CN1298249C - Solidification and full nutritions liquid food, and its prodn. method - Google Patents
Solidification and full nutritions liquid food, and its prodn. method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a solidified liquid food containing complete nutrients, and a preparation method for the solidified liquid food. The solidified liquid food can be prepared into a liquid food by the addition of 4 times potable water, and the solidified liquid food contains material components which combine traditional Chinese medicines with western medicines and are used for improving an utilization rate of the food. The solidified liquid food is prepared from a daily food or a processed product of the daily food by steps, such as extraction, ultrafiltration, enzymolysis, emulsification, homogenization, instant sterilization, spray-drying, microencapsulation treatment, preparation, flavoring, etc. Prescription proportions of three nutrients for energy supply and required quantities of a small quantity of nutrients are adjusted accordingly to different person's and patient's different physiological and pathological requirements, and the solidified liquid food is prepared into serial products conforming to different requirements; the products can be eaten by various patients eating fluid food, can be used for enteral nutrition supply, can be used as auxiliary nutrients for weak persons and can also be used as instant foods for healthy persons comprising persons with strong physical activities, tourists, etc.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nutritional health food and manufacturing technology field thereof, specifically be a kind of aim at those Fa Gaore, major operation after, acute alimentary canal inflammation, chew or fully nutrient food that patient such as dysphagia and critically ill patient take with and manufacture method.This food also is fit to multiple crowds such as valetudinarian, high physical exertion person.It is a kind of fully nutrient instant food of instant-drink.
Background technology
We once did once investigation at the turn of the century, and the liquid recipe of the hospital of the big or middle scale in Hangzhou has been carried out the investigation (adding up to 98 recipes) of totally 798 meal time of 1 week by a definite date, simultaneously it were carried out the nutrient analysis.Found that energy and nutrient that patient on average takes in every day are low excessively, compare, differ very big with nutrient allowance standard every day that China is recommended.(see: Lin Xiaoxia, Zhu Shan, Zhu Shoumin: the research of the cross-sectional investigation of hospital's liquid and improvement liquid intension, 2001, nursing magazine, 16 (3): 131-2).Liquid is applicable to and has a high fever, after the major operation, acute alimentary canal inflammation, chew dysphagia and critical illness people, they need eat the meals that liquid or inlet just can change into liquid state, and excessively for fear of the water load, the capacity of general each liquid is about 250 milliliters, supply 6-7 every day, and total amount is defined as the 1500-2000 milliliter.Patient's basic nutrition is needed and can followingly calculate: though the adult do not eat motionless also consume about 1500 kilocalories energy (basic metabolism needs) and the protein about (6552 kJ (kilojoule)) need be mainly used in and repair about 24 gram/skies (rupture factor of protein every day, and the discount that also has conversion ratio is digested and assimilated and utilized to dietary protein in the body, and protein requirement is the 42-58 gram every day when estimating usually that the protein biological value is 70 mixing meals.)。If human body can not obtain these energy and protein from meals, certainly will in body, autologous tissue ask for.And the existence of protein in the food and energy supply material (as starch) must just can be dispersed into liquid (liquid) in conjunction with a large amount of moisture, and a kilogram-metre adds three kg of water, and to cook what come be mashed meal at the most, add more water and just may become congee.The water yield (1500-2000 milliliter) that limits with liquid is difficult to starch, sugar, protein etc. are fully called in.In fact, the energy that thing contained of boarding that generally is liquid condition is often far below 1000 kilocalories/kilogram or rise (4184 kJ (kilojoule)/kilograms or rise), and Protein content also is (energy of full milk only reaches to be needed partly) that is difficult to satisfy the demand except that full milk.For example: the energy of per 1 kilogram of polished rice congee is 460 kilocalories/liter (1925 kJ (kilojoule)s/liter) and protein 11 grams, the energy of milk is 540 kilocalories/liter (2259 kJ (kilojoule)s/liter) and protein 30 grams, and the energy of soya-bean milk is that 140 kilocalories/liter (586 kJ (kilojoule)s/liter) and protein 18 restrain.Just because the liquid energy is low, the nutrient deficiency that supplies can only short-term (1-2 days) be used so stipulate this liquid.
