CN1310322A - 工业气体低温液化系统 - Google Patents

工业气体低温液化系统 Download PDF

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CN1310322A
CN1310322A CN01101516A CN01101516A CN1310322A CN 1310322 A CN1310322 A CN 1310322A CN 01101516 A CN01101516 A CN 01101516A CN 01101516 A CN01101516 A CN 01101516A CN 1310322 A CN1310322 A CN 1310322A
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小J·W·哈尔斯
H·R·肖布
M·A·马里诺
B·阿曼
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Praxair Technology Inc
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Abstract

一种用来液化工业气体的系统,其中工业气体被用第一和第二压缩系统压缩到两个压力水平,然后在具有水平方向显热交换流道和垂直方向冷凝热交换流道的热交换器中被加工处理。

Description

工业气体低温液化系统
本发明一般地说涉及为使工业气体液化的低温热交换。
低沸点气体如氧和氮的液化在投资和耗能方面都是很大的。典型的情况是，一些专业人员曾试图用多级涡轮机和液体膨胀机来解决改进液化器性能的问题。通常与这些系统联用的热交换器因工艺液力效果问题都是在垂直平面上取向的。这一传统实践导致需用很长的热端大口径管系行程，也需用可观的占地面积来布置后冷却器的热交换器和配用管系。
因此，本发明的目的是提供出一种改进设计，并比传统的工业气体液化系统价廉的工业气体液化系统。
本领域技术人员在读完本公开内容后将会清楚了解，本发明的上述目的和其它目的已由本发明加以实现，其中的一个方面是：
一种液化工业气体的方法，它包括：
(A)将工业气体加以压缩生产出压缩的工业气体，并进一步压缩该工业气体之一股，生产出压缩的第一股工业气体和进一步压缩的第二股工业气体；
(B)冷却该第一股工业气体，涡轮膨胀该冷却的第一股工业气体，借助于与进一步压缩的第二股工业气体进行水平方向逆流间接热交换，使被涡轮膨胀的第一股工业气体升温，以冷却该进一步压缩的第二股工业气体；
(C)将冷却的第二股工业气体分为第一部分和第二部分，涡轮膨胀该第一部分，并借助于与垂直流动的冷却的第二股工业气体的第二部分进行间接热交换，而使该被涡轮膨胀的第一部分升温，以液化该第二部分；以及
(D)将该液化的第二部分工业气体作为产品液化工业气体回收。
本发明的另一个方面是：
用以液化工业气体的装置，它包括：
(A)一台热交换器，它具有水平方向的热交换流道，并具有与该水平方向热交换流道相通的垂直方向热交换流道；
(B)第一压缩系统、第二压缩系统、往第一压缩系统和从第一压缩系统向热交换器的水平方向流道输送工业气体的设施、以及从第一压缩系统向第二压缩系统和从第二压缩系统向热交换器的水平方向流道输送工业气体的设施；
(C)第一涡轮膨胀机、第二涡轮膨胀机、从热交换器的水平方向流道向第一涡轮膨胀机和从第一涡轮膨胀机向热交换器的另一支水平方向流道送入工业气体的设施、以及从热交换器向第二涡轮膨胀机和从第二涡轮膨胀机向热交换器的或是垂直方向流道或是水平方向流道送入工业气体的设施；
(D)从热交换器的垂直方向流道回收液化工业气体的设施。
在此，术语“间接热交换”意指将两股流体投入热交换关系而相互间不进行任何的物质接触或混和。
术语“压缩机”意指一种设备，它能接受某一压力下的气态流体而排出较高压力的气态流体。
术语“涡轮膨胀”和“涡轮膨胀机”分别意指将高压流通过涡轮机使其压力和温度降低以制取冷能的方法和装置。
术语“过冷”和“过冷器”分别意指将一液体冷却到该液体在现有压力下饱和温度以下的温度的方法和装置。
术语“工业气体”意指主要含有氮、氧、天然气中的一种或一种以上、或者一种或一种以上其它碳氢化合物的流体。
附图为本发明特别优选的工业气体低温液化系统的简化示意图。
下面将参照此图对本发明作详细描述。图中，工业气体1，例如是来自空气分离厂的氮，其压力通常高达每平方英寸绝对压力20磅(psia)，被送往第一压缩系统，其中包括原料压缩机2和再循环压缩机3。在图中所示的实施方案中，工业气体原料气流1被与再循环气流4合并成联合气流5以送入原料压缩机2。
