CN1302709C - Application of calcium carbimide in prevention of blood fluke - Google Patents

Application of calcium carbimide in prevention of blood fluke Download PDF

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CN1302709C
CN1302709C CN 200510093030 CN200510093030A CN1302709C CN 1302709 C CN1302709 C CN 1302709C CN 200510093030 CN200510093030 CN 200510093030 CN 200510093030 A CN200510093030 A CN 200510093030A CN 1302709 C CN1302709 C CN 1302709C
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nitrolim
hours
spiral shell
oncomelania
always extremely
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CN1729785A (en
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朱振林
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NINGXIA DARONG CHEMICAL AND METALLURGY CO Ltd
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NINGXIA DARONG CHEMICAL AND METALLURGY CO Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a new application of calcium carbimide having the molecular formula of CaCN2, particularly to a new application to preventing schistosomiasis. The calcium carbimide can effectively kill oncomelanias, eulimidaes and amazonian snails which are the hosts of schistosomes, wherein the amazonian snails as an introduced species have serious harm to Chinese paddy rice crop production and other aquatic crops, and the miracidia of the schistosomes can be also effectively killed. The calcium carbimide can be used for substituting niclosamide as the unique chemical snail killing medicament recommended by the World Health Organization, and can effectively reduce the toxic hazard of the niclosamide to the environment, the soil, the water quality and aquatic animals and crops, such as fish, etc. The calcium carbimide can not influence water and environment after utilization, can effectively eradicate the oncomelanias which are the most important pestiferous source in the propagation process of schistosomiasis, and can control the schistosomiasis propagated in China at present. The calcium carbimide has the advantages of easy use, low cost of killing the snails, no pollution to the environment, etc., and simultaneously, the calcium carbimide having large production has the condition of generalization and utilization in the large areas of China.

Description

The application of nitrolim in preventing blood fluke
Technical field
The present invention relates to nitrolim (molecular formula CaCN 2) new purposes, particularly in the new application that prevents aspect the schistosomiasis.
Background technology
Nitrolim is commonly called as calcium cyanamide or carbon CaCl2, and its molecular formula is CaCN 2, molecular weight: 80.106, the physico-chemical property of calcium cyanamide: be slightly soluble in water, be insoluble to alcohol, easily the moisture absorption plays hydrolysis, and volume increases.The purposes of present calcium cyanamide: as alkaline fertilizer, one of industrial raw material of making cyanide fusant, dicyandiamide, melamine, thiocarbamide, production weed killer herbicide, bactericide, agrochemical agricultural chemicals.At present, the main manufacturer of domestic calcium cyanamide has: Darong Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Ningxia, Ningxia English Z-TEK chemical inc, Zhejiang hugeization calcium carbide Co., Ltd etc.
Have 76 countries and regions that schistosomiasis endemic is arranged in the world, the blood fluke that infects human body has 19 kinds.The popular blood fluke of China, Japan, Philippine, the Indonesia in Asia, because of being that the Japanese finds as far back as Japan, so be called Schistosoma japonicum.The only popular Schistosoma japonicum of China is called for short blood fluke.Oncomelania is the media host of Schistosoma japonicum.The data of announcing according to country shows, blood fluke is in China mainly is distributed in 427 counties (city, district) scope of 12 provinces such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Shanghai of the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River one band and areas to the south, the Yangtze river basin.The pathogeny carrier of blood fluke maximum is an oncomelania, belongs to amphibious property shellfish biology.Schistosomiasis endemic is consistent with the geographical distribution of oncomelania.At present, national snail distribution area reaches 2.22 ten thousand hectares, accumulative total blood fluke patient more than 1,200 ten thousand examples.How administering the oncomelania harm of the Yangtze river basin and Dongting Lake Area, is the problem demanding prompt solution of pendulum in face of people.
The pathogeny carrier oncomelania of blood fluke maximum belongs to amphibious property shellfish biology.Expert introduction says, the time of a pair of oncomelania a year and a half can breed 250,000 offsprings, and huge quantity several hundreds of millions mu in the whole nation river port Hu Cha, marsh Tan Zhou are thick with, and are interdependent with the blood fluke that same breeding is surprising, constituted out-and-out human natural enemy.Have only the propagation link of cutting off schistosomiasis, could control the propagation of schistosomiasis, its popular obtaining is limited.The main method of existing control schistosomiasis propagation link is a killing oncomelania.
