeit vom Anwendungsfall hinreichende Stabilität und Steifigkeit aufweist.In the design of the lightweight structure as a framework, there is a need to provide a framework structure, which has sufficient stability and rigidity depending on the application.

Die WO 91/19866 A1 beschreibt eine Verbundstruktur mit einer oberen und unteren Deckplatte, zwischen denen ein Kern angeordnet ist. Der Kern besteht gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante aus schmalen Materialstreifen, die jeweils einerseits mit der oberen Deckplatte und andererseits mit der unteren Deckplatte verbunden sind. Die WO 91/19866 offenbart eine Leichtbaustruktur, die die Merkmale des Oberbegriffes des Anspruchs 1 aufweist. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Leichtbaustruktur zu schaffen, die gegenüber den aus dem Stand der Technik genannten Leichtbaustrukturen, die als Fachwerk aufgebaut sind, eine erhöhte Stabilität aufweist und daher ein breiteres Anwendungsspektrum bietet.The WO 91/19866 A1 describes a composite structure with an upper and lower cover plate, between which a core is arranged. The core consists according to a variant of narrow strips of material, which are each connected on the one hand with the upper cover plate and on the other hand with the lower cover plate. The WO 91/19866 discloses a lightweight structure having the features of the preamble of claim 1. The object of the invention is to provide a lightweight structure, which has over the mentioned from the prior art lightweight structures that are constructed as a framework, increased stability and therefore offers a wider range of applications.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Leichtbaustruktur mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen dargestellt.This object is achieved by a lightweight structure having the features of independent claim 1. Further developments of the invention are shown in the subclaims.

Ein Aspekt ist, dass die Stützstäbe stetig ineinander übergehen. Dadurch werden im Lastfall auftretende Spannungsspitzen vermieden, die im schlimmsten Fall zu Bauteilversagen führen können. Das Fachwerk aus Stützstäben ist kraftflussoptimiert, so dass es in der Lage ist, unterschiedliche Arten von Beanspruchungen aufzunehmen. Hierzu zählen insbesondere Zug- und Druckkräfte, Scherkräfte sowie Torsionskräfte. Die Leichtbaustruktur der Erfindung weist eine weitere Optimierung des Übergangs zwischen den Stützstäben auf, die durch einen krümmungsstetigen Übergang, der auch als C2-Stetigkeit bezeichnet wird, erzielt wird. In diesem Fall gehen die Stützstäbe fließend ineinander über.One aspect is that the support rods are continuously merging. This avoids voltage peaks occurring in the event of a load, which in the worst case can lead to component failure. The framework of support rods is power flow optimized so that it is capable of different types of stresses take. These include in particular tensile and compressive forces, shear forces and torsional forces. The lightweight construction of the invention has a further optimization of the transition between the support rods, which is achieved by a curvature continuous transition, which is also referred to as C2 continuity. In this case, the support rods are flowing into each other.

Bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind die Stützstäbe untereinander zu Stützstrukturen verbunden, die durch modulare Addition zu einem Raumfachwerk kombiniert sind. Die Stützstrukturen können beispielsweise aus mehreren aneinandergereihten Stützstäben gebildete, räumliche Stützstab-Ketten sein, die durch geeignete Aussteifungen in sich stabil sind. In besonders bevorzugter Weise sind die Stützstrukturen jedoch als Stützpolygone ausgebildet. Als Stützpolygone eignen sich hier besonders Stützdreiecke, jedoch auch Stützhexagone. In besonders bevorzugter Weise sind mehrere Stützpolygone zu Stützpolyedern kombiniert.In a further development of the invention, the support rods are interconnected to support structures, which are combined by modular addition to a space framework. The support structures may be, for example, formed from a plurality of juxtaposed support rods, spatial support rod chains, which are stable by suitable stiffeners in itself. In a particularly preferred manner, however, the support structures are formed as Stützpolygone. As Stützpolygone are particularly support triangles, but also Stützhexagone. Most preferably, several support polygons are combined to support polyhedra.

In besonders bevorzugter Weise sind die Stützstrukturen als Fraktale ausgebildet. In diesem Fall besitzen also innerhalb einer Struktureinheit sämtliche Stützstrukturen dieselbe Form und unterscheiden sich lediglich in der Dimensionierung. Insbesondere kann die Struktureinheit selber insgesamt als Stützpolyeder ausgebildet sein, die aus mehreren Strukturebenen von Stützpolyedern gleicher Form aufgebaut ist.In a particularly preferred manner, the support structures are formed as fractals. In this case, therefore, all the support structures within a structural unit have the same shape and differ only in dimensioning. In particular, the structural unit itself may be designed overall as a support polyhedron, which is constructed from a plurality of structural planes of supporting polyhedra of the same shape.

Bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind die Stützpolyeder als platonische Körper ausgebildet. Die Stützpolyeder können also als Tetraeder, Hexaeder, Oktaeder, Dodekaeder oder Ikosaeder ausgebildet sein.In a development of the invention, the supporting polyhedra are designed as platonic bodies. The supporting polyhedra can therefore be formed as tetrahedron, hexahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron or icosahedron.

Es ist auch möglich, dass die Stützpolyeder als archimedische Körper ausgebildet sind. Die Stützpolyeder können also beispielsweise als Tetraederstumpf, Kuboktaeder, Hexaederstumpf, Oktaederstumpf, Rhombenkuboktaeder, Ikosidodekaeder oder dergleichen ausgebildet sein.It is also possible that the support polyhedra are designed as Archimedean body. The supporting polyhedra can thus be formed, for example, as a tetrahedral stump, cuboctahedron, hexagonal stump, octahedral stump, rhombic cuboctahedron, icosidodecahedron or the like.

Bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist die Struktureinheit eine obere und untere Deckplatte auf, zwischen denen das Fachwerk aus Stützstäben angeordnet ist. Insbesondere bei offenen Stützstab-Ketten dienen die Deckplatten als stabilisierende Bauteilkomponenten, die für die Steifigkeit des Systems von Vorteil sind.In a further development of the invention, the structural unit has an upper and lower cover plate, between which the framework is arranged from support rods. Particularly in the case of open support rod chains, the cover plates serve as stabilizing component parts which are advantageous for the rigidity of the system.

Die Struktureinheit kann wenigstens einen aus Stützstäben gebildeten Ringanker aufweisen. Ein solcher Ringanker dient vor allem zur Ableitung von Torsionskräften im Belastungsfall.The structural unit may comprise at least one ring anchor formed from support rods. Such a ring anchor is used primarily for the derivation of torsional forces under load.

Es ist möglich, dass die Struktureinheit eine hexagonale Außenkontur aufweist. Es sind jedoch auch andere Außenkonturen denkbar.It is possible that the structural unit has a hexagonal outer contour. However, other outer contours are conceivable.

In besonders bevorzugter Weise sind mehrere Struktureinheiten zu einem Struktureinheit-Cluster verbunden.In a particularly preferred manner, a plurality of structural units are connected to form a structural unit cluster.

Es ist möglich, dass die Stützstäbe in variierenden Winkeln miteinander verbunden sind. Diese hängen von der Bauhöhe ab.It is possible that the support rods are connected at varying angles. These depend on the height.

Bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung weisen die Stützstäbe innerhalb einer Struktureinheit eine Gitterform auf, die als hexagonal dichte Packung ausgebildet ist. Falls dann die Struktureinheit zusätzlich noch eine hexagonale Außenkontur aufweist, ist ein aus solchen Struktureinheiten gebildetes Struktureinheit-Cluster besonders dicht gepackt.In a further development of the invention, the support rods within a structural unit on a grid shape, which is formed as a hexagonal dense packing. If the structural unit then additionally has a hexagonal outer contour, a structural unit cluster formed from such structural units is packed particularly densely.

Bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind an Verbindungsstellen zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten Stützstäben kugelähnliche Knoten ausgebildet.In a further development of the invention, ball-like nodes are formed at connection points between in each case two adjacent support rods.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner noch die Verwendung einer Leichtbaustruktur gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16 als Fachwerkstruktur, insbesondere Fachwerkträger.The invention further relates to the use of a lightweight structure according to one of claims 1 to 16 as a framework structure, in particular trusses.

