CN102511864B - Jujube high-consistency stock - Google Patents

Jujube high-consistency stock Download PDF

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CN102511864B
CN102511864B CN2011104608811A CN201110460881A CN102511864B CN 102511864 B CN102511864 B CN 102511864B CN 2011104608811 A CN2011104608811 A CN 2011104608811A CN 201110460881 A CN201110460881 A CN 201110460881A CN 102511864 B CN102511864 B CN 102511864B
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juice
jujube
vacuum
temperature
concentrated
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CN102511864A (en
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马强
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SHANXI HANBO FOOD CO Ltd
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SHANXI HANBO FOOD CO Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses jujube high-consistency stock and a production technique thereof, which belongs to the food processing technical field. Against for the nutrition situation of residents in China at present, the modern nutrition scientific theory is adopted as the instruction, wild jujube, medlar, oligoisomaltose, honey, high fructose syrup and the like are chosen as raw materials, concentrated jujube juice is adopted as a carrier, and raw materials are reasonably mixed to research and develop a novel jujube high-consistency stock product having complete nutrients, coordinate functions and good taste, invigorating the spleen and stomach, conditioning the intestines and stomach and bringing about good appetite. The nutrients are scientifically mixed and are processed through modern food processing technique, so the synergic action of the nutrients can be adequately played, functions on improving nutrition situation, invigorating Qi and blood, conditioning intestines, improving body immunity and the like can be realized, and the jujube high-consistency stock is convenient to take and to carry and is easy to absorb.

Description

A kind of red date underflow
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of red date underflow and production technology thereof, belong to food processing technology field.
Background technology
Red date belongs to red food, and traditional traditional Chinese medical science thinks, red corresponding in the heart in the five internal organs and the five colors eats red food more, can play the blood that nourishes heart, the effect of the beneficial motive.Red food is most to belong to food low in calories, and be rich in that dietary fiber, potassium etc. enhance metabolism, the composition of lipopenicillinase, defecation, help to protect cardiovascular and cerebrovascular.In addition, red date is as the abundant food of iron content, and the effect of its blood-enriching qi-invigorating is known by common people.Along with the enhancing of health of people consciousness, natural health clone beverage series receives that gradually people praise highly.According to relevant department's prediction, the coming five years whole world healthy beverage will be to be higher than the speed increment of common beverages growth rate more than one times.Red date contains abundant nutrition, has very high healthy nutritive value.The exploitation of the serial nutritious beverage of red date has vast market prospect.
The present invention overcomes the prior art deficiency, be primary raw material with the red date, rationally be equipped with other and have the health-nutrition raw material, a kind of red date underflow and production technology thereof are provided, product is nutritious, mouthfeel is pure, unique flavor, for market provides a kind of novel red date nutrient beverage new varieties.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of red date underflow and production technology thereof, nutritional labeling comprehensively, instant, be easy to absorb.
Described red date underflow contains spina date seed 1%~20%, matrimony vine 1%~20%, oligoisomaltose 0.5%~3%, honey 1%~6%, HFCS 5%~25%, and surplus is for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%;
Described honey is organic honey;
Described red date underflow also contains prebiotic oligosaccharide FOS 0.5%~2%, galactooligosaccharide 0.5%~1.5%;
Described red date underflow also contains calcium 0.5%~1%, iron 0.005%~0.5%, zinc 0.005%~0.5%;
Described red date underflow also contains vitamin A 0.00005%~0.005%, Cobastab 30.005%~0.1%, vitamin C 0.05%~0.5%, vitamin D 30.000005%~0.00002%, taurine 0.1%~1.5%;
Described red date underflow also contains stabilizing agent: sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), xanthans, cycloheptaamylose; Described stabilizing agent dosage: sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2%~0.5%, xanthans 0.1%~0.5%, cycloheptaamylose 0.5%~2%.
Described stabilizing agent optimizes on the test of many times basis, three kinds of stabilizing agent collocation mix to be used, utilize mutual synergistic function between colloid, thickening, emulsification, stable, acidproof, heat-resisting function have been strengthened, can prevent effectively that phenomenons such as underflow layering, elutriation, precipitation from producing, have effect stable, that suspend, improve mouthfeel, can effectively solve the quality problems such as precipitation, bleed of product, and give product full texture in mouthfeel.
