CN1300314A - 改进的延迟焦化装置加热炉 - Google Patents

改进的延迟焦化装置加热炉 Download PDF

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CN1300314A
CN1300314A CN99805940A CN99805940A CN1300314A CN 1300314 A CN1300314 A CN 1300314A CN 99805940 A CN99805940 A CN 99805940A CN 99805940 A CN99805940 A CN 99805940A CN 1300314 A CN1300314 A CN 1300314A
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rotary joint
boiler tube
delayed coking
furnace
group
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CN1198900C (zh
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B·J·德尔克森
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Beech ter hydrocarbon technologies
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B55/00Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings

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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

通过对回转接头(18)的内表面进行扩散表面硬化处理来改进在延迟焦化装置加热炉中连接相邻加热管的直管段(16)的回转接头(18)。

Description

改进的延迟焦化装置加热炉
本发明涉及延迟焦化,特别是涉及改善与延迟焦化装置有关的焦化装置加热炉。
在延迟焦化过程,在焦化装置加热炉中将石油渣油加热到焦化温度,然后将加热的渣油送入焦化塔,在焦化塔中渣油被分解成挥发性组分并进行延迟焦化。延迟焦化方法已经被应用了几十年,该方法主要是用来从石油炼制操作的低价值渣油生产有用的产物。
焦化装置加热炉一般包括多组加热管,其中各组加热管由一系列回转接头连接的直管部分组成。在焦化装置的操作期间,其中焦化装置进料被加热到900°F或更高温度,在管子的内表面上因焦炭沉积而使炉管积垢。随着积垢过程的发展,炉子效率降低,为了将进料加热到焦化温度就要求有越来越苛刻的炉况。由于该内炉管积垢,必须定期地对炉管除焦。
有几种用于炉管除焦的方法。在这些方法中,加热炉在除焦过程中要停止使用。在其他的方法中,只有部分管组要停止使用。在所有这些情况下,在加热炉除焦过程中或者要暂停生产或者要减少生产。
一种除焦方法,有时被称作在线剥落(spalling),包括注入高速蒸汽和使炉管温度充分地循环变化,例如在1000°F和1300°F之间,以使炉管收缩和膨胀,从而使聚集的焦炭沉积物剥落,然后用蒸汽流将沉积物从炉管中吹出。这些方法可以在一部分管组中进行,而另一部分管组保持生产。
另一种除焦方法包括在除焦的某一阶段空气与蒸汽一起注入。因为在除焦期间炉管仍然很热,空气燃烧了焦炭沉积物,以致焦炭的剥落和燃烧并存。
上述除焦方法,包括它的变化方法,是炼焦工业中的人员已知的。
除焦中的共有问题是除焦方法除去的焦炭颗粒致使加热炉管磨损,特别是在连接加热炉管的相邻直管段的回转弯管接头处。
过去,在许多方法中已经解决了磨损问题,包括使用耐磨金属成分,使用非常壁厚的管子,有时是通过在管子最易磨损的部位增加焊接覆盖层。
Clark的美国专利4,389,439和4,826,401描述了改善金属表面抗磨蚀性的方法。该方法包括硼扩散步骤以改善金属管子的抗磨蚀性。
根据本发明,使接头配件的内表面经过扩散表面硬化方法来增强炉管接头配件的抗磨蚀性。与未处理的接头配件相比,得到的表面硬化的表面使接头配件的寿命增长,提高了安全性和改善了操作效率。
图1是一部分延迟焦化装置的示意图。
图2是显示了焦化装置炉管组截面的视图。
图3是显示了在炉管组除焦期间物料流动的焦化装置炉管组截面的剖视图。
图4是显示了接头配件的磨损效果的回转接头配件的剖视图。
图5是图2的沿5-5线的回转接头的剖面图。
本发明涉及通常示于图1类型的延迟焦化装置。如图所示,进料从进料线10经过加热炉12,在加热炉中进料被加热到焦化温度,然后供应给一对焦化塔14。
图2和3显示了部分炉管组,在焦化装置加热炉中通常有2或4组炉管组,每个炉管组由许多直管段16组成,相邻直管段的端部用回转接头18连接,即180°的弯管接头,但是有时由一对具有短直的连接管段的90°弯管接头组成。
由于必须将进料加热到850°F-900°F甚至更高,因此将炉管组加热至高温。
炉管组一般由高温使用的材料例如9%的铬钢制造。
随着焦化过程的进行,由于在炉管组的内表面上焦炭的沉积使得炉管组的内表面逐渐积垢。这种积垢降低了炉子效率,以致炉管必须定期地“除焦”,例如每隔几周或几月,或者有时在一年或多年之后要除焦,以恢复炉子效率。除焦方法导致了焦炭颗粒的碎裂或剥落,然后用蒸汽流将其带到炉外。
在任何将焦炭沉积物从炉管表面除去的除焦方法中,特别是在炉管组的回转接头处由于焦炭颗粒的高速流动产生了磨损问题。这种流动显示在图3中,其中焦炭颗粒撞击在回转接头18上。在图4中,磨损区域22出现在回转接头18上,它造成了壁厚度的减少,从而损害了安全。将图4中所示的受磨损的回转接头从直管段切掉,并在该直管段上通过焊接换上替换的回转接头。
在加热炉的辐射段中一般的炉管组可以具有二十到二十五根直管段,相邻的直管段用回转接头连接。由于焦炭颗粒的累积增加和因接近出口处温度的升高和压力的降低,随着流体流向炉管组的出口磨损问题将变得越来越严重。虽然这有利于降低所有炉管组回转接头中的磨损,但是在炉管组的最后5或6个回转接头上装上抗磨接头配件可以得到更大的好处。
在本发明中通过对接头配件18的内表面进行表面硬化以提高接头配件的抗磨蚀性解决了上述磨损问题。尽管可以使用另外的扩散表面处理,但优选的表面硬化处理包括使接头配件的内表面经过硼扩散表面硬化过程。
扩散表面硬化处理产生了如图5所示的硬化表面层24,尽管实际上该层一般有千分之几英寸厚,其比图5所示的要薄的多。该表面硬化层24可以这样生成:掩蔽外表面,将粉末状硼化合物放入内部,在还原气氛中加热硼化合物以使硼扩散到接头配件的表面。扩散表面硬化是一种已知的方法,在工业上易于应用。
在新的炉管组上使用具有扩散表面硬化的内表面的回转接头,或者用其替换接头,可以延长接头的寿命和提高操作的安全性。
本发明的实质在于在焦化装置炉管组的回转接头的内部提供了抗磨表面,使磨损减小,操作更安全。

