CN101341874A - Whorl killing agent of plant - Google Patents
Whorl killing agent of plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN101341874A CN101341874A CNA2008100489440A CN200810048944A CN101341874A CN 101341874 A CN101341874 A CN 101341874A CN A2008100489440 A CNA2008100489440 A CN A2008100489440A CN 200810048944 A CN200810048944 A CN 200810048944A CN 101341874 A CN101341874 A CN 101341874A
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Abstract
The invention relates to plant molluscicide which is characterized by high efficiency, low toxicity, environment protection and convenient use. The Chinese name of the plant molluscicide is (3Beta,16Alpha)-28-keto-D-xylopyranose-(1to3)-o-Beta-D-xylopyranose-(1to4)-o-6-deoxidation -Alpha-L-pyran <app:ds:pyran> mannose-(1to2)-Beta-D-xylopyranose-17-A hydroxyl-16, 21, 22-trihydroxyolea olea-12-alkene, and the molecular formula is C52H84O24.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant molluscacide, be used to kill oncomelania and other harmful shellfish.
Background technology
One of at present, the spiral shell evil has become a subject matter of harm China ecotope, and effectively controlling the spiral shell evil is to ensure the ordinary production of China's agricultural and the sustainable development of aquatic product fishery, and the key link of prevention and cure of snail fever cause.
Spiral shell evil control is the comprehensive management engineering of a complexity, mainly comprises chemical control (as the agricultural chemicals spiral shell that goes out), biological control (as putting duck in a suitable place to breed) and manually chooses means such as picking up the spiral shell that goes out.In present spiral shell evil preventing and controlling, chemical control is widely used, and chemical molluscacide has become the main means that address this problem.
The chemicals spiral shell that goes out has characteristics such as human-saving, effect be fast, the common chemical snail killing agent has penta sodium pentachlorophenate, niclosamidum, chloroacetamide, tea seed cake etc., but through field trial, can in various environment, apply but seldom, what at present the WHO of the World Health Organization kept unique kind of recommending is niclosamidum.Niclosamidum is as molluscacide, though spiral shell efficient is big extremely, effect is slow, and big to aquatic animal toxicity, still has all limitations on using.Therefore, be badly in need of safe and efficient, the easy degraded of development, to environment low-residual, molluscacide pollution-free, cheap, easy to use.
Plant molluscacide becomes the hot fields of research in the world at present owing to have significant activity against snails and low toxicity mostly, but restriction also slow because of drug effect, factors such as cost is high, resource limitation, the exploitation plant molluscacide has very big difficulty always.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of plant molluscacide, make that it has efficiently, low toxicity, environmental protection and characteristics such as easy to use.Can not (testing data well illustrate low toxicity, environmental protection?)
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of plant molluscacide, it is characterized in that: its Chinese is (3 β, 16 α)-28-oxo-D-pyrans (wood) glycosyl-(1 → 3)-o-β-D-pyrans (wood) glycosyl-(1 → 4)-o-6-deoxidation-α-L-mannopyranose base-(1 → 2)-β-D-pyrans (wood) sugar-17-first hydroxyl-16,21,22-trihydroxy olive-12-alkene; Its molecular formula is C
52H
84O
24Its structural formula is:
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention had both broken through go out restraining factors in the spiral shell research of plant in the past, solved the bottleneck of existing chemical molluscacide again, have efficient, low toxicity, environmental protection and characteristics such as easy to use, meet the requirement of the World Health Organization about novel molluscacide, its cost performance and core index such as toxicity, environmental protection all are better than niclosamidum, cost has only 1/3rd of niclosamidum, and (having 1/4th in the documents) is plant resource low toxicity novel pesticide by the registration of the national Ministry of Agriculture.Applying of this plant molluscacide will play a significant role in snail control with drugs work.