Snail killing agent commonly used at present mainly contains niclosamidum, penta sodium pentachlorophenate and acetbromamide.In the popular Japanese schistosomiasis in China and Asia area, be the most serious to human health damage, also be the schistosomiasis of difficulty of prevention and cure maximum.Multiplying the oncomelania of Yu Jiang, lake, continent, beach, irrigation canals and ditches, is the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum.Killing oncomelania can fundamentally be blocked the propagation of schistosomiasis, and the chemicals spiral shell that goes out is one of effective measures of control oncomelania.Niclosamidum is the unique chemical snail killing agent of world health organisation recommendations, but the 50% bayluscid wetting powder that generally uses at present, exist poorly soluble, suspensibility is low, very easily stop up defective such as drug-spraying instrument.Simultaneously, with the niclosamidum spiral shell that goes out, oncomelania is usually dried up to swash, and escapes drug effect, and this medicine is to the toxic effect of fish, and costs an arm and a leg.The promotion and application of niclosamidum have seriously been restricted.
Though penta sodium pentachlorophenate also has good sn ail control effect,, progressively be eliminated because of contaminated environment.The acetbromamide molluscicide effect is strong, and is low to toxicity in fish, soluble in water, easy to use, but price is more expensive, do not produce in a large number as yet at present.
" the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference's newspaper " the medical board Zhong Weikun of B1 version Wuhan University professor mentioned in " prevention and cure of schistosomiasis: the spiral shell difficulty of going out is proved effective " literary composition according on August 17th, 2005, and " killing oncomelania, its difficulty equal to eliminate a species gene.Use snail control with drugs, also can pollution in wide area soil, water quality, aquatic animals and plants such as fish are poisoned big, the composition that has enters human body with edible aquatic animals and plants, can become the cancer mutagen, still not having at present long-range science tracking evaluation system and using various snail killing agents in a large number, be comparison danger ".
On the other hand, show that according to interrelated data Pomacea canaliculata originates in South America Amazon River basin, introduces China Taiwan at first as high protein diet, cultured as special economic animal in introducing Guangdong in 1981, but owing to the not good people of being subjected to of its taste abandon.Yet, allow the people unexpected be that Pomacea canaliculata causes sizable harm from then on for the paddy rice plant husbandry of China.Grow water plants such as promptly beginning to nibble the drinking water rice after the Pomacea canaliculata hatching slightly.It bites paddy rice master tiller and effective tiller broken, causes effective fringe and reduces and cause the underproduction.Except paddy rice, aquatic cropss such as wild rice stem, water caltrop, water spinach have all become the food of Pomacea canaliculata.
In addition, Pomacea canaliculata still is the intermediate host that some infects pathogeny, if eat something rare or the edible spiral shell meat that does not boil, very easily causes food source property angiostrongyliasis cantonensis.Infect this disease, nematode larval can be invaded human brain, and the infringement central nervous system causes the eosinophilia meningitis.
At present, preventing aspect the spreading of schistosomiasis and Pomacea canaliculata, do not find also that sn ail control effect is good, noresidue, to environment, people and animals, the spiral shell material that goes out that aquatic organism toxicity is low.
Summary of the invention
The new purposes that the purpose of this invention is to provide nitrolim, the both application in preventing schistosomiasis.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: the application of nitrolim in the spiral shell that goes out is characterized in that killing snail with nitrolim.
Above-mentioned snail is bilharzial parasitic body oncomelania and light spiral shell.
Above-mentioned snail is a Pomacea canaliculata.
Above-mentioned nitrolim is a solid, and the content of nitrolim is 25-100% in the nitrolim solid, and all the other are impurity.
Above-mentioned nitrolim solid is powder or graininess.
Above-mentioned nitrolim is a liquid.
Above-mentioned nitrolim solution refers to the cyanamide solution that utilizes nitrolim to produce.
The percentage by weight of single cyanogen ammonia is 5-50% in the above-mentioned nitrolim liquid, and all the other are water and impurity.