In generation later six months in last century, rise because the intervention of the zymotechnic of modern food industry can be produced the liquid that meets physiological requirements, that is: about 1000 kilocalories/liter and protein 32-40 grams per liter of energy also can be strengthened an amount of a small amount of nutrient.But, but be difficult to generally adopt in each hospital of China.Except traditional diet, also relate to factors such as board.Once extensively contacted with the patient that is in hospital with the Nutriology Dept. staff of hospital, all thinking need be with the liquid food solid state.Solid state liquid food has following benefit: (1) reduces packing cost to 1/4; (2) reduce cost of transportation to 1/4; (3) solid state liquid food does not resemble after unpacking and is difficult to store the liquid liquid food; (4) be easy to carry; (5) being more suitable for family uses; (6) can promote the auxiliary nutritious foods that is used as weak and sickly people, and the instant food of healthy populations such as height physical exertion and tourism.
Summary of the invention: the present invention is a kind of solid state fully nutrient liquid food; the three big energy supply nutrients that comprise needed by human body: carbohydrate; fat and protein; and a small amount of nutrient; this solid state fully nutrient liquid food is that a kind of energy density is 4.0 ± 0.8 a kilocalories/gram (16.74 ± 3.35 kJ (kilojoule)/gram); add water to 4 times of volumes (per kilogram to 4 liter) and can change into liquid solid particle or powder; the three big energy supply nutrients that comprised all are soluble solids particle or pulverulence; by three big energy supply nutrient weight summations is that 100% its formula rate of calculating is: carbohydrate accounts for 55～80%; fat accounts for 1～20%; protein accounts for 10～25%, also has the micronutrient element zinc of 20～30ppm and the hawthorn fruit total flavone of 100～400ppm in the per kilogram solid state fully nutrient liquid food.
The production method of this solid state fully nutrient liquid food is: as adopting rice, cornstarch, big dregs of beans, birds, beasts and eggs white powder, emulsion and the oil crops raw material as processing solid state fully nutrient liquid food, then must select the technological process of extraction, ultrafiltration, enzymolysis, emulsification, seasoning, homogeneous, instantaneous sterilizing, spray-drying, microencapsulation processing to raw material respectively for use, be processed into soluble powder or particle, allocate by the formula rate of above-mentioned three big energy supply nutrients then; Be soluble powder powder or granular raw material as adopting,, then can have directly allocated by the formula rate of above-mentioned three big energy supply nutrients as milk powder, maltodextrin, corn oil or fish oil micro-capsule, a small amount of nutrient microcapsules.
The specific embodiment:
1, following different material source according to carbohydrate, fat, protein is to of the present invention concrete
Embodiment is described:
(1) mainly supply the raw material of carbohydrate can adopt starch food and water-soluble sugar based article.As adopt rice, corn and other starches class raw material, it must be processed gelatinization after, with in warm amylase the control hydrolysis is arranged, cannot excessive hydrolysis in order to avoid finished product osmotic pressure is too high, can not use fire resistant alpha-diastase so that hydrolysis out of control, leaching filtrate is dried then to Powdered.
As adopt water-soluble sugar, and generally can directly use, as corn syrup, maltodextrin, sucrose, glucose, fruit glucose etc., kind is quite a few; But the sugar of those molecular weight less can occupy more osmotic pressure share, and the sugar that easily bonds when those are dry then can cause solid state liquid food to be difficult for liquid stateization after adding water, so can not use more.
(2) main food such as edible oil materials crops such as sesame for fat, it is fully emulsified with it to add emulsifying agent such as sucrose ester; Can use the microencapsulation technology for simple glyceride stock, the effect that the fat (as fish oil) that peculiar smell is arranged is handled through microencapsulation is good more than the food of liquid state especially.