Embodiment
Be described in detail below in conjunction with the plant molluscacide of testing data the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment 1: the plant molluscacide sn ail control effect testing data of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
One. medicine and material
4% spiral shell prestige pulvis (TDS), product of the present invention; For trying oncomelania: the oncomelania hupensis of collection in worksite (Oncomelania hupensis) becomes spiral shell through the feminine gender that laboratory separation 6-8 revolves.
Two. observation index
Indoor and the on-the-spot spiral shell drug effect of killing of product of the present invention.
Three. experimental condition: indoor temperature: 26 ± 1 ℃, relative moisture: 60 ± 5%
Four. test method
The test method reference standard be " agriculture chemical registration health with molluscicide test of pesticide effectiveness method and evaluation (try) " (No. [2005] 77, agricultural chemicals (giving birth to survey) letter), " agriculture chemical registration hygienic insecticide indoor pharmacodynamic test method " (GB13917.1-92).
4.1 laboratory test
Indoor soaking killed test: take by weighing 4% spiral shell prestige pulvis (TDS) 1g, with dechlorination water compound concentration is the solution 4000ml of 500mg/l, being mixed with concentration respectively with dechlorination water again is 7.5mg/l, 5.0mg/l, 2.5mg/l solution 100ml, contains in three glass beakers, and the test soup is now with the current.Throw 10 on spiral shell in the glass beaker.Throw behind the spiral shell and remove soup behind 24h, the 48h and 72h, get in the beaker oncomelania and add a little clear water in the plate with being put in after the flushing with clean water 3 times, observed oncomelania 48 hours, stretching that dimple creeps is the spiral shell of living, and remaining usefulness is broken method into pieces and identified life or death.The test triplicate.
Spray test: get pollution-free earth, dry and break into pieces, get fine earth with 60 mesh sieves sieve.Take by weighing fine earth 50g and pour culture dish (diameter 9cm, high 1.8cm) into, make the thick mud pan of 1～2cm, pave the back and add 15ml dechlorination running water.Put into 10 on oncomelania, evenly spray into the 7.5g/m of preparation with sprayer
2, 5.0g/m
2And 2.5g/m
2Spiral shell prestige (TDS) soup is established blank simultaneously, takes out a test mud pan behind 1d, 3d, 7d and the 15d respectively, picks all oncomelanias in the dish, and flushing with clean water after 48h recovers to raise, is identified oncomelania death toll and survival number with hammering method.Test repeats 3 times.
4.2 field trial
Field condition: the Changjiang river Jiang Tan that the scene is positioned at Hongshan District, Wuhan City Hua Shanzhen has the volution border, and apart from water source, the Changjiang river average out to 800m, vegetation is weeds, high 2-60cm, and density is at 50-725 strain/0.1m
2, averag density is 431 strains/0.1m
2, there is volution border soil moisture at the scene at 10.2%-46.9%, and average soil moisture is 29.2%; The oncomelania natural mortality rate is 0.75%, and the spiral shell frame occurrence rate of living is 100%; The spiral shell averag density of living is 15.37/0.1m
2Temperature is at 14-30 ℃ during the experimental observation, and water temperature is at 20-23 ℃, relative moisture 50-80%.
Soak and kill test:, choose furrow bank oncomelania density＞10/frame (0.1m by the baseline investigation
2) small-sized irrigation canals and ditches, equidistantly be divided into 5 sections, every section water body volume is about 3-5m
3, clear up environment before the dispenser routinely, press 2.5g/m
3Concentration 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) soup makes medicine be evenly distributed on water body; Every section hangs 3 in the spiral shell bag that contains 50 oncomelanias, divides three groups with the parallel contrast of concentration, and one section is medicine control group (50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt 2g/m
3), one section is the blank group.After the dispenser 1,2 and 3d, respectively get 1 spiral shell bag, and take in the ditch earth sieve and get oncomelania (working energetically 100), flushing with clean water after 48h recovers to raise, is identified oncomelania death toll and survival number with hammering method.
