CN1304396C - 斑蝥素衍生物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及斑蝥素衍生物领域。公开了2种斑蝥素衍生物,分别为:(2S,3R)-3-(羧甲基)-2,3-二甲基-7-氧杂二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸和(2S,3S)-3-(羟甲基)-2,3-二甲基-7-氧杂二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸,均为白色固体。此两种化合物具有抗肿瘤细胞生长和抑制蛋白磷酸酶2A(PP2A)活性的作用。此外,还公开了此2种斑蝥素衍生物的制备方法。
Description
所属技术领域
本发明涉及斑蝥素衍生物及其制备方法。
背景技术
斑蝥素(cantharidin,CA)是广泛存在于1500多种斑蝥体内的一种天然防御性毒素。斑蝥属芫青科昆虫,性寒味辛,为剧毒中药材,除具有抗癌活性外,尚有抗病毒、壮阳、升高白细胞等多种活性。我国是世界上最早认识斑蝥药用价值的国家,在《本草纲目》中就其形态、习性及用法有详细记载。1810年,法国药物学家Robiquet从斑蝥种首次提取出斑蝥素粗提物。1914年,Gadamer证实了斑蝥素的化学结构。1953年,Gilbert stork首次在实验室合成了斑蝥素,但由于16kbar压力的苛刻条件,且无药用价值,至今尚未大量生产。
斑蝥素本身是一种半帖烯毒素,其毒性强烈。内服可引起胃肠炎症、粘膜坏死,可使肾小球上皮细胞严重损伤,出现蛋白尿、管型尿、血尿、及血清蛋白氮升高。斑蝥素用于治疗肝癌的临床用量是0.5mg/day,而其LD50为30mg/kg,中毒量为约1.0g,致死量约为3.0g,用药不当易使人中毒甚至死亡,至今未能临床使用。
因而,设计合成一些选择性抑制肿瘤细胞,对机体毒性小的斑蝥素衍生物具有重大意义。80年代,王广生等合成去甲斑蝥素及羟基斑蝥胺,甲基斑蝥胺和斑蝥酸钠,其中去甲斑蝥素毒性有所减少,临床用于肝癌、胃癌、结肠癌等肿瘤的辅助治疗。但由于对其作用机理研究较少,一直未能成为主流抗癌药物,且无知识产权。1992年旅美中国学者李燕明发现斑蝥素及其同系物在细胞内的作用靶点为PP2A。这一发现开启了重新评价斑蝥素作用及应用的大门。由于其结构简单,易于改造,澳大利亚的McCluskey和Sakoff等已经开始合成新的斑蝥素同系物的工作。其工作集中于探索系列化合物对纯化的PP2A抑制作用的构效关系的探讨上。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供斑蝥素衍生物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述斑蝥素衍生物的制备方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:结构通式(I)所示的斑蝥素衍生物,
式(I)中:
R1=-COOH,R2=-CH2COOH,得结构式CH-03的(2S,3R)-3-羧甲基-2,3-二甲基-7-氧杂二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸;或
R1=-COOH,R2=-CH2OH,得结构式LY-09的(2S,3S)-3-羟甲基-2,3-二甲基-7-氧杂二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸;
本发明的另一目的是这样实现的:结构式CH-03的斑蝥素衍生物,其制备方法为:将化合物CH-01溶于新蒸的DMSO中,并与KCN混和均匀,化合物CH-01与KCN的摩尔比为1.0∶1.0~3.0。在不断搅拌下加热回流4~8小时。反应体系冷却至室温,用20%H2SO4酸化至pH=3,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取,萃取液经饱和食盐水洗涤、MgSO4干燥、浓缩、柱层析纯化得以下结构式CH-02的化合物;室温下,将化合物CH-02溶于过量的浓盐酸中,缓慢升温至回流,反应5~8个小时,体系中有白色固体逐渐析出,将反应混合物过滤。固体经水洗、真空干燥;滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取、浓缩亦得白色固体。将两次所得固体合并经柱层析纯化得化合物CH-03;
本发明的另一目的是这样实现的:结构式LY-09的斑蝥素衍生物,其制备方法为:室温下,将结构式CH-01的化合物与过量20%NaOH混和,缓慢加热至回流,反应6~8个小时。经氯仿萃取、浓缩、柱层析纯化得化合物LY-09。
体外药理实验表明,化合物CH-03和LY-09对多种肿瘤细胞,包括人口腔上皮癌KB-3-1,人胃腺癌MGC803,肝癌HepG2,白血病HL-60和肺癌Glc82细胞株等,具有一定的生长抑制作用。同时,对蛋白磷酸酶2A活性的实验结果表明,化合物CH-03和LY-09对PP2A酶活性有明显抑制作用。因此,上述化合物可用于抗肿瘤药物。
具体实施方式
本发明提供3个新型的斑蝥素衍生物及其制备方法,其中两个化合物对恶性肿瘤细胞的生长和PP2A酶活性有抑制作用。
本发明所提供的化合物CH-02,中文名称为(2S,3R)-3-(氰基甲基)-2,3-二甲基-7-氧杂二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸;英文名称为(2S,3R)-3-(cyanomethyl)-2,3-dimethyl-7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid;分子式C11H15NO3;分子量为209.24;熔点为148.1~151.7℃;白色固体。结构式如下:
CH-02的合成路线为:
其合成方法的工艺步骤为:
将化合物CH-01溶于新蒸的DMSO中,并与KCN混和均匀,化合物CH-01与KCN的摩尔比为1.0∶1.0~3.0。在不断搅拌下加热回流4~8小时。反应体系冷却至室温,用适量的20%H2SO4酸化至pH=3,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取,萃取液经饱和食盐水洗涤、MgSO4干燥、浓缩、柱层析纯化得化合物CH-02。