The method for preparing nitrolim liquid adds entry during preparation in the nitrolim solid, stir simultaneously, makes its hydrolysis formation contain single cyanogen ammonia slurry or suspension or solution and gets final product.
The weight percent concentration of above-mentioned cyanamide solution is 15-60%, and preferred weight percent concentration is between the 25-50%.
The using method of nitrolim in the spiral shell that goes out is characterized in that nitrolim directly being sprayed or being sprinkling upon the water surface that contains bilharzial parasitic body oncomelania, light spiral shell or the water surface that contains Pomacea canaliculata.
The using method of nitrolim in the spiral shell that goes out is characterized in that nitrolim directly being sprayed or being sprinkling upon marshland that contains bilharzial parasitic body oncomelania, light spiral shell or the wetland that contains Pomacea canaliculata.
The content that guarantees nitrolim in the above-mentioned water surface or the wetland water is 25-10000ppm.
The serviceability temperature of nitrolim is 10-40 ℃.
The application of nitrolim in the bilharzial miracidium of going out is characterized in that killing bilharzial miracidium with nitrolim.
The using method of nitrolim in the bilharzial miracidium of going out, this method are nitrolim is directly sprayed or to be sprinkling upon the water surface that contains schistosoma miracidium.
The using method of nitrolim in the bilharzial miracidium of going out, this method are nitrolim is directly sprayed or to be sprinkling upon the wetland that contains schistosoma miracidium.
Method is nitrolim is directly sprayed or to be sprinkling upon the water surface that contains the blood sucker miracidium, and the content that makes nitrolim in the water is 25-10000ppm.
Characteristics of the present invention are:
1, sn ail control effect is good, environmentally safe, and help plant growing.
Oncomelania is bilharzial media host.Do not have oncomelania, schistosomiasis just can't be propagated.From the bilharzial history of life, pierce a schistosoma miracidium in the oncomelania body, just there are thousands of cercarias to discharge through vegetative propagation.This shows that oncomelania has played " adding fuel to the flames " in the epidemiological process of schistosomiasis, want the elimination schistosoma disease, just must killing oncomelania.At present, the spiral shell chemicals niclosamidum that goes out is unique snail killing agent that world health organisation recommendations is used.And adopt niclosamidum to go out in the spiral shell process, the subject matter that occurs has: one, country drops into a large amount of funds, for providing niclosamidum, the epidemic-stricken area is used to the spiral shell that goes out, but because niclosamidum is to toxic effects of economic aquatic product such as fish, shrimp, crabs, make the various economic aquatic products thing large tracts of land death in the pond, be subjected to the resistance at aquaculture family.We understand tool, and the niclosamidum that the aquaculture family usually provides free country is mixed with the very low solution of concentration, be used for the pond sterilization, and this concentration do not have molluscicide effect at all, and this is the main cause that causes oncomelania to spread unchecked in large tracts of land in recent years; When two, going out spiral shell with niclosamidum, oncomelania is usually dried up to swash, and escapes drug effect, be cause the sn ail control effect difference former therefore two; Three, because a large amount of uses of niclosamidum, also can pollution in wide area soil, water quality, the composition that has simultaneously enters human body with edible aquatic animals and plants, can become the cancer mutagen, and this is to cause three of main cause that several years large tracts of land spread unchecked.
By experiment, when utilizing nitrolim to go out spiral shell or bilharzial miracidium, on the one hand, water-snail eradication is effective, just oncomelania all can be killed in 48 hours, just bilharzial miracidium all can be killed in 2 hours; On the other hand, because the slow releasing function of nitrolim, after oncomelania is sucked that nitrolim is dried up and swashed, also can effectively kill it; The 3rd, nitrolim is as a kind of slow release fertilizer, in water-snail eradication and bilharzial miracidium, cercaria, can improve the soil, and replenishes calcium fertilizer deficiency in the soil, and the aquatic organism in environment, soil and fish pond, the lake is not had influence.
2, present, the output of domestic nitrolim is ten thousand tons of 30-40, and production scale had the trend of quick expansion in recent years, and as parasitic body oncomelania or the bilharzial miracidium of eliminating blood sucker, alternative niclosamidum becomes possibility with nitrolim.