Spray test:, choose oncomelania density＞10/frame (0.1m by baseline investigation
2) the oncomelania evil dried rhizome of rehmannia, be divided into 5 sub-districts, each sub-district 100m
2, removing is higher than the weeds of 5cm and shifts out the test region in the sub-district.Wherein 3 sub-districts are the test region, and 5.0g/m is pressed in the test region
2Concentration 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) soup of spraying divides three groups with the parallel contrast of concentration, and 1 sub-district is medicine control group (50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt 2g/m
3), 1 sub-district is the blank group.The dispenser hourly water consumption is no less than 1000ml/m
2, the blank group is sprayed the clear water of equivalent.After the dispenser 1,3,7 and 15d, with checkerboard type methods of sampling investigation oncomelania, extract 10 frames in each test region and check plot respectively, catch the whole oncomelanias in the frame, with the frame is that unit wraps with paper bag, record number, catches spiral shell number etc., returns indoor flushing with clean water, after 48h recovers to raise, identify oncomelania death toll and survival number with hammering method.
Five. the result of the test statistical indicator
Calculate the mortality of snails of different time, and write down the on-the-spot weather of duration of test, temperature, water temperature and room temperature.
Six. result and evaluation
6.1 indoor soaking extremely soaked result extremely with the scene
Indoor soaking killed: the spiral shell prestige soup of 7.5mg/l, 5.0mg/l and 2.5mg/l concentration, and observation 24,48,72h mortality of snails are respectively 96.67%, 100.00% and 100.00%; 93.33%, 96.67% and 100.00%; 90.00%, 96.67% and 100.00.The lethality of control group oncomelania is 0.00% (seeing Table 1).
The indoor oncomelania result extremely that soaks of table 1 4% spiral shell prestige pulvis (TDS)
Annotate: 26 ± 1 ℃ of room temperatures, 23 ± 1 ℃ of water temperatures.
The scene is soaked and is killed: 2.5g/m
3Concentration 4% spiral shell prestige soup; Observation 24,48,72h, the lethality of oncomelania is respectively 91.33%, 94.00%, 100.00%.50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt 2g/m
3Concentration 24,48,72h; The lethality of oncomelania is respectively 98.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, and the lethality of control group oncomelania 24,48,72h is respectively 0.00%, 0.00%, 2.00% (seeing Table 2).
Oncomelania result of the test is extremely soaked at table 2 4% spiral shell prestige pulvis (TDS) scene
The scene takes the interior earth sieve of ditch and gets oncomelania when soaking extremely, it is respectively 2.5g/m that spiral shell prestige (TDS) variable concentrations group is killed lethality to soaking of oncomelania
3Concentration 4% spiral shell prestige soup, behind observation 24,48 and the 72h, the lethality of oncomelania is respectively 89.27%, 97.51%, 100.00%; 50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt 2g/m
3The lethality of oncomelania is respectively 92.73%, 100.00%, 100.00% behind concentration 24,48, the 72h; Lethality behind control group oncomelania 24,48, the 72h is respectively 0.00%, 0.00% and 1.70% (seeing Table 3).
The on-the-spot variable concentrations of table 3 4% spiral shell prestige pulvis (TDS) soaks extremely, and earth sieves the result who gets oncomelania
6.2 indoor spraying with the scene sprayed the result
Indoor spraying: 7.5g/m
2, 5.0g/m
2And 2.5g/m
2Concentration 4% spiral shell prestige soup, behind observation 1d, 3d, 7d and the 15d, the lethality of oncomelania is respectively 93.33%, 96.67%, 100.00% and 100%; 86.67%, 90.00%, 96.67% and 96.67%; 66.67%, 70.00%, 76.67% and 80.00%.The lethality of control group oncomelania is respectively 0.00%, 0.00%, 0.00%, 0.00% (seeing Table 4).
The indoor variable concentrations of table 4 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) is sprayed the result of oncomelania effect
Annotate: 26 ± 1 ℃ of room temperatures, 23 ± 1 ℃ of water temperatures.