(3) mainly supply the food material of protein can adopt big dregs of beans, birds, beasts and eggs white powder, skimmed milk powder, breast and the contained sugar of milk powder, fat and protein are all very abundant, are the food materials that three class energy supply nutrients have concurrently.Big dregs of beans must be processed into soybean protein isolate earlier, and available multivalence protease carries out partial hydrolysis, to improve the ability that it is scattered in water, should note using single protease, makes finished product bitter otherwise may produce bitter peptides.The birds, beasts and eggs white powder must improve its rehydration effect through enzymolysis.Capable again spray-drying behind above-mentioned two kinds of raw material enzymolysis.Skimmed milk powder is the raw material that can directly use, but considers the crowd of lactose intolerance, can use lactase to carry out pre-treatment before spray-drying.
According to different crowd, different physiology, pathology needs of suffering from the patient, in every kind of product, add vitamin and mineral matter, or adopt microencapsulation technical finesse nutrient in a small amount, nutrient directly joins in the solid state liquid food as strengthening in a small amount.
As mentioned above, production method among the present invention program makes two bites at a cherry generally: have some food materials must make liquid state earlier, as the liquid food of producing liquid state, and then carry out spray-drying, as rice, cornstarch, big dregs of beans and so on, birds, beasts and eggs white powder, emulsion etc.; Other are Powdered and can directly be processed into the food of solubility fine powder or the food additives raw material then can be evenly mixed by prescription with the spray-drying thing simply, as: milk powder, maltodextrin, nutrient microcapsules etc. in a small amount.This method makes some perishable nutrients such as vitamin etc. avoid losing, and saves processing charges.The energy density of the liquid food of the most frequently used liquid state is many to contain 1 kilocalorie at every gram, promptly about 4.18 kJ (kilojoule)/grams.But within the specific limits according to the situation difference of individual patient with in conjunction with hospital clinical treatment needs, also have to be low to moderate 0.8 kilocalorie/gram (3.35 kJ (kilojoule)/gram) and high to 1.2 kilocalories/gram (5.02 kJ (kilojoule)/gram), promptly in general the energy density scope of the liquid food of liquid state be 1 ± 0.2 kilocalorie/restrain (4.18 ± 0.84 kJ (kilojoule)/gram).Surpass 1.2 kilocalories/gram (5.02 kJ (kilojoule)/gram) in addition reach 2.0 kilocalories/restrain (8.37 kJ (kilojoule)/gram) only be used for special medical science needs.So, the solid state liquid food energy density feature of producing is 4.0 ± 0.8 a kilocalories/gram (16.74 ± 3.35 kJ (kilojoule)/gram).When so every gram product being added water and is flushed to 4 milliliters the energy density of aforesaid liquid food.
This energy density is to realize against content and the ratio of adjusting three big energy supply nutrients (carbohydrate, fat and protein) in the solid state liquid food.According to the physiology of individuality and the needs of pathology (for example, have need high fat diet and have need low-fat diet; Have need high-protein diet and have need low-protein meals etc.), the ratio of three big energy supply nutrients can change within the specific limits, carbohydrate is 55-80%, account for the more than half of total amount, fat accounts for 1-20% and protein accounts for 10-25% (is 100% calculating by three big energy supply nutrient summations).How adjusting this ratio on technology, this patent proposes, and this adjustment is operated in and mixes and the packing allotment stage before, and according to the requirement of measured data and company standard, check is finished.Enterprise produces solid state liquid food should have a plurality of kinds to adapt to clinical needs.So, also make solid state liquid food embody personalized characteristic.