在原料压缩机2内，这股工业气体通常被压缩到50～85psia的压力范围，压缩后的气流6在冷却器7中被冷却掉压缩热。冷却后的工业气流8被送入第一压缩系统中的再循环压缩机3。在图中所示的本发明的实施方案中，中压回流气流9、来自空气分离厂的补充气流10、以及来自压缩机3的再循环气流11全部被送入工业气流8中，以形成工业气流12，以便送入再循环压缩机3中。
在再循环压缩机3中，气流12中的工业气体通常被压缩到190～380psia的压力范围，形成压缩的工业气流13。借助于通过冷却器14而把气流13中的压缩热除去，冷却后的压缩工业气流15被分为第一股16和第二股17。
热交换器包括有四个区段，在图中标为1、2、3、4区段。在1区段内的热交换流道是垂直方向的，2、3、4区段内的热交换流道走水平方向的。区段1内的热交换流道优选都是垂直方向的。但是，本发明也可以做成带有隔板和交叉流向的，这样可使区段1内的回流气流是水平方向，而产品气流则走垂直方向。本领域的技术人员会明白，在本发明的实践中，些许偏离绝对垂直方向或绝对水平方向是允许的，只要不过分牺牲本发明的效率就行。
第一股压缩工业气体16被送入区段4内的水平方向热交换流道并被通过该流道的气流所冷却而形成冷却的第一股压缩工业气体，该气体以气流19被从热交换器18的区段4中抽出。气流19中的第一股冷却的工业气体由于通过热端或第一涡轮膨胀机20而被涡轮膨胀，所形成的膨胀的第一股工业气体21由于通过热交换器18的区段3和4而被升温，流出后即是上述的回流气流9。
压缩的第二股工业气体17由于通过第二压缩系统而被进一步压缩，在附图所示的实施方案中，第二压缩系统包括热端增压压缩机22和冷端增压压缩机23。气流17通过压缩机22后通常被压缩到300～540psia的压力范围，所形成的工业气流24由于通过冷却器25而把压缩热冷却掉。所形成的气流26通过压缩机23后通常被压缩到450～760psia的压力范围，随后以气流27作为进一步压缩的第二股工业气体从这里流出。进一步压缩的第二股工业气体27由于通过冷却器28而把压缩热冷却掉，冷却后的进一步压缩的第二股工业气体被以气流29送入热交换器18区段4中的水平热交换流道中。
该进一步压缩的第二股工业气体在通过热交换器18的区段4、3和2时因与逆向流动正在升温的诸气流、例如前面描述过的气流21进行间接热交换而被冷却，形成冷却的第二股工业气体，其中的第一部分以气流30被从热交换器18中抽出而被送入冷端或第二涡轮膨胀机31。气流30在通过涡流膨胀机31时被涡轮膨胀而形成的涡轮膨胀气流32被送入热交换器18的区段1中优选为垂直方向的热交换流道中。
冷却的第二股工业气体的其余部分或第二部分则被向下送入热交换器18的区段1，优选与向上流动的诸气流、例如前述的气流32逆向行进并与之进行间接热交换而被液化，并形成液化的第二部分工业气体的液流33。如图中所示，气流32在与冷却的第二部分工业气体进行热交换后即水平方向通过热交换器18的区段2，然后与气流21合半，以便在作为前述气流9排出以前进一步流过热交换器18的区段3和4。
液流33可作为产品工业气体回收。图中所示为本发明特别优选的实施方案，其中液流33在回收前还经过过冷。按照这一特别优选的实施方案，液流33(可以是液体或者假液体，视其组成和压力而定)通过阀34被节流到通常80～120psia的压力范围，所形成的气流35借助于通过过冷器36而被过冷，从这里作为过冷液流37被抽出，以液流38作为产品液化工业气体而部分地或全部被回收。在图中所示的实施方案中，液流37并不全部直接回收，而是有一股从液流37分出的液流39被通过阀40而节流到通常是16～19psia的压力范围，并以气流41通过过冷器36，在此与液流35进行间接热交换而升温，同时实现液流35的过冷。所形成的气流42被从过冷器36送入热交换器18，优选逆向与前述正在冷却或冷凝的诸气流进行间接热交换而升温。气流42在热交换器18的区段1内向上流动，而水平穿过热交换器18的区段2、3和4，作为热气流43从热交换器18流出，通过阀44而形成前述的回流气流4。
由于在液化热交换器的显热交换区段内采用水平方向逆流间接热交换，而在冷凝区段内采用垂直方向逆流热交换，就实现了更高效率的工业气体液体。可在整套低温装置以外采用管道流程较短的机组式操作，而设备采用滑动式结构会更加方便。这样可使显热交换达到最大，而同时流体的分布、特别是在冷凝区段内的分布会更好。
虽然本发明是参照特别优的实施方案来描述的，但本领域的技术人员会承认，在权利要求的精神和范围之内，还会有本发明的其它实施方案。例如，也可采用平行的涡轮机布局来实施本发明。