The scene is sprayed: 5.0g/m
2Concentration 4% spiral shell prestige soup 1d, 3d, 7d and 15d, the lethality of oncomelania is respectively 81.82%, 87.67%, 88.35% and 89.84%; 50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt 2g/m
3Behind concentration 1d, 3d, 7d and the 15d, the lethality of oncomelania is respectively 96.10%, 98.69%, 98.22% and 98.00%.The lethality of oncomelania is respectively 1.31%, 1.27%, 1.20% and 1.38% (seeing Table 5) behind control group 1d, 3d, 7d and the 15d.
Result of the test is sprayed at table 5 4% spiral shell prestige pulvis (TDS) scene
According to " agriculture chemical registration health molluscicide test of pesticide effectiveness method and evaluation " (trying) requirement, the indoor 7.5mg/l of 4% spiral shell prestige pulvis (TDS), 5.0mg/l, 2.5mg/l and on-the-spot 2.5g/m
3Soak the lethality of killing oncomelania 3d and be 100%, reach criterion of acceptability; 5.0g/m
2The indoor oncomelania 15d lethality of spraying is 96.7%, and it is 89.84% that the 15d lethality is sprayed at the scene, all reaches criterion of acceptability.
Embodiment 2: the plant molluscacide of the embodiment of the invention is as follows to environmental organism toxicity and safety evaluatio testing data:
One. medicine and material
Supply the reagent product: 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) plant molluscacide, product of the present invention, it is 0.2ga.i./m that the method for killing recommendation consumption is soaked in this agent
3Water body, it is 100mg/l that the method for killing of spraying, dust is recommended working concentration;
Biological for examination:
The test fingerling is zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio H.B), average body long (connecting tail) 3.5cm, and the about 0.4g of average weight, the Confucian scholar provides in the aquarium by Nanjing.Raise and train a week indoor before the test, the zebra fish growth does not normally have dead, all healthy anosis, big or small consistent during raising and train.Test stops feeding the previous day, also feeding not in the test.
Test bird kind is Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), is provided by the Agricultural University Of Nanjing chicken farm.Select for use about 30 day age, body weight 100g, healthy active quail is for examination.Before the test under the laboratory test condition one week of precuring, during the precuring crane crane all growth is normal, anosis nothings death.
The test shrimp species are that freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponensis de Haan) becomes shrimp, average weight 2.0g.Raised and train two days indoor before the test, the freshwater shrimp growth is normal during raising and train; None death.Test is all healthy anosis with shrimp, and size is consistent.Test stops feeding the previous day, also feeding not in the test.
Two. observation index
Measure product 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) plant molluscacide of the present invention to the toxicity of environmental organism fish, bird, shrimp and carry out the environmental safety evaluation
Three. test method
3.1 pilot fish
Test water is for through depositing and the aeration dechlorination is handled running water more than 24 hours, and test chamber is 25 liters a glass jar, the soup of 10 liters of variable concentrations of preparation in each test cylinder (jar), and drop into 10 of zebra fishs, regulating the room temperature remains on about 20 ℃ water temperature.
Earlier determine the toxic effect scope by prerun, during formal test, the differential according to a certain percentage soup that some groups of variable concentrations are set in this scope, other establishes one group of blank, and 3 repetitions are established in each processing.The semi-static method of changing a soup every 24 hours is adopted in experiment.Regularly measure the dissolved oxygen and the pH value of test solution in each cylinder in the test.Experiment lasts 96 hours, and poisoning symptom and the death figure of 24,48,72 and 96 hours zebra fishs of observed and recorded are in time removed dead fish continuously.Draw the half lethal concentration LC of 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) plant molluscacide according to result of the test to zebra fish
50Value.