Described calcium source is the raw material that rules such as calcium gluconae, calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, calcium citrate, calcium lactate, calcium acetate allow use;
Described source of iron is the raw material that rules such as ferrous sulfate, ferrous lactate, ironic citrate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferric citrate allow use;
Described zinc source is the raw material of zinc sulfate, zinc gluconate, zinc lactate rules permission use; The % implication is weight percentage.
Red date underflow production technology of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) allotment;
Described being allocated as by prescription takes by weighing raw material, with spina date seed juice, matrimony vine juice, oligoisomaltose, honey, HFCS separately or mix the back and add and concentrate in the jujube juice, stirs;
Perhaps described being allocated as by prescription takes by weighing raw material, with each raw material (spina date seed juice, matrimony vine juice, oligoisomaltose, honey, HFCS and/or calcium, iron, zinc and/or vitamin A, Cobastab 3, vitamin C, vitamin D 3, taurine and/or FOS, galactooligosaccharide and/or sodium carboxymethylcellulose, xanthans, cycloheptaamylose) separately or mix the back and add and concentrate in the jujube juice, stir;
(2) glue mill;
Described glue mill is for to grind with colloid mill;
Preferably to guarantee 70~75 ° of Bx of solid content of feed liquid before the glue mill; When adjusting the mill scale to the best, beginning glue mill; During the glue mill, note regulating suitable fineness, too slightly can't resolve problem, too carefully cause liquid spill easily, be unfavorable for producing; Must be transferred to suitable fineness; After the glue mill is finished, mill is transferred pine, clean with cold water flush, in order to using next time; Mainly contain two purposes during underflow glue mill: the first, after material grinds by glue, the colloid in the slurries, under the effect of certain external force, various small particles are ground, and have formed homogeneous more with liquid glucose each other, and stable mixture plays the effect of homogeneous; The second, material has formed a large amount of foams under the high speed centrifugation effect, is conducive to the underflow degassing, for the follow-up underflow bubble that leaves standstill, reduces is laid a good foundation;
(3) sterilization;
Described sterilization is for to grind rear slurry intensification sterilization with glue, 80~95 ℃ of temperature, time 30~60min; The intensification sterilization also is conducive to the degassing;
Described sterilization also can be adopted ultra high temperature short time sterilization technology: 120~135 ℃ of temperature, time 10~30s;
Sterilization can add the defoamer silicone emulsion in case of necessity, consumption 0.3 ‰~1 ‰;
(4) leave standstill;
Described leaving standstill to the sterilization rear slurry leaves standstill 30~35min preferably keeps 90~92 ℃ of temperature; Steam in jar can be emitted from safety valve;
(5) can;
80~85 ℃ of described can temperature; Can concentration general 70~75%;
(6) cooling;
Described be cooled to can after underflow place 15min at normal temperatures at least, then, water-bath cooling mainly is sharply to produce foam, 25~30 ℃ of bath temperatures for avoiding because of the too high chance water of underflow temperature rapidly after the cooling;
Water-bath cooling main purpose: 1. the heat resistance of Rubber washer is not fine in the bottle cap, and high temperature can make its physical property of rubber cushion in the bottle change to some extent for a long time, and is namely influential to the air-tightness of bottle, so will in time lower the temperature; 2. cooling in time can make to form vacuum in the bottle at short notice, has guaranteed the quality of product effectively; When 3. water-bath was cooled off, a small amount of liquid glucose that bottle outer wall is stained with during can dissolve in water, made bottle outer wall keep relative clean, was not subjected to infection by microorganisms;
(7) packing.