A kind of raw material and allotment scheme of the solid state fully nutrient liquid food of comparatively optimizing are provided 2:
Starch materials adopts maltodextrin, the fats raw material adopts microencapsulation corn oil particle, directly adopt soybean protein isolate or skimmed milk powder as protein raw material, according to different crowd, suffer from the patient to carbohydrate, the demand percentage of fat and protein, raw material after above-mentioned three kinds of processing is deployed into meets different crowd respectively, suffer from patient's physiology, the solid state fully nutrient liquid food of the seriation that pathology needs, press different crowd respectively, suffer from patient's physiology, the amount that pathology needs adds nutrient microcapsules in a small amount, in per kilogram solid state fully nutrient liquid food, directly add soluble solids zinc salt that contains zinc 20～30ppm and the hawthorn extract that contains the 100-400ppm hawthorn fruit total flavone, pack behind the mixing.
Another characteristic as this patent, in solid state liquid food, added the haw juice functional materials such as (or medicinal extract) of trace element zinc (zinc sulfate or other zinc salts are pressed the GB14880-food enrichment and used sanitary standard) and food medicine dual-purpose according to the theory and practice experience of traditional Chinese and western medicine.Trace element zinc is the needed by human nutrient, according to the recent investigation records of China (referring to the meals and the nutrition condition of Chinese population " nineties " first volume, the People's Health Publisher, 1996), the intake of China resident zinc, no matter though rich or poor town and country, average 83.9 (poor)-88.9 (richness) % that have only supply standard respectively, with 88.5 (city)-84.1 (township) %, obviously be generally to lack zinc.Known have 200 plurality of enzymes to contain zinc, zinc can regulate cell differentiation and gene expression, the membrane structure of keeping cell and function, assurance immune complete, keep multiple hormone effect, especially, zinc is the constituent of ' gustin (gustin) ', plays a part support, nutrition and differentiation taste bud.The recommended intake of zinc is every day 8 (baby), 15-19 (teenager), 11.5-15.5 (adult, woman and man) milligram.So reinforced micro-element zinc 20-30 milligram is effective and safe in per kilogram solid state liquid food.Hawthorn is the traditional food and medicament dual-purpose food of China, be help digestion, the key medicine of eliminate indigestion, invigorating the spleen, appetizing, experimental results show that the hawthorn water decoction can effectively promote gastric secretion.What is the effective efficiency composition of hawthorn? not bright so far, but known its aqueous extract is effective.Contain a large amount of water miscible biological flavones in the hawthorn, its principal component is a Hyperoside.Obviously, be reasonable, feasible with general flavone as the detection target of hawthorn.General flavone content is very big because of difference such as kind, kind, the place of production, maturity in the hawthorn, and by pulp, high person reaches 4%, and low by only 0.4%, generally about 1-2%.So, can be regarded as and contain haw pulp 5-10 gram or more if contain 100 milligrams (100ppm) above general flavone in the per kilogram solid state liquid food.Therefore, another feature of this patent product is that to contain with zinc 20-30ppm and hawthorn fruit total flavone 100-400ppm be the functional components that is of value to food use of representative.
The solid state fully nutrient liquid food that above method is made improves and has improved eater's appetite and taste, adds water to 4 times of amounts and can all dissolve instant.Preservation, easy to carry, the space is saved in storage, transportation, is fit to different crowd, patient's needs.
Claims (1)
1; a kind of solid state nutrient food; it is characterized in that: by weight; carbohydrate by 55-80%; the fat of 1-20% and the protein of 10-25%; and in the zinc of this food of per kilogram 20-30ppm and the hawthorn fruit total flavone composition of 100-400ppm; described carbohydrate is selected from corn syrup; maltodextrin; sucrose; glucose or fruit glucose; described fat is selected from corn oil microcapsules or fish oil micro-capsule; described protein is selected from soybean protein isolate; the energy density of this food is 4.0 ± 0.8 a kilocalories/gram; this food is solid particle or powder, with this food of per kilogram add water to 4 liters of these food liquid state.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1232031A (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 1999-10-20 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Method for extracting Folium crataegi total flavone |
| WO2002015719A2 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-02-28 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Nutritional composition |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1232031A (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 1999-10-20 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Method for extracting Folium crataegi total flavone |
| WO2002015719A2 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-02-28 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Nutritional composition |
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