3.2 birds test
20 ℃～25 ℃ of laboratory's temperature, the room ventilation printing opacity.Feed adopts into the quail feed, feeds with clear water simultaneously.Test 10 every group of quails (male and female half and half), fasting overnight before the test is only for clear water.By the prerun of formal test condition elder generation, obtain the toxic effect scope of agricultural chemicals before the test to quail.Differential according to a certain percentage in this scope during formal test some concentration of treatment are set, each concentration is established 3 repetitions, and establishes one group of blank.The per os contamination administration by gavage that test adopts disposable dosage directly to inject.Agricultural chemicals is made into variable concentrations by the dosage of design, then by every 100g body weight crane crane perfusion 0.5mL processing of contaminating.Quail after the processing is raised according to a conventional method, observed and recorded quail poisoning symptom and death condition, and test lasts 7 days.Draw 4% spiral shell according to result of the test and become the medial lethal dose LD of (TDS) plant molluscacide quail
50Value.
3.3 shrimp test
Test water is through depositing and the running water of aeration dechlorination processing more than 24 hours.Test chamber is 25 liters a glass jar.The soup of 20 liters of variable concentrations of preparation in each test cylinder (jar), and drop into 10 of freshwater shrimps, regulating the room temperature remains on about 20 ℃ water temperature
Carry out prerun by the formal test condition before the test, obtain the maximum concentration of 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) plant molluscacide the whole least concentrations that cause death of freshwater shrimp and whole survivals.Formal test is in this concentration range, and by the differential soup that some groups of variable concentrations are set, other establishes one group of blank, and 3 repetitions are established in each processing.Test is adopted every 24 hours replacing the semi-static of a soup and is dispelled.Regularly measure the dissolved oxygen and the pH value of test solution in each cylinder in the test.Test lasts 96 hours, and the poisoning symptom and the death figure of 24,48,72 and 96 hours test organism of observed and recorded are in time removed dead person continuously.Obtain 4% spiral shell with probabilistic method and become the half lethal concentration LC of (TDS) plant molluscacide freshwater shrimp
50Value.
Four. result of the test and toxicity assessment
4.1 pilot fish
Test is provided with 0.04,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.40mg/l and 6 liquor strength groups of blank.Test shows that behind the zebra fish contact soup, low concentration group frequently turns around, moves about fast, and oral area opening and closing rapidly, show state short of breath; The high concentration group is rubbed head, whipping, play and is rolled, and look turns white, abdomen swelling, and after 20-30 minute, spasm is twitched at the bottom of lying on one's side, and it is dead to struggle rapidly.The lethality of each processed group zebra fish sees Table 6 in experiment periods, tries to achieve the LC of 96h thus
50Be 0.15mg/l, the 95% credible 0.14-0.17mg/l that is limited to.
Table 6 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) plant molluscacide is to the toxicity of zebra fish
According to the other toxicity in fish grade scale of agricultural chemicals, 96hLC
50Value＞10.0mg/l's is low toxicity, and 1.0-10.0mg/l is for poisoning, and 0.1-1.0mg/l is high poison, and＜0.1mg/l is a severe toxicity.As seen, 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) plant molluscacide is to the high poison of fish.Because this medicine is directly used in water body or waterside beach and hillside fields, and working concentration is higher than LC
50Value, therefore bigger to the fish risk, should keep a close eye on influence to fish.
4.2 birds test
Test is provided with 6,12,24,36,60mg/kg
Body weightAnd 6 concentration groups of blank.Result of the test shows that it is not obvious to handle back low concentration group poisoning symptom; The high concentration group is got rid of head, and neck is flexible indefinite, pouts opening and closing and does not stop, and venturi is sobbed and spoken, and colludes before the tail, and wing is sagging, and feather is fluffy messy, after 20 hours, and minority death.Result of the test sees Table 7, tries to achieve the LC of 7d thus
50＞60mg/kg body weight.
Table 7 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) plant molluscacide is to the acute toxicity of quail
According to the toxic grade criteria for classifying of agricultural chemicals to bird, LD
50The agricultural chemicals of＞500mg/kg body weight is a low-toxin farm chemicals, and the agricultural chemicals of 50-500mg/kg body weight is a medium toxic pesticides, and the agricultural chemicals of 10-50mg/kg body weight is a high-toxic pesticide, and the agricultural chemicals of＜10mg/kg body weight is a highly toxic pesticide.The 60mg/kg body weight is the highest configurable concentration in this experiment, the lethality of bird only is 20% when this concentration, as seen 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) plant molluscacide is to poison to birds, because this medicine is not to use with the granule form, therefore the actual harm to bird influences little.