Technische Beispiele sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden im Folgenden näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigen:

Figur 1
eine perspektivische Darstellung eines ersten technischen Beispiels einer Leichtbaustruktur,
Figur 2
einen Schnitt durch die Leichtbaustruktur von Figur 1 entlang der Linie II-II aus Figur 1,
Figur 3
eine perspektivische Teilansicht eines zweiten technischen Beispiels einer Leichtbaustruktur,
Figur 4
eine perspektivische Ansicht des zweiten technischen Beispiels,
Figur 5
eine perspektivische Darstellung eines dritten technischen Beispiels einer Leichtbaustruktur,
Figur 6
eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Komponente eines vierten technischen Beispiels einer Leichtbaustruktur,
Figur 7
eine perspektivische Darstellung des vierten technischen Beispiels mit einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Komponente von Figur 6,
Figur 8
eine perspektivische Darstellung des vierten technischen Beispiels einer Leichtbaustruktur
Figur 9
eine perspektivische Darstellung eines fünften technischen Beispiels einer Leichtbaustruktur.
Technical examples are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail below. The drawing show:
FIG. 1
a perspective view of a first technical example of a lightweight structure,
FIG. 2
a section through the lightweight structure of FIG. 1 along the line II-II FIG. 1 .
FIG. 3
a perspective partial view of a second technical example of a lightweight structure,
FIG. 4
a perspective view of the second technical example,
FIG. 5
a perspective view of a third technical example of a lightweight structure,
FIG. 6
a perspective view of a component of a fourth technical example of a lightweight structure,
FIG. 7
a perspective view of the fourth technical example with another embodiment of the component of FIG. 6 .
FIG. 8
a perspective view of the fourth technical example of a lightweight structure
FIG. 9
a perspective view of a fifth technical example of a lightweight structure.

Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen ein technisches Beispiels einer Leichtbaustruktur 11. Die Leichtbaustruktur 11 verfügt im Beispielsfall über wenigstens eine Struktureinheit 12, die aus mehreren miteinander zu einem Fachwerk verbundenen Stützstäben 13 aufgebaut ist.The Figures 1 and 2 show a technical example of a lightweight structure 11. The lightweight structure 11 has in the example, at least one structural unit 12, which is composed of a plurality of mutually connected to a truss support rods 13.

Es ist selbstverständlich möglich, mehrere solcher in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Struktureinheiten 12 zu einem Struktureinheit-Cluster (nicht dargestellt) zu verbinden.It is of course possible to connect a plurality of such structural units 12 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to form a structural unit cluster (not shown).

Die in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte Struktureinheit 12 besitzt ein Zentrum 14, von dem aus sternenförmig mehrere Stützstäbe 13 nach radial außen verlaufen. Die Stützstäbe 13 sind jeweils an ihren zentrumsfernen Enden 15 mit einem ebenfalls aus Stützstäben 13 aufgebauten Ringanker 16 verbunden. Jeweils zwei in Umfangsrichtung benachbarte Stützstäbe 13 und ein Stützstab 13 des Ringankers bilden dabei eine Stützstruktur 17 in Form eines Stützdreiecks. Im Beispielsfall bilden sechs solcher Stützdreiecke eine hexagonartige Stützebene.The in the Figures 1 and 2 shown structural unit 12 has a center 14, from which a plurality of support rods 13 extend radially outwardly in a radially outward direction. The support rods 13 are each connected at their center distal ends 15 with a likewise constructed of support rods 13 ring anchor 16. In each case, two circumferentially adjacent support rods 13 and a support rod 13 of the ring anchor form a support structure 17 in the form of a support triangle. In the example, six such support triangles form a hexagonal support plane.

Wie insbesondere in Figur 2 dargestellt, sind die Stützstäbe 13 jeweils stetig miteinander verbunden. Im Beispielsfall sind zueinander benachbarte Stützstäbe 13 tangentenstetig miteinander verbunden. Die Übergänge zwischen den Stützstäben 13 sind also ausgerundet, so dass Kerben vermieden sind, die im Belastungsfall für Kerbspannungen sorgen können, die im schlimmsten Fall sogar zu einem Bruch in der Struktureinheit 12 führen können.As in particular in FIG. 2 shown, the support rods 13 are each connected to each other steadily. In the example, mutually adjacent support rods 13 are tangentially connected to each other. The transitions between the support rods 13 are therefore rounded, so that notches are avoided, which can provide stress loads in case of stress, which can even lead to a break in the structural unit 12 in the worst case.

Besonders deutlich ist die Tangentenstetigkeit beim Übergang benachbarte Stützstäbe 13 im Bereich des Zentrums 14 dargestellt. Jedoch setzt sich die Tangentenstetigkeit auch in der senkrecht zur oberen Stützebene ausgebildeten Ebene fort.Particularly clearly, the tangent continuity is shown in the transition adjacent support rods 13 in the region of the center 14. However, the tangent continuity continues even in the plane formed perpendicular to the upper support plane.