Described concentrated jujube juice production method comprises:
Raw material sorting: select no insect pest, no damaged by rats, do not have and go rotten, do not have rotten jujube fruit; Holding raw material and close, is the important step of guaranteeing product quality; Described jujube is preferably organic conversion red date;
Clean and soak: jujube is put in 40~50 ℃ of warm water cleaned up; Can further select in the cleaning process and remove defective jujube; Can select the cleaning cylinder that has impeller for use is cleaning equipment; Described immersion is put for jujube after will cleaning and is soaked 10~60min in 40~50 ℃ of warm water; Generally can be in dried jujube: water=1: 3~10 ratios be soaked; Soak beneficial effect: immersion can make jujube fruit imbibition, softening, is conducive to improve crushing juice rate;
Microwave Treatment: the red date that immersion treatment is crossed carries out Microwave Treatment, and microwave power is 400~800w, and the time is 1~15min; Under Microwave Treatment, red date cell tissue is because mutual high-speed motion and friction and fragmentation, and the cell solution of bursting is overflowed content, thus the crushing juice rate of raising red date; Microwave Treatment can also increase red date fruital and color and luster, and fragrance is stronger;
Lixiviate: carry for ultrasonic helping, material-water ratio is generally 1: 1~10; Supersonic frequency 40~100khz, preferred 60~80khz extracts 85~95 ℃ of temperature, time 1~2h; Traditional hot water lixiviate jujube juice method is because the extraction temperature is higher, and extraction time is longer, and the loss of red date nutrient composition is serious, has influenced nutrition and the local flavor of jujube juice; The ultrasonic extracting method that helps can reduce extraction time, improves extracting efficiency and jujube juice quality;
Jujube juice separates: filter preferred 65~80 ℃ of temperature after the lixiviate while hot; Can select duplex strainer for use, 80 purpose screen packs; Filtration flow-rate is fast while hot, has solved because of content of material height such as pectin in the jujube juice, easily stops up, and causes the technical problem of filtration difficulty;
Concentrate: adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 30~40 ° of Bx earlier, wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa; Adopt single-action to be concentrated into 65 ° more than the Bx again, vacuum 0.06~0.08MPa when single-action concentrates; Must concentrate jujube juice after concentrating;
The fluid concentration technology is more, common have that normal pressure concentrates, single-action or multiple-effect rise that film concentrates, single-action or technology modes such as multiple-effect falling film concentrates, film is concentrated, freeze concentration, possibility and comprehensive energy consumption according to jujube juice material characteristic and realization of industrialization, select triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film concentration technology and device for use, can avoid jujube juice burnt phenomenon of sticking with paste of easily sticking wall in concentration process effectively, improve thickening efficiency greatly, reduced energy resource consumption; Adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to concentrate with single-action and concentrate the technical scheme that combines, can improve the jujube juice concentration, avoid sticky and paste wall phenomenon, cut the waste, promote jujube juice quality;
Described spina date seed juice preparation method: spina date seed is pulverized, and (crossing 20 mesh sieves) adds 4~15 times of water, in 85~95 ℃, and ultrasonic lixiviate secondary, each 1~2h, supersonic frequency 60~80khz; Extract is merged, adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 50~68 ° of Bx, get spina date seed juice; Wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa;
Described matrimony vine juice preparation method: matrimony vine put in 40~50 ℃ of water soak 5~30min, carry out Microwave Treatment, microwave power is 100~500w, and the time is 1~15min; Under Microwave Treatment, matrimony vine cell tissue is because mutual high-speed motion and friction and fragmentation, and the cell solution of bursting is overflowed content, thus the crushing juice rate of raising matrimony vine; Microwave Treatment can also increase Chinese wolfberry fruit aroma and color and luster, and fragrance is stronger; Carry out ultrasonic helping again and carry secondary, each 1~2h, material-water ratio are generally 1: 4~15; Supersonic frequency 60~80khz extracts 85~95 ℃ of temperature; Extract is merged, adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 50~68 ° of Bx, get matrimony vine juice; Wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa; Traditional hot water extractive juice method is because the extraction temperature is higher, and extraction time is longer, and the nutritional labeling loss is serious, has influenced nutrition and the local flavor of matrimony vine juice; The ultrasonic extracting method that helps can reduce extraction time, improves extracting efficiency and matrimony vine juice quality.