4.3 shrimp test
Test is provided with 1,2,3,5,10mg/l and 6 liquor strength groups of blank.Test shows that after freshwater shrimp contacted 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) plant molluscacide test solution, the freshwater shrimp of low concentration group is originally movable sharp acute, and was up and down in experimental liquid, and the swimming foot is agitated rapidly, shows the dysphoria state, and after 1-2 hour, major part can both return to normal condition.High on the freshwater shrimp head of high concentration group, collude before the tail, the chest belly is recessed, clustering together, the body bobbing porpoising, major part is rubbed the tail play after 8-10 hour, side is fallen the dance foot, it is dead to struggle.Lethality (table 8) according to test liquor strength and each group freshwater shrimp calculates 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) plant molluscacide to freshwater shrimp LC
50(96h) be 6.28mg/l, the 95% credible 3.53-11.2mg/l that is limited to.
Table 8 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) plant molluscacide is to the toxicity of freshwater shrimp
According to the grade scale of China's agricultural chemicals to aquatile toxicity, 96h LC
50Value＞10.0mg/l's is low toxicity, and 1.0-10.0mg/l is for poisoning, and 0.1-1.0mg/l is high poison, and＜0.1mg/l is a severe toxicity.As seen, 4% spiral shell prestige (TDS) plant molluscacide is poisoned to shrimps, and the working concentration that soaks the method for killing is 0.2mg/l, less than the LC of this medicine prawn
50Value, the practical risk of prawn is less; Spray method, the actual working concentration of powder injection process is 100mg/l, greater than LC
50Therefore 10 times of value have a big risk to shrimps when using, and should keep a close eye on the influence of prawn.
In sum, a kind of plant molluscacide sn ail control effect of the present invention is good, reaches criterion of acceptability; It has a big risk to fish, shrimp during actual the use, and is lower to the bird risk, keep a close eye on hydrobiological influences such as fish, shrimps.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of plant molluscacide, it is characterized in that: its Chinese is (3 β, 16 α)-28-oxo-D-pyrrole food in one's mouth (wood) glycosyl-(1 → 3)-o-β-D-pyrans (wood) glycosyl-(1 → 4)-o-6-deoxidation-α-L-mannopyranose base-(1 → 2)-β-D-pyrans (wood) sugar-17-first hydroxyl-16,21,22-trihydroxy olive-12-alkene; Its molecular formula is C
52H
84O
24Its structural formula is:
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008100489440A CN101341874A (en) | 2008-08-22 | 2008-08-22 | Whorl killing agent of plant |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102870793A (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2013-01-16 | 南京正宽医药科技有限公司 | Compound pesticide preparation containing spirotetramat and TDS (thiamine disulfide) and application thereof |
| CN102907452A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-02-06 | 武汉职业技术学院 | TDS and imidacloprid blended pesticide preparation |
| CN104663663A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-06-03 | 张能敏 | Compound pesticide preparation containing thiamine disulfide and niclosamide ethanolamine and application thereof |
-
2008
- 2008-08-22 CN CNA2008100489440A patent/CN101341874A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102870793A (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2013-01-16 | 南京正宽医药科技有限公司 | Compound pesticide preparation containing spirotetramat and TDS (thiamine disulfide) and application thereof |
| CN102907452A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-02-06 | 武汉职业技术学院 | TDS and imidacloprid blended pesticide preparation |
| CN102907452B (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-12-25 | 武汉职业技术学院 | TDS and imidacloprid blended pesticide preparation |
| CN104663663A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-06-03 | 张能敏 | Compound pesticide preparation containing thiamine disulfide and niclosamide ethanolamine and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20090114 |