Wie insbesondere in Figur 2 dargestellt, befindet sich der oberen hexagonartigen Stützebene entgegengesetzt eine untere Stützebene, die identisch zur oberen Stützebene ebenfalls aus Stützdreiecken aufgebaut ist. Die Ringanker 16 der beiden Stützebenen sorgen für die optimale Kraftableitung bei Torssionsspannungen, während die sternenförmig angeordneten Stützstäbe 13 insbesondere für die Kraftableitung bei Scherkräften sorgen.As in particular in FIG. 2 shown, the upper hexagonal support plane is opposite to a lower support level, which is identical to the upper support level also constructed of support triangles. The ring anchors 16 of the two support levels provide optimal power dissipation at Torssionsspannungen, while the star-shaped support rods 13 provide in particular for the power dissipation at shear forces.

In Figur 2 ist ebenfalls dargestellt, dass die sternenförmig angeordneten Stützstäbe 13 in Axialrichtung zu einer durch das Zentrum 14 verlaufenden Längsache 18 eine axiale Komponente aufweisen. Dabei sind die Stützstäbe 13 der einen Stützebene fluchtend zu den Stützstäben 13 der anderen Stützebene ausgerichtet und verlaufen in Axialrichtung aufeinander zu und gehen dann ebenfalls tangentenstetig ineinander über. Die axiale Komponente der jeweiligen Stützstäbe 13 dient insbesondere zur Aufnahme von Zug- und Druckkräften die senkrecht auf die Stützebenen einwirken.In FIG. 2 is also shown that the star-shaped support rods 13 in the axial direction to a running through the center 14 longitudinal axis 18 have an axial component. In this case, the support rods 13 of a support plane are aligned with the support rods 13 of the other support plane and extend in the axial direction toward each other and then also go tangent-continuous into each other. The axial component of the respective support rods 13 serves in particular for receiving tensile and compressive forces which act perpendicular to the support planes.

Zur Aufnahme von Zug- und Druckkräften sind ferner die beiden Ringanker 16 an den jeweiligen Enden der Stützdreiecke über sich kreuzende und in Axialrichtung verlaufende Stützstäbe 13 miteinander verbunden. Auch hier sind an den Knotenpunkten tangentenstetige Übergänge ausgebildet.To accommodate tensile and compressive forces further the two ring anchors 16 are connected to each other at the respective ends of the support triangles crossing and extending in the axial direction support rods. Again, tangential transitions are formed at the junctions.

Schließlich sind noch an den ringankerseitigen Knotenpunkten benachbarter Stützdreiecke in Axialrichtung verlaufende Stützstäbe 13 vorgesehen, die die beiden Stützebenen miteinander verbinden.Finally, supporting rods 13 which extend in the axial direction and which connect the two support planes with one another are still provided on the ring-armature-side nodal points of adjacent support triangles.

Die hexagonale Außenkontur der Struktureinheiten 12 ermöglicht Struktureinheit-Cluster mit maximaler Packungsdichte.The hexagonal outer contour of the structural units 12 allows structural unit clusters with maximum packing density.

Die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen ein zweites technisches Beispiel einer Leichtbaustruktur 11. Auch hier sind mehrere Stützstäbe 13 zu einem Raumfachwerk miteinander verbunden. Die Stützstäbe 13 erstrecken sich entlang der Z-Achse eines X, Y, Z- Koordinatensystems, bei dem es sich um ein kartesisches Koordinatensystem handeln kann.The FIGS. 3 and 4 show a second technical example of a lightweight structure 11. Again, there are several support rods 13 connected to a space frame. The support rods 13 extend along the Z-axis of an X, Y, Z coordinate system, which may be a Cartesian coordinate system.

In der X-Y-Ebene sind zwei Deckplatten 19a, 19b vorgesehen, zwischen denen die Stützstäbe 13 verlaufen. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Stützstäbe 13 jeweils über Knoten 20 endseitig an die eine und die andere Deckplatte 19a, 19b kraftflußoptimiert eingebunden, beispielsweise angeschweißt, wobei zusätzlich eine An-/Einbindung mit benachbarten ebenfalls über denselben Knoten 20 einmündenden Stützstäben 13 erfolgt.In the X-Y plane, two cover plates 19a, 19b are provided, between which the support rods 13 extend. Conveniently, the support rods 13 are each connected via nodes 20 end to one and the other cover plate 19a, 19b kraftflußoptimiert, for example, welded, in addition, an attachment / integration with adjacent likewise via the same node 20 opening support rods 13 takes place.