Red date contains abundant nutrition, has tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi, and the effect of hard will brute force has very high healthy nutritive value.Shennong's Herbal record, the jujube flavor is sweet, property flat, nontoxic, relaxes the property of medicine, and clothes are made light of one's life by commiting suicide and are promoted longevity for a long time." Mingyi Bielu " record: " red date has effects such as tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi, nourishing stomach and spleen ".Modern study shows that jujube contains effective ingredients such as rich in protein, carbohydrate, organic acid, fat, several amino acids, vitamin, trace element (as iron, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, chromium), cyclic adenosine monophosphate and alkaloid, saponin, flavones.Zizyphus food low in calories, and be rich in that dietary fiber, potassium etc. enhance metabolism, the composition of lipopenicillinase, defecation, help to protect cardiovascular and cerebrovascular.In addition, red date is as the abundant food of iron content, and the effect of its blood-enriching qi-invigorating is known by common people.Its good to eat sour-sweet flavour of date, can alleviate common feel sick, phenomenons such as vomiting, poor appetite.Red date has tangible immunity and promotes active.A large amount of pharmacology and clinical and experimental study show that polysaccharide compound is a kind of immunomodulator, and the energy immune cell activated improves body's immunological function.
Spina date seed: mountain jujube, wild jujube, other date, thorn jujube are the dry mature seed of Rhamnaceae plant wild jujube Ziziphus psinosa Hu; Property is put down, and it is sweet, sour to distinguish the flavor of, and returns liver, courage, the heart channel of Hang-Shaoyin.Spina date seed contains volume fat oil, protein, sterol, triterpenoid (betulin, betulic acid), jujuboside, vitamin C etc.Effect: 1. calm, syngignoscism; 2. analgesia, anticonvulsion, cooling effect; 3. influencing spina date seed and can cause that blood pressure continue to descend, heart block cardiovascular system; 4. to burn influence the spina date seed list with or share with the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine, all can improve the survival rate of scalding small white mouse, prolong the time-to-live, go back generation and the prolongation time-to-live of deferrable big white mouse burn shock, and can alleviate the burn oedema of part of small white mouse; 5. the uterus there is excitation.
Matrimony vine: formal name used at school Lycium chinense is the multi-branched shrub plant of Solanaceae Lycium.Matrimony vine is the nutritious tonifying good merchantable brand of using always, cook congee, endure cream at commonly used its among the people, steep in wine or same other drug, food edible together.The fruit of Chinese wolfberry is exactly that the top grade of people supported in nourishing from ancient times, has and prolongs the anti-ageing effect that declines, so have another name called " but I ".Effect: nourishing liver and kidney, benefiting shrewd head.It is thanks to smart to be used for consumptive disease, soreness of waist and knee joint, and dizzy tinnitus, interior heat is quenched one's thirst, and the deficiency of blood is sallow, and blurred vision is not clear.Effect: 1, to Immune Effects: the effect of the nospecific immunity of enhancing is arranged; 2, delaying senility function; 3, anti-liver injury; 4, hypoglycemic, antitumor, promote effect such as hematopoiesis function.
Oligoisomaltose: be prebiotics, formed by glucose, maltose, different Fructus Hordei Germinatus disaccharides, different maltotetraose, panose, different along with enzymolysis and degree, various components contents can have very big-difference.Viscosity, oligoisomaltose slurry is very approaching with same concentrations sucrose solution viscosity, than the easy operation of maltose, has no adverse effects for tissue and the characteristic of food such as candy, cake during food processing; Hear resistance and acid resistance, oligoisomaltose is heat-resisting, acid resistance is splendid.Concentration 50% syrup long-time heating under PH3,120 ℃ can not decomposed; Moisture retention, oligoisomaltose has moisture retention, makes moisture be difficult for evaporation, to the effect preferably of having kept with its quality of preserving moisture of various food, and can suppress the formation crystallization of sucrose and glucose, the holding time of prolongation food; Anti-carious tooth, the anti-carious tooth of oligoisomaltose is excellent, be difficult for by decayed tooth pathogen-Streptococcus mutans (Streptococcus mutant) fermentation, so the acid that produces is few, tooth is not perishable, it and sucrose and time spent, also can hinder sucrose and be difficult for being produced water-insoluble macromolecule glucan by the Streptococcus mutans effect, suppress the decayed tooth of sucrose.Function: adjust the intestinal flora ratio; Reduce harmful tunning in the ight soil; Calorific value is low, and indigestibility absorbs, and is suitable for obesity and diabetic.