3, nitrolim can decompose noresidue fully in water.Nitrolim resolves into cyanogen ammonia hydrogen calcium and slaked lime in water, cyanogen ammonia hydrogen calcium finally decomposes ammonification and carbonic acid gas, can the aquatic organism in environment and fish pond, the lake not impacted.In the rice field, catabolite can be utilized by plant absorbing as nitrogenous fertilizer.Therefore, nitrolim had both been killed snail in the rice field, and nitrogenous fertilizer is provided again, not only economy but also environmentally friendly.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the indoor sprinkling experiment of oncomelania
Experiment condition: indoor temperature is 26 ℃, relative moisture 60 ± 5%, and experimental facilities: culture dish (diameter 9cm), the quantity of oncomelania is 10 in each culture dish.
Select 8 culture dishes during experiment for use, get pollution-free earth, after shining dry grinding, get fine earth with 60 mesh sieves sieve, take by weighing 8 culture dishes after the 50g fine earth is put into numbering respectively, make the thick mud pan of 1-2cm, pave the back and add 15ml dechlorination running water, water content about 30%, in each culture dish, be placed in the negative oncomelania hupensis (Oncomelania hupensis) that the 6-8 of epidemic-stricken area collection in worksite revolves respectively and become 10 on spiral shell, in each culture dish, evenly spray into the nitrolim solution that the concentration for preparing is 100ppm, observe its death toll then with sprayer.Straying quatity and statistical data such as following table:
Clear water 2g 3g 5g 8g 10g 15g 20g
Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
24 hours 10 0 10 1 10 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 10 10 100 100 100 100 100
48 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
72 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
After 72 hours, pick all oncomelanias in the culture dish respectively, use flushing with clean water respectively, after recovery in 48 hours is raised, identify oncomelania death toll and survival number with hammering method.This experiment repeats 3 times.
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, when the nitrolim solution concentration is 30ppm, spray into different amounts, oncomelania hupensis is in 72 hours, and is all dead.
Embodiment 2: the indoor sprinkling experiment of oncomelania
Experiment condition and experimental technique, condition are identical with embodiment 1, and different is that the amount that sprays into nitrolim solution in each culture dish is 5g, the concentration of nitrolim solution and experimental data such as following table:
Clear water 25ppm 50ppm 100ppm 200ppm 400ppm 800ppm 10000ppm
Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
24 hours 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 3 10 5 10 10
Lethality % 0 10 20 20 20 30 50 100
48 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
72 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
After 72 hours, pick all oncomelanias in the culture dish respectively, use flushing with clean water respectively, after recovery in 48 hours is raised, identify oncomelania death toll and survival number with hammering method.This experiment repeats 3 times.
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, the nitrolim solution concentration sprays into the nitrolim of 5g variable concentrations in each culture dish when 25-10000ppm, and oncomelania hupensis is in 72 hours, and is all dead.
Embodiment 3: indoor the soaking of oncomelania killed experiment
Experiment condition: indoor temperature is 20 ℃, relative moisture 60 ± 5%, and experimental facilities: the 100ml beaker, the quantity of oncomelania is 10 in each 100ml beaker, the selecting for use as embodiment 1 of oncomelania.
Select 8 100ml beakers during experiment for use, in 8 100ml beakers, be respectively charged into the different nitrolim solution of concentration, solution concentration such as following table, in each beaker, be placed in the negative oncomelania hupensis (Oncomelania hupensis) that the 6-8 of epidemic-stricken area collection in worksite revolves and become 10 on spiral shell, be placed on the soup surface with Plastic screen, anti-oncomelania climbs out of.Experimental data such as following table:
Clear water 25ppm 50ppm 100ppm 200ppm 400ppm 800ppm 10000ppm
Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
24 hours 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 3 10 5 10 10
Lethality % 0 10 20 20 20 30 50 100
48 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
72 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
After 72 hours, pick all oncomelanias in the beaker respectively, use flushing with clean water respectively, after recovery in 48 hours is raised, identify oncomelania death toll and survival number with hammering method.This experiment repeats 3 times.