Die Übergänge der Stützstäbe 13 an den Knoten sind tangentenstetig. Auch hier sind als kleinste Untergruppe Struktureinheiten 17 aus Stützdreiecken vorgesehen, die aus jeweils zwei Stützstäben 13 und einem Abschnitt der Deckplatte 19a, 19b gebildet sind.The transitions of the support rods 13 at the nodes are tangentenstetig. Here as well, structural units 17 made of supporting triangles are provided as the smallest subgroup, which are each formed from two support rods 13 and a portion of the cover plate 19a, 19b.

Charakteristisch sind auch X-förmige Substrukturen 21, die jeweils aus zwei sich kreuzenden oder vier an einem Knoten 20 miteinander verbundenen Stützstäben 13 bestehen. Der Winkel der sich kreuzenden oder miteinander verbundenen Stützstäbe 13 ergibt sich aus der Bauteilhöhe. Die X-förmigen Substrukturen 21 sind wiederum untereinander an an den Deckplatten 19a, 19b liegenden Knoten 20 miteinander verbunden.Also characteristic are X-shaped substructures 21, each consisting of two intersecting or four interconnected at a node 20 support rods 13. The angle of the intersecting or interconnected support rods 13 results from the component height. The X-shaped substructures 21 are in turn connected to one another at nodes 20 located on the cover plates 19a, 19b.

Die Volumenersparnis einer solchen Struktureinheit 12 beträgt gegenüber einem gefüllten Quader gleicher Proportionen bis zu ca. 97%. Die Struktureinheit 12 lässt sich in X-, Y- oder Z-Achse zu einem Struktureinheit-Cluster erweitern.The volume saving of such a structural unit 12 is up to about 97% compared to a filled cuboid of the same proportions. The structural unit 12 can be extended in the X, Y or Z axis to form a structural unit cluster.

Figur 5 zeigt ein drittes technisches Beispiel einer Leichtbaustruktur 11. Auch hier sind mehrere Stützstäbe 13 zu einem Raumfachwerk miteinander verbunden. FIG. 5 shows a third technical example of a lightweight structure 11. Again, a plurality of support rods 13 are connected to a space frame with each other.

Als kleinste Untergruppe sind hier Stützstrukturen 17 in Form von aus sechs Stützstäben 13 miteinander verbunden Hexagonen vorgesehen, wobei die Übergange zwischen jeweils zwei Stützstäben 13 tangentenstetig ausgebildet sind.Support structures 17 in the form of hexagons connected to one another from six support rods 13 are provided here as the smallest subgroup, wherein the transitions between each two support rods 13 are formed tangent-like.

Ferner liegen zueinander benachbarte Verbindungsstellen zwischen zwei Stützstäben 13 innerhalb eines Hexagons in jeweils anderen Ebenen, so dass das Hexagon nach Art eines aufgefalteten Sechsecks räumlich aufgestellt ist. Die Struktureinheit 12 ist insgesamt als Hexagon-Gitter aus einer Vielzahl von Hexagonen aufgebaut, wobei jeder Stützstab 13 Bestandteil von zueinander benachbarten Hexagonen ist.Furthermore, mutually adjacent joints between two support rods 13 within a hexagon in each other levels, so that the hexagon is placed spatially in the manner of a folded hexagon. The structural unit 12 is constructed overall as a hexagonal lattice of a plurality of hexagons, wherein each support rod 13 is part of mutually adjacent hexagons.

Ähnlich wie beim zweiten technischen Beispiel ist auch hier eine obere und untere Deckplatte 19a, 19b vorgesehen, zwischen denen sich das Hexagon-Gitter erstreckt.Similar to the second technical example, an upper and lower cover plate 19a, 19b is also provided, between which the hexagonal grid extends.

Die Figuren 6 bis 8 zeigen ein viertes technisches Beispiel einer Leichtbaustruktur. Auch hier sind mehrere Stützstäbe 13 zu einem Raumfachwerk miteinander verbunden.The FIGS. 6 to 8 show a fourth technical example of a lightweight structure. Again, several support rods 13 are connected together to form a space framework.