FOS: claiming fructooligosaccharide again, is to be combined the mixture of ketose, Nystose and GF4 etc. of generation by 1~3 fructosyl by the fructosyl of β (2-1) glycosidic bond with sucrose in.FOS is a kind of natural active matter.Sugariness is 0.3-0.6 times of sucrose.Both kept the pure sweet taste character of sucrose, salubriouser than sucrose sweet taste again.Be to have an adjusting gut flora, the propagation Bifidobacterium promotes the absorption of calcium, regulates blood fat, immunological regulation, and the novel sweetener of health cares such as anti-carious tooth is described as additive of new generation---the short living beings continue antibiotic tool potentiality after the epoch; Be called as plasmosin (PPE) in France, in numerous food such as dairy products, sour milk beverage, solid beverage, candy, biscuit, bread, jelly, cool drink, use.Effect: 1. hang down the heat energy value, can not directly be digested and assimilated by human body, can only be absorbed by enteric bacteria, so its calorific value is low, can not cause fat, antiobesity action is also arranged indirectly; 2. anti-caries; 3. to the proliferation function of enteron aisle benefit bacterium; 4. can reduce the content of cholesterol in serum and triglycerides; 5. promote the absorption of absorption, the especially calcium of nutrition; 6. prevent and treat diarrhea and constipation.
Galactooligosaccharide: (Galactooligosaccharides GOS) is a kind of functional oligose with natural attribute to galactooligosaccharide, and its molecular structure generally is to connect 1~7 galactosyl at galactolipin or glucose molecule.At occurring in nature, have the GOS of trace in the milk of animal, and content is more among the lacto, the foundation of the Bifidobacterium flora in the infants relies on the GOS composition in the breast milk to a great extent.The major physiological function: the promotion gut flora changes, and promotes Bifidobacterium and is harmful to bacterium with inhibition; Improve constipation; Low-yield, can not be absorbed by human consumption, directly arriving large intestine is the enteric bacteria utilization; Improve lipid-metabolism; Promote calcium, potassium to absorb, reduce enteron aisle to the absorption of sodium.
Iron: be the maximum trace element of people's in-vivo content, mainly be present in liver, spleen and the bone with ferritin and iron content ferroheme.Iron deficiency easily causes premature labor, pregnancy period parent body weight gain deficiency and neonate's LBW before pregnant.Hypoferric anemia also is modal a kind of complication of the gestational period, 25% pregnant woman is arranged approximately because of malabsorption latter half in gestation, or because the source lacks the intake deficiency that causes iron, produces hypoferric anemia.
Calcium: be one of inorganic elements that content is the highest in the human body, it is distributed in each position of human body whole body, is the important substance that constitutes bone, tooth, also is used for regulating contraction and the diastole of muscle, helps important physiological function such as blood clotting, neurotransmission.Calcium deficiency shows as tooth mobility, weakness of limbs, frequent cramp, numbness; Ache all over, arthritis, arthritis pain; Dizziness is also suffered from anaemia, antenatal hypertension syndrome, oedema and galactosis deficiency.
Zinc: in vital movement, zinc plays " life gear " effect of transhipment matter and energy metabolism.The pregnant woman lacks zinc, and the abnormal rate of fetus can increase.
Vitamin A: claim that again retinol (its aldehyde derivatives retinene) is a unsaturated monohydric alcohol with ester ring.Physiological function: 1) keep the normal vision function; 2) safeguard the health of epithelial tissue cell; 3) keeping the bone normal growth grows; 4) promote growth and reproduction; 5) other: finding in recent years that RA (retinoic acid) class material has delays or stops precancerous lesion, prevents the effect of chemical carcinogens, particularly for the epithelial tissue tumour, has obtained better effects as auxiliary therapeutical agent clinically.Beta carotene has antioxidation, and a large amount of reports are arranged in recent years, is a kind of antioxidant of effectively catching active oxygen of body, for preventing lipid peroxidation, and angiocardiopathy preventing, tumour, and it is all significant to delay senility.Vitamin A has material impact for body's immunity, and during shortage, cellular immunity presents decline.