本发明所提供的化合物CH-03,中文名称为(2S,3R)-3-羧甲基-2,3-二甲基-7-氧杂二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸;英文名称为(2S,3R)-3-(carboxymethyl)-2,3-dimethyl-7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid;分子为C11H16O5;分子量为228.24;熔点为232.2~232.3℃;白色固体。结构如下:
CH-03的合成路线为:
其合成方法的工艺步骤为:
室温下,将化合物CH-02溶于过量的浓盐酸中,缓慢升温至回流,反应5~8个小时,体系中有白色固体逐渐析出,将反应混合物过滤。固体经水洗、真空干燥;滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取、浓缩亦得白色固体。将两次所得固体合并经柱层析纯化得化合物CH-03。
本发明所提供的化合物LY-09,中文名称为:(2S,3S)-3-羟甲基-2,3-二甲基-7-氧杂二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸;英文名称为(2S,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dimethyl-7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid;分子式为C10H16O4;分子量为200.23;白色或淡黄色固体。其结构式为:
LY-09的合成路线为:
其合成方法的工艺步骤为:
室温下,将化合物CH-01与过量20%NaOH混和,缓慢加热至回流,反应6~8个小时。经氯仿萃取、浓缩、柱层析纯化得化合物LY-09。
体外药理实验表明,化合物CH-03和LY-09对多种肿瘤细胞,包括人口腔上皮癌KB-3-1,人胃腺癌MGC803,肝癌HepG2,白血病HL-60和肺癌Glc82细胞株等,具有一定的生长抑制作用(结果见表1)。同时,对蛋白磷酸酶2A活性的实验结果表明,化合物CH-03和LY-09对PP2A酶活性有明显抑制作用。(结果见表2)。因此,上述化合物可用于抗肿瘤药物。
表1 体外抑制肿瘤细胞生长活性实验(IC50,μM)
样品 | KB-3-1 | MGC803 | HepG2 | HL-60 | Glc82 |
Cantharidin*Norcantharidin*CH-03LY-09 | 2.769.5±8.556.279.2 | 5.4±0.4161.9±56.994.9123.6 | 19.1212.9±26.2155.8218.5 | 2.715.7>200103.2 | 1.25.3>20092.1 |
*斑蝥素,去甲斑蝥素为阳性对照,IC50为50%抑制浓度
表2 PP2A和PP1酶活性抑制实验(IC50,μM)
样品 | PP2A | PP1 |
Cantharidin*Norcantharidin*CH-03LY-09 | 0.280.5629.9123.44 | 1.981.89-39.43 |
*斑蝥素,去甲斑蝥素作为PP2A抑制剂的阳性对照(与文献报道值基本一致,参考文献J.A.Sakoff,et al.Investigational New Drugs 20:1-11,2002)
实施例1
化合物CH-02及其合成
将CH-01 91.0mg(5.0mmol)溶于新蒸的DMSO(10.0mL)并与KCN 97.5mg(15.0mmol)混和均匀,在不断搅拌的情况下于油浴中加热回流5小时。反应体系在室温下冷却,加入20%H2SO4酸化至pH=3,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相经饱和食盐水洗涤、MgSO4干燥、浓缩、柱层析纯化得到30.9mg白色固体。产率为29.6%。产物经元素分析、IR谱、1H NMR谱、MS谱测定。分析结果如下:
元素分析(计算值/测定值)(%):C 63.14/63.05,H 7.23/7.48,N 6.69/6.58;
IR谱(KBr):2982.4,2235.7,1709.9,1689.2,1481.1,1446.1,1266.6,1164.3,1126.2,1006.9,932.4,879.1,817.3,588.4,469.2cm-1;
1H NMR谱(300MHz,CDCl3),δ:1.24(s,3H),1.25(s,3H),1.53~1.76(m,2H),1.77~1.85(m,2H),2.54(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),2.71(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),4.41(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.91(d,J=4.5Hz,1H);
FAB-MS谱m/z:210([M+H]+,30%)。
实施例2
化合物CH-03及其合成
在25mL的圆底烧瓶中,放置CH-02209.2mg(1.0mmol),室温下加入浓盐酸10.0mL使之溶解,油浴缓慢升温,回流反应8个小时,体系中有白色固体逐渐析出,将反应混合物过滤。固体经水洗、真空干燥;滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取、浓缩亦得白色固体。将两次所得固体合并经柱层析纯化得134.0mg白色固体。产率为58.7%。产物经IR谱、1H NMR谱、MS谱测定。分析结果如下:
IR谱(KBr):3065.9,2975.6,1754.9,1722.6,1348.6,1279.1,1200.5,1160.6,1085.8,992.3,928.5,853.8,742.1,653.8,552.4cm-1;