Als kleinste Untergruppe sind hier aus jeweils vier Stützstäben 13 gebildete Stützstrukturen 17 vorgesehen. Dabei bilden jeweils zwei Stützstäbe 13 eine V-förmige Substruktur 22. Die beiden V-förmigen Substrukturen 22 verlaufen im Winkel zueinander und sind an den freien Enden der Schenkel miteinander verbunden.As the smallest subgroup 13 supporting structures 17 are provided here in each case four support rods. In each case two support rods 13 form a V-shaped substructure 22. The two V-shaped substructures 22 extend at an angle to one another and are connected to one another at the free ends of the legs.

Figur 6 zeigt ein technisches Beispiel, bei der das Raumfachwerk aus zwei Stützstrukturen 17 vorgenannter Art gebildet ist, wobei eine Oberstruktur 23a und eine kleiner dimensionierte in die Oberstruktur 23a eingelagerte erste Unterstruktur 23b vorgesehen ist, wobei die erste Unterstruktur 23b als Fraktal der Oberstruktur 23a ausgebildet ist. FIG. 6 shows a technical example in which the space frame is formed of two support structures 17 of the aforementioned type, wherein a top structure 23a and a smaller dimensioned in the top structure 23a embedded first sub-structure 23b is provided, wherein the first sub-structure 23b is formed as a fractal of the top structure 23a.

Figur 7 zeigt ein technisches Beispiel bei der in die erste Unterstruktur 23b noch eine gegenüber dieser kleiner dimensionierte zweite Unterstruktur 23c eingelagert ist. Theoretisch ließe sich das n-fach fortsetzen. FIG. 7 shows a technical example in which in the first sub-structure 23b is still a smaller dimensioned relative to this second sub-structure 23c stored. Theoretically, this could be continued n times.

Figur 8 zeigt das vierte technische Beispiel in Gesamtansicht. Ähnlich wie beim zweiten und dritten Ausführungsbeispiel ist hier eine obere und untere Deckplatte 19a, 19b vorgesehen, zwischen denen sich die das aus Stützstäben 13 gebildeten Raumfachwerk erstreckt. FIG. 8 shows the fourth technical example in overall view. Similar to the second and third embodiments here an upper and lower cover plate 19 a, 19 b is provided, between which extends the space frame formed by support rods 13.

Bei dem Raumfachwerk sind mit mehreren Untergruppen ausgestatte Stützstrukturen 17 vorgenannter Art miteinander verbunden, wobei die Kanten extrahiert sind, so dass insgesamt eine wabenartige Raumfachwerk-Struktur gebildet ist.In the space framework, support structures 17 of the aforementioned type equipped with a plurality of subgroups are connected to one another, wherein the edges are extracted, so that overall a honeycomb-like space framework structure is formed.

Figur 9 zeigt schließlich ein fünftes technisches Beispiel einer Leichtbaustruktur 11. Auch hier sind mehrere Stützstäbe 13 zu einem Raumfachwerk miteinander verbunden. FIG. 9 Finally, shows a fifth technical example of a lightweight structure 11. Again, several support rods 13 are connected to a space framework with each other.

Es sind jeweils drei Stützstäbe 13 zu einer Stützstruktur 17 in Form eines Stützdreiecks zusammengesetzt, die wiederum zu einem Stützpolyeder in Form eines Tetraeders zusammengefügt sind.There are three support rods 13 in each case to form a support structure 17 in the form of a support triangle, which in turn are joined together to form a supporting polyhedron in the form of a tetrahedron.

Mehrere solche Tetraeder sind dann zu einer Struktureinheit 12 zusammengesetzt, wobei die Tetraeder wiederum als Fraktale zu Obergruppen-Tetraeder zusammengesetzt werden können, der dann ein Struktureinheit-Custer bildet. Alternativ können die Tetraeder auch beliebig zu einem Raumfachwerk zusammengesetzt werden.Several such tetrahedra are then assembled into a structural unit 12, wherein the tetrahedra in turn can be assembled as fractals to upper-group tetrahedra, which then forms a structural unit-Custer. Alternatively, the tetrahedra can also be combined as desired to a space framework.

Wie Figur 9 zeigt, sind an Verbindungsstellen zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten Stützstäben kugelförmige Knoten 24 ausgebildet.As FIG. 9 shows, spherical nodes 24 are formed at joints between each two adjacent support rods.