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, the nitrolim solution concentration sprays into the nitrolim of 5g variable concentrations in each culture dish when 25-10000ppm, and oncomelania hupensis is in 72 hours, and is all dead.
Embodiment 4: the indoor sprinkling experiment of light spiral shell
Experiment condition: indoor temperature is 26 ℃, relative moisture 60 ± 5%, and experimental facilities: culture dish (diameter 9cm), the quantity of light spiral shell is 10 in each culture dish.
Select 8 culture dishes during experiment for use, get pollution-free earth, after shining dry grinding, get fine earth, take by weighing 8 culture dishes after the 50g fine earth is put into numbering respectively with 60 mesh sieves sieve, make the thick mud pan of 1-2cm, pave the back and add 15ml dechlorination running water, water content is about 30%, and the light spiral shell that is placed in the epidemic-stricken area collection in worksite in each culture dish respectively becomes 10 on spiral shell, evenly spray into the nitrolim solution that the concentration for preparing is 30ppm with sprayer, straying quatity such as following table:
Clear water 2g 3g 5g 8g 10g 15g 20g
Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
24 hours 10 0 10 1 10 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 10 10 100 100 100 100 100
48 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
72 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
After 72 hours, pick all the light spiral shells in the culture dish respectively, use flushing with clean water respectively, after recovery in 48 hours is raised, identify light spiral shell death toll and survival number with hammering method.This experiment repeats 3 times.
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, when the nitrolim solution concentration is 30ppm, spray into different amounts, the light spiral shell is in 72 hours, and is all dead.
Embodiment 5: the indoor sprinkling experiment of light spiral shell
Experiment condition and experimental technique, condition are identical with embodiment 4, and different is that the amount that sprays into nitrolim solution in each culture dish is 5g, changes the concentration of nitrolim solution, experimental data such as following table:
Clear water 25ppm 50ppm 100ppm 200ppm 400ppm 800ppm 10000ppm
Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
24 hours 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 3 10 5 10 10
Lethality % 0 10 20 20 20 30 50 100
48 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
72 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
After 72 hours, pick all the light spiral shells in the culture dish respectively, use flushing with clean water respectively, after recovery in 48 hours is raised, identify light spiral shell death toll and survival number with hammering method.This experiment repeats 3 times.
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, the nitrolim solution concentration sprays into the nitrolim of 5g variable concentrations in each culture dish when 25-10000ppm, and the light spiral shell is in 72 hours, and is all dead.
Embodiment 6: the light spiral shell is indoor to soak experiment
Experiment condition: indoor temperature is 20 ℃, relative moisture 60 ± 5%, and experimental facilities: the 100ml beaker, the quantity of oncomelania is 10 in each 100ml beaker.
Select 8 100ml beakers during experiment for use, be respectively charged into the different nitrolim solution of concentration in 8 100ml beakers, the light spiral shell that is placed in the epidemic-stricken area collection in worksite in each beaker becomes 10 on spiral shell, is placed on the soup surface with Plastic screen, and spiral shell against sunshine climbs out of.Experimental data such as following table:
Clear water 25ppm 50ppm 100ppm 200ppm 400ppm 800ppm 10000ppm
Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
24 hours 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 3 10 5 10 10
Lethality % 0 10 20 20 20 30 50 100
48 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
72 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
After 72 hours, pick all the light spiral shells in the beaker respectively, use flushing with clean water respectively, after recovery in 48 hours is raised, identify light spiral shell death toll and survival number with hammering method.This experiment repeats 3 times.
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, the nitrolim solution concentration sprays into the nitrolim of 5g variable concentrations in each culture dish when 25-10000ppm, and the light spiral shell is in 72 hours, and is all dead.
Embodiment 7: the indoor sprinkling experiment of Pomacea canaliculata
Experiment condition: indoor temperature is 26 ℃, relative moisture 60 ± 5%, and experimental facilities: culture dish (diameter 15cm), the quantity of oncomelania is 10 in each culture dish.