1H NMR谱(300MHz,d6-Acetone),δ:1.19(s,3H),1.41(s,3H),1.95(d,J=16.8Hz,1H),1.62~2.31(m,4H),3.27(d,J=16.8Hz,1H),4.39(dd,J=10.5,6.9Hz,1H),4.94(dd,J=11.7,4.8Hz,1H);
MS(ESI)谱m/z:227.3([M-H]+,100),228.3(M+,11%)。
实施例3
化合物LY-09及其合成
在25mL圆底烧瓶中,放置化合物CH-01 54.6mg(0.3mmol)和20%NaOH 10mL,缓慢加热至回流。反应8个小时。经氯仿萃取、浓缩、柱层析纯化得34.6mg白色固体。产率为57.7%。产物经1H NMR谱、MS谱测定。分析结果如下:
1H NMR谱(300MHz,CDCl3),δ:1.08(s,3H),1.14(s,3H),1.58~1.85(m,4H),3.96(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.22(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.28(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),3.95(d,J=4.5Hz,1H);
MS(ESI)谱m/z:199.3([M-H]+,100),200.3(M+,16%)。
实施例4
发明所述化合物的体外实验
(1)化合物体外抗肿瘤细胞增殖实验
所选的细胞株包括:人口腔上皮癌KB-3-1,人胃腺癌MGC803,肝癌HepG2,白血病HL-60和肺癌Glc82细胞株等。取对数生长期肿瘤细胞制成一定浓度的细胞悬液接种于96孔板中,每孔加入一定浓度的待测药物,对照孔不加药物,每个浓度设4个平行孔。培养68小时加入MTT100ug/孔,继续培养4小时,弃去培养液,加入200ul二甲基亚砜,震荡15分钟完全溶解后,用酶标仪测定570/630nm双波长吸光光度值,用Logit法计算抑制50%细胞生长时的药物浓度(IC50)。实验重复3次,结果见表1。
(2)化合物体外抑制纯PP2A酶活性实验
体外抑制PP2A酶活性测定(孔雀石绿法):每孔5μl蛋白磷酸酶作用底物加到96半孔板(底物终浓度250μM),再加3μl(即0.03单位)PP2A纯品(或PP1),然后每孔加不同浓度的候选化合物10μl,最后一排不加药,加等体积已去除磷酸根纯净水作为空白对照,37℃孵育30min,每孔加AB混合液80μl显色10min,测定OD630nm。用Logit法计算化合物对PP2A的半数抑制浓度IC50。结果见表2。
Claims (3)
2.权利要求1所述的结构式CH-03的斑蝥素衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:将化合物CH-01溶于新蒸的DMSO中,并与KCN混和均匀,化合物CH-01与KCN的摩尔比为1.0∶1.0~3.0,在不断搅拌下加热回流4~8小时,反应体系冷却至室温,用20%H2SO4酸化至pH=3,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取,萃取液经饱和食盐水洗涤、MgSO4干燥、浓缩、柱层析纯化得结构式CH-02的化合物;室温下,化合物CH-02溶于过量的浓盐酸中,缓慢升温至回流,反应5~8个小时,体系中有白色固体逐渐析出,将反应混合物过滤,固体经水洗、真空干燥;滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取、浓缩亦得白色固体,将两次所得固体合并经柱层析纯化得化合物CH-03
3.权利要求1所述的结构式LY-09的斑蝥素衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:室温下,将化合物CH-01与过量20%NaOH混和,缓慢加热至回流,反应6~8个小时,经氯仿萃取、浓缩、柱层析纯化得化合物LY-09
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US7794965B2 (en) | 2002-03-13 | 2010-09-14 | Signum Biosciences, Inc. | Method of identifying modulators of PP2A methylase |
US7923041B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2011-04-12 | Signum Biosciences, Inc. | Compositions and methods for enhancing cognitive function |
US8221804B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2012-07-17 | Signum Biosciences, Inc. | Compositions and methods for enhancing cognitive function |
US9486441B2 (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2016-11-08 | Signum Biosciences, Inc. | Compounds, compositions and methods for making the same |
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US7794965B2 (en) | 2002-03-13 | 2010-09-14 | Signum Biosciences, Inc. | Method of identifying modulators of PP2A methylase |
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