Die vorstehend beschriebenen technischen Beispiele einer Leichtbaustruktur 11 haben gemeinsam, dass benachbarte Stützstäbe 13 tangentenstetig miteinander verbunden sind. Daher sind diese Beispiele nicht Teil der Erfindung. Demgegenüber wird bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Leichtbaustruktur eine weitere Optimierung durch krümmungsstetige Übergänge zwischen den Stützstäben 13 erzielt, wodurch eine weitere Kerbspannungsoptimierung erzielt wird.The above-described technical examples of a lightweight structure 11 have in common that adjacent support rods 13 are tangentially connected to each other. Therefore, these examples are not part of the invention. In contrast, in a lightweight structure according to the invention further optimization is achieved by curvature continuous transitions between the support rods 13, whereby a further notch stress optimization is achieved.

Die erfindungsgemäße Leichtbaustruktur ist geeignet im Belastungsfall Zug-, Druck, Scher- und Torsionskräfte aufzunehmen und optimal abzuleiten.The lightweight structure according to the invention is suitable in the load case to absorb tensile and compressive, shear and torsional forces and optimally dissipate.

Claims (13)

  1. Lightweight structure with at least one structural unit (12), which is built up from several support rods (13) joined together to form a framework, wherein the support rods (13) are continuously joined to one another, wherein the structural unit (12) has a top and bottom cover plate (19a, 19b), between which the framework and support rods (13) are arranged, characterised in that the support rods (13) are joined together with constant curvature.
  2. Lightweight structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the support rods (13) are joined together to form support structures (17), which are combined into a space framework by modular addition.
  3. Lightweight structure according to claim 3, characterised in that the support structures (17) are in the form of support polygons, for example support triangles.
  4. Lightweight structure according to claim 3, characterised in that several support polygons are combined into support polyhedra.
  5. Lightweight structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the support structures (17), in particular support polyhedra, are in the form of fractals.
  6. Lightweight structure according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the support polyhedra are in the form of Platonic solids.
  7. Lightweight structure according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the support polyhedra are in the form of Archimedean solids.
  8. Lightweight structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the structural unit (12) has at least one ring beam (16) formed of support rods (13).
  9. Lightweight structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the structural unit (12) has a hexagonal outer contour.
  10. Lightweight structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that several structural units (12) are joined to form a structure unit cluster.
  11. Lightweight structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the support rods (13) within the structural unit (12) have a grid form, designed as hexagonal dense packing.
  12. Lightweight structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that spherical nodes (24) are formed at connection points between every two support rods (13).
  13. Use of a lightweight structure according to any of claims 1 to 12 as a framework structure, in particular a framework support.
EP12006857.2A 2012-10-02 2012-10-02 Lightweight construction structure Active EP2716828B1 (en)

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WO2017152238A1 (en) * 2016-03-10 2017-09-14 Monash University Light weight concrete
CN108824634B (en) * 2018-06-14 2020-10-27 西北工业大学 Light space lattice structure
GB202000410D0 (en) * 2020-01-10 2020-02-26 Upshot Intellectual Holdings Ltd Upright structure

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WO1981001807A1 (en) * 1979-12-19 1981-07-09 Hardigg Ind Inc Truss panel
WO1991019866A1 (en) * 1990-06-19 1991-12-26 Team Consulting Limited Composite materials
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US5623790A (en) * 1987-08-24 1997-04-29 Lalvani; Haresh Building systems with non-regular polyhedra based on subdivisions of zonohedra
EP0626030A1 (en) * 1992-02-11 1994-11-30 Allo Assmann Waste storage facility and reinforced concrete supporting framework for such a storage facility
AU700621B2 (en) * 1994-11-14 1999-01-07 Charles R. Owens Structural frame
US6931812B1 (en) * 2000-12-22 2005-08-23 Stephen Leon Lipscomb Web structure and method for making the same
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WO1981001807A1 (en) * 1979-12-19 1981-07-09 Hardigg Ind Inc Truss panel
WO1991019866A1 (en) * 1990-06-19 1991-12-26 Team Consulting Limited Composite materials
DE19528263A1 (en) * 1995-08-01 1997-02-06 Hans Hoffmann Construction component with three-dimensional grid-type body - has hollow space arrangement formed as network of recesses interconnecting and interwoven in all space directions
US20060080835A1 (en) * 2003-02-14 2006-04-20 Kooistra Gregory W Methods for manufacture of multilayered multifunctional truss structures and related structures there from

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