Claims (10)

1．一种液化工业气体的方法，它包括：
(A)将工业气体加以压缩生产出压缩的工业气体，并进一步压缩该工业气体之一股，生产出压缩的第一股工业气体和进一步压缩的第二股工业气体；
(B)冷却该第一股工业气体，涡轮膨胀该冷却的第一股工业气体，借助于与进一步压缩的第二股工业气体进行水平方向逆流间接热交换，使被涡轮膨胀的第一股工业气体升温，以冷却该进一步压缩的第二股工业气体；
(C)将冷却的第二股工业气体分为第一部分和第二部分，涡轮膨胀该第一部分，并借助于与垂直流动的冷却的第二股工业气体的第二部分进行间接热交换，而使该被涡轮膨胀的第一部分升温，以液化该第二部分；以及
(D)将该液化的第二部分工业气体作为产品液化工业气体回收。
2．权利要求1的方法，其中液化的第二部分在作为产品液化工业气体回收以前进行了过冷。
3．权利要求2的方法，其中过冷的液化的第二部分中，有部分物流被降压，随后又借助于间接热交换器而升温，以实现液化的第二部分的过冷。
4．权利要求3的方法，其中所形成的升温的部分物流借助于与冷却的第二部分工业气体在垂直方向的逆流间接热交换而被进一步升温，以帮助该第二部分的液化。
5．权利要求4的方法，其中所形成的进一步升温的部分物流借助于进一步压缩的第二股工业气体进行水平方向的逆流间接热交换而再进一步升温，以帮助该第二股工业气体的冷却。
6．一种用以液化工业气体的装置，它包括：
(A)一台热交换器，它具有水平方向的热交换流道，并具有与该水平方向热交换流道相通的垂直方向热交换流道；
(B)第一压缩系统、第二压缩系统、往第一压缩系统和从第一压缩系统向热交换器的水平方向流道输送工业气体的设施、以及从第一压缩系统向第二压缩系统和从第二压缩系统向热交换器的水平方向流道输送工业气体的设施；
(C)第一涡轮膨胀机、第二涡轮膨胀机、从热交换器的水平方向流道向第一涡轮膨胀机和从第一涡轮膨胀机向热交换器的另一支水平方向流道送入工业气体的设施、以及从热交换器向第二涡轮膨胀机和从第二涡轮膨胀机向热交换器的或是垂直方向流道或是水平方向流道送入工业气体的设施；
(D)从热交换器的垂直方向流道回收液化工业气体的设施。
7．权利要求6的装置，它还包括一个过冷器，其中从热交换器的垂直方向流道回收液化工业气体的设施中包括有该过冷器。
8．权利要求7的装置，它还包括有节流阀、从过冷器往节流阀输送流体的设施、以及从节流阀向过冷器回输流体的设施。
9．权利要求8的装置，它还包括从过冷器向热交换器输送流体的设施。
10．权利要求6的装置，它还包括从热交换器向第一压缩系统输送流体的设施。
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