Select 8 culture dishes during experiment for use, get pollution-free earth, after shining dry grinding, get fine earth, take by weighing 8 culture dishes after the 130g fine earth is put into numbering respectively with 60 mesh sieves sieve, make the thick mud pan of 1-2cm, pave the back and add 45ml dechlorination running water, water content is about 30%, is placed in Pomacea canaliculata inundated district collection in worksite weight respectively and is 10 of Pomacea canaliculatas about 10 grams in each culture dish, evenly spray into the nitrolim solution that the concentration for preparing is 30ppm with sprayer, straying quatity such as following table:
Clear water 6g 10g 15g 22g 30g 40g 50g
Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
24 hours 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 4 10 4 10 7 10 9 10 10
Lethality % 0 10 20 40 40 70 90 100
48 hours 10 0 10 5 10 6 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 50 60 90 100 100 100 100
72 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
After 72 hours, pick all Pomacea canaliculatas in the culture dish respectively, use flushing with clean water respectively, after recovery in 48 hours is raised, identify death toll and survival number with hammering method.This experiment repeats 3 times.
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, when the nitrolim solution concentration is 30ppm, spray into different amounts, Pomacea canaliculata is in 72 hours, and is all dead.
Embodiment 8: the indoor sprinkling experiment of Pomacea canaliculata
Experiment condition and experimental technique, condition are identical with embodiment 7, and different is that the amount that sprays into nitrolim solution in each culture dish is 15g, changes the concentration of nitrolim solution, experimental data such as following table:
Clear water 25ppm 50ppm 100ppm 200ppm 400ppm 800ppm 10000ppm
Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
24 hours 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 2 10 3 10 6 10 9 10 10
Lethality % 0 0 0 20 30 60 90 100
48 hours 10 0 10 2 10 3 10 7 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 20 30 70 90 100 100 100
72 hours 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
After 72 hours, pick all Pomacea canaliculatas in the culture dish respectively, use flushing with clean water respectively, after recovery in 48 hours is raised, identify Pomacea canaliculata death toll and survival number with hammering method.This experiment repeats 3 times.
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, the nitrolim solution concentration sprays into the nitrolim of 15g variable concentrations in each culture dish when 25-10000ppm, and Pomacea canaliculata is in 72 hours, and is all dead.
Embodiment 9: the oncomelania scene is soaked and is killed experiment
Experiment condition: scene temperature is 32 ℃, by baseline investigation, chooses oncomelania density＞10/frame (0.1m 2) small-sized irrigation canals and ditches, equidistantly be divided into 5 sections, every section water body volume remains on 3m 2About, clear up environment before the dispenser routinely, the water yield of pressing water body in test dose and the canal, calculated variable concentrations after, carry out dispenser, every section is hung 3 in the spiral shell bag that contains 50 on oncomelania, wherein 1 section is not dispenser.After the dispenser, respectively took out 1 spiral shell bag in 1,2,3 day, and take in the ditch earth and get 120 on oncomelania, use flushing with clean water, after recovering to raise in 48 hours, identify the oncomelania death toll and the number of surviving with hammering method.Experimental data is as follows:
Not dispenser canal section Water body spraying medicine concentration 30ppm in the canal Water body spraying medicine concentration 100ppm in the canal Water body spraying medicine concentration 10000ppm in the canal
Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
24 hours 50 0 50 39 50 50 50 50
Bag 1 lethality % 0 78 100 100
Mortality of snails % in the earth in 24 hours ditches Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
120 118 120 94 120 120 120 120
1.67 78.33 100 100
48 hours 50 1 50 50 50 50 50 50
Bag 2 lethality % 2 100 100 100
Mortality of snails % in the earth in 48 hours ditches Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
120 117 120 120 120 120 120 120
2.50 100 100 100
72 hours 50 2 50 50 50 50 50 50
Bag 3 lethality % 4 100 100 100
Mortality of snails % in the earth in 72 hours ditches Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
120 116 120 120 120 120 120 120
3.33 100 100 100
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, when the nitrolim solution concentration was 30-10000ppm, oncomelania is in 72 hours, and was all dead.