Claims (5)

1.一种延迟焦化装置,由用于加热进料的加热炉和一对焦化塔组成,其中所述的加热炉包括至少一组加热管,其中相邻的加热管用回转接头连接,其改进之处在于所述的回转接头的内表面是扩散表面硬化的表面。
2.根据权利要求1的延迟焦化装置,其中所述的加热炉包括多组加热管。
3.根据权利要求1的延迟焦化装置,其中所述的回转接头已经经过硼扩散表面硬化处理。
4.根据权利要求2的延迟焦化装置,其中每组加热管包括许多回转接头,至少最接近加热炉出口的接头已经经过硼扩散表面硬化处理。
5.根据权利要求4的延迟焦化装置,其中所述的回转接头由9%铬钢制成。
CNB998059404A 1998-05-15 1999-04-01 改进的延迟焦化装置加热炉 Expired - Lifetime CN1198900C (zh)

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US09/079,889 US6187147B1 (en) 1998-05-15 1998-05-15 Delayed coker unit furnace
US09/079,889 1998-05-15

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JP (1) JP4152592B2 (zh)
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CA (1) CA2328475C (zh)
DE (1) DE69920911T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2226372T3 (zh)
NO (1) NO330114B1 (zh)
TW (1) TW503257B (zh)
UA (1) UA57616C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO1999060075A1 (zh)
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Cited By (1)

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CN105229188A (zh) * 2013-03-07 2016-01-06 福斯特惠勒(美国)公司 不同热性能增加熔炉运行时长

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WO2023122085A1 (en) * 2021-12-20 2023-06-29 Ivey Daniel Vessel welding, repair, and reconditioning method and system

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CN105229188A (zh) * 2013-03-07 2016-01-06 福斯特惠勒(美国)公司 不同热性能增加熔炉运行时长
CN105229188B (zh) * 2013-03-07 2018-03-06 福斯特惠勒(美国)公司 不同热性能增加熔炉运行时长
CN108559904A (zh) * 2013-03-07 2018-09-21 福斯特惠勒(美国)公司 不同热性能增加熔炉运行时长
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US10889759B2 (en) 2013-03-07 2021-01-12 Amec Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation Method and system for utilizing materials of differing thermal properties to increase furnace run length

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EP1093505A1 (en) 2001-04-25
TW503257B (en) 2002-09-21
DE69920911T2 (de) 2005-03-10
NO330114B1 (no) 2011-02-21
US6187147B1 (en) 2001-02-13
NO20005759L (no) 2001-01-10
JP2002515535A (ja) 2002-05-28
NO20005759D0 (no) 2000-11-14
ZA9811866B (en) 1999-06-29
CA2328475A1 (en) 1999-11-25
EP1093505B1 (en) 2004-10-06
CN1198900C (zh) 2005-04-27
WO1999060075A1 (en) 1999-11-25
CA2328475C (en) 2008-12-30
ES2226372T3 (es) 2005-03-16
DE69920911D1 (de) 2004-11-11
UA57616C2 (uk) 2003-06-16
JP4152592B2 (ja) 2008-09-17
EP1093505A4 (en) 2002-11-06

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