Embodiment 10: the on-the-spot sprinkling of oncomelania tested
Experiment condition:, choose oncomelania density＞10/ frame (0.1m by the baseline investigation 2) the oncomelania evil dried rhizome of rehmannia, be divided into 5 sub-districts, the about 100m in each sub-district 2, removing is higher than the weeds of 5cm and shifts out the test region in the sub-district.4 sub-district experimental group wherein, 1 sub-district is the blank group.(water consumption is no less than 1000mL/m by the test dose spraying agent respectively 2), blank group is sprayed the equivalent clear water.After the dispenser after 1,2,3 day, with checkerboard type methods of sampling investigation oncomelania, extract 10 frames in each test region and check plot respectively, catch whole oncomelanias in the frame, with the frame is that unit is good with paper bag, record number, catches spiral shell number etc., returns indoor flushing with clean water, after recovering in 48 hours to raise, identify oncomelania death toll and survival number with hammering method.Experimental data is as follows:
The clear area Spray concentration 30ppm Spray concentration 100ppm Spray concentration 10000ppm
Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
24 hours 169 166 150 117 189 189 201 201
Lethality % 1.78 78 100 100
48 hours 178 172 168 168 172 172 163 163
Lethality % 3.37 100 100 100
72 hours 165 148 179 179 167 167 159 159
Lethality % 4.24 100 100 100
Above total amount is the total amount of 10 frames.
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, when the nitrolim solution concentration was 30-10000ppm, oncomelania is in 72 hours, and was all dead.
Embodiment 11: the on-the-spot sprinkling of Pomacea canaliculata tested
Experiment condition:, choose oncomelania density＞10/ frame (0.1m by the baseline investigation 2) the Pomacea canaliculata evil paddy field of giving birth to, be divided into 5 sub-districts, the about 100m in each sub-district 2, removing is higher than the weeds of 5cm and shifts out the test region in the sub-district.4 sub-district experimental group wherein, 1 sub-district is the blank group.(water consumption is no less than 1000mL/m by the test dose spraying agent respectively 2), blank group is sprayed the equivalent clear water.After the dispenser after 1,2,3 day, with checkerboard type methods of sampling investigation Pomacea canaliculata, extract 10 frames in each test region and check plot respectively, catch whole Pomacea canaliculatas in the frame, with the frame is that unit is good with paper bag, record number, catches spiral shell number etc., returns indoor flushing with clean water, after recovering in 48 hours to raise, identify Pomacea canaliculata death toll and survival number with hammering method.Experimental data is as follows:
The clear area Spray concentration 30ppm Spray concentration 100ppm Spray concentration 10000ppm
Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
24 hours 128 126 112 87 103 103 107 107
Lethality % 1.56 77.68 100 100
48 hours 116 111 105 105 113 113 104 104
Lethality % 3.37 100 100 100
72 hours 104 99 118 118 121 121 111 111
Lethality % 4.80 100 100 100
Above total amount is the total amount of 10 frames.
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, when the nitrolim solution concentration was 30-10000ppm, Pomacea canaliculata is in 72 hours, and was all dead.
Embodiment 12: go out miracidium experiment of blood fluke
Get in 8 100ml beakers, the lake water 100ml sample that the blood fluke epidemic-stricken area of packing in each beaker is extracted is numbered.Before the experiment, take out a lake water in each beaker, be placed on microscopically, number went out the number of miracidium, experimentizes by variable concentrations then, took out a water in each beaker every 10 minutes, before the sampling, beaker was rocked 2 minutes.Carry out mortality statistics, experimental data is as follows:
Add clear water 25ppm 50ppm 100ppm 200ppm 400ppm 800ppm 10000ppm
Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
10 minutes 17 0 18 9 17 10 18 12 16 12 17 17 18 18 17 17
Lethality % 0 50 58.82 66.67 75.00 100 100 100
20 minutes 18 0 17 17 19 19 17 17 17 17 15 15 16 16 19 19
Lethality % 0 100 100 10 0 100 100 100 100
30 minutes 15 0 16 16 16 16 19 19 18 18 16 16 15 15 16 16
Lethality % 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, when the nitrolim solution concentration was 25-10000ppm, bilharzial miracidium is in 20 minutes, and was all dead.
Embodiment 13: oncomelania field experiment
Experiment condition:, choose oncomelania density＞10/ frame (0.1m by the baseline investigation 2) the oncomelania evil dried rhizome of rehmannia, be divided into 5 sub-districts, the about 100m in each sub-district 2, removing is higher than the weeds of 5cm and shifts out the test region in the sub-district.4 sub-district experimental group wherein, 1 sub-district is the blank group.Calculated 100m by test dose respectively 2Shed nitrolim powder or grain amount, the content of nitrolim is 〉=50% in nitrolim powder or the particle.Manually evenly shed dispenser after 1,2,3 days, with checkerboard type methods of sampling investigation oncomelania, extract 10 frames in each test region and check plot respectively, catch whole oncomelanias in the frame, with the frame is that unit is good with paper bag, record number, catches spiral shell number etc., returns indoor flushing with clean water, after recovering in 48 hours to raise, identify oncomelania death toll and survival number with hammering method.Experimental data is as follows:
The clear area The amount of spreading pesticides 300g The amount of spreading pesticides 1000g The amount of spreading pesticides 100kg
Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely Always Extremely
24 hours 169 166 150 117 189 189 201 201
Lethality % 1.78 78 100 100
48 hours 178 172 168 168 172 172 163 163
Lethality % 3.37 100 100 100
72 hours 165 148 179 179 167 167 159 159
Lethality % 4.24 100 100 100
Above total amount is the total amount of 10 frames.
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, at every 100m 2Spread nitrolim powder or particle 300-100000g in the scope, oncomelania is in 72 hours, and is all dead.
By above-mentioned 13 embodiment as can be seen, when the nitrolim solution concentration was 25-10000ppm, oncomelania, light spiral shell, Pomacea canaliculata were that 63.15%, 48 hour average mortality is 100% at 24 hours average mortality.
In the above-described embodiments, nitrolim can be solution, also can be powdery or graininess.When nitrolim was solid, the content of its nitrolim was 25-100%, but the content of nitrolim is 〉=50% in the product commonly used.
The preparation of nitrolim solution can be adopted the strength of fluid of joining on demand, directly adds to calculate good water, stirs to get final product.
The common process of also available nitrolim manufacture order cyanamide prepares cyanamide solution, as the reaction that is hydrolyzed with nitrolim and water, feeds carbon dioxide simultaneously, filters after the decalcification, is cyanamide solution just filtrate is concentrated into desired concentration.This solution is identical with nitrolim solution in the foregoing description in water-snail eradication, light spiral shell, Pomacea canaliculata, effect when blood fluke is gone out miracidium.Do not state tired herein.
When using nitrolim to use as snail killing agent, the nitrolim of solid can adopt sprinkling, as spraying with the aircraft large tracts of land, also can adopt the mode of manually evenly spreading.Nitrolim liquid can just spray with the aircraft large tracts of land in use, also can adopt artificial mode of evenly spraying to carry out.

Claims (9)

1, the application of nitrolim in the spiral shell that goes out is included in the water surface of snail or the wetland water and applies nitrolim, and it is characterized in that making the content of nitrolim in the water of the water surface of snail or wetland is 25-200ppm.
2,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned snail is bilharzial parasitic body oncomelania and light spiral shell according to the application of the described nitrolim of claim 1 in the spiral shell that goes out.
3,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned snail is a Pomacea canaliculata according to the application of the described nitrolim of claim 1 in the spiral shell that goes out.
4, according to the application of the described nitrolim of claim 1 in the spiral shell that goes out, it is characterized in that above-mentioned nitrolim is a solid, the content of nitrolim is 25-100% in the solid, all the other are impurity.
5,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned solid is powder or graininess according to the application of the described nitrolim of claim 4 in the spiral shell that goes out.
6,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned nitrolim is a liquid according to the application of the described nitrolim of claim 1 in the spiral shell that goes out.
7, the application of nitrolim in the bilharzial miracidium of going out is characterized in that killing bilharzial miracidium with nitrolim.
8, the using method of nitrolim in the bilharzial miracidium of going out, this method are nitrolim is directly sprayed or to be sprinkling upon the water surface or the wetland that contains schistosoma miracidium.
9, according to the using method of the described nitrolim of claim 8 in the bilharzial miracidium of going out, this method is nitrolim is directly sprayed or to be sprinkling upon the water surface or the wetland that contains the blood sucker miracidium, and the content that makes nitrolim in the water is 25-10000ppm.
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