Cobastab 3: also claim nicotinic acid or nicotinic acid or niacin, antipellagra factor.Heat-resisting, can distil, in human body, also comprise its derivative niacinamide or niacinamide.It is one of 13 kinds of vitamins of needed by human, is a kind of water soluble vitamin, belongs to vitamin B complex.Nicotinic acid is converted into niacinamide in human body, niacinamide is the part of DPN and DPN I, participates in the body lipid metabolism, the process that the oxidizing process of tissue respiration and carbohydrate anaerobic are decomposed.Stronger expansion peripheral vessels effect is arranged, clinical headache, antimigraine, tinnitus, the auditory vertigo etc. of being used for the treatment of.Be used for antipellagra, also can be used as blood expansion medicine, be used as the additive of food and feed in a large number.As medicine intermediate, be used for isoniazid, niacinamide, the Buddhist nun can stop and the production of hexanicit etc.If when it lacks, can produce pellagra, show as symptoms such as dermatitis, glossitis, oropharynx, diarrhoea and agitation, insomnia cacesthesia.Nicotinic acid is that minority is present in metastable vitamin in the food, even through the cooking and store and also can not run off in a large number and influence its effectiveness.Effectiveness: promote the health of digestive system, alleviate gastrointestinal disorders; Make skin more healthy; The serious antimigraine of the gentle solution of prevention; Stimulate circulation, make blood pressure drops; The alleviating diarrhoea phenomenon.
Vitamin C: being the L-ascorbic acid again, is a kind of water soluble vitamin.Vitamin C in the food is absorbed by human small intestine's epimere.In case absorb, just be distributed in the water-soluble structures all in the body.Effect: collagen synthetic; The treatment scurvy; Prevention gingival atrophy, hemorrhage; The prevention of arterial sclerosis; Antioxidant; Anti-cancer; Protection cell, detoxifcation, the protection liver; Improve the immunity of human body; Improve the emergency capability of body etc.
Vitamin D 3: have another name called Aminocotin, cholecalciferol.Mainly contain following physiological function: improve human body to the absorption of calcium, phosphorus, make the level of plasma calcium and the blood plasma phosphorus degree that reaches capacity; Promote growth and bone calcification, promote tooth sound; Increase the absorption of phosphorus by the intestines wall, and increase the absorption again of phosphorus by renal tubule; Keep the normal level of citrate in the blood; Vitamin D 3It is active 7-dehydrocholesterol.
Taurine: taurine has different physiological roles, is the requisite a kind of nutrient of health.Major physiological function: promote infant brain tissue and intelligence development; the content of taurine in brain is abundant, widely distributed; can obviously promote neural growing and cell proliferation, differentiation, and be dosage taurine dependence, in the cranial nerve cell growth course, play an important role.Studies show that: the content of taurine in premature's brain is starkly lower than the term infant, and this is because half skin propylhomoserin sulfinic acid dehydrogenase (CSAD) undeveloped mature still in premature's body, and synthesizing taurine is not enough to satisfy the needs of body, needs to be replenished by breast milk.Content of taurine in the breast milk is higher, and especially just Ruzhong content is higher.If replenish deficiency, will make physical growth of children grow slow, MR.The growth of the nervous centralis of taurine and child, fetus and retina etc. has close relationship, and long-term simple milk is fed, and easily causes the shortage of taurine; Improve nerve conduction and visual function; Prevent cardiovascular disease; Influence the absorption of lipid; Improve endocrinosity, strengthen human immunity; Influence glycometabolism; Improve the function of memory; Taurine is prevented and treated hypoferric anemia positive effect, and it not only can promote enteron aisle to the absorption of iron, also can increase the stability of erythrocyte membrane; Taurine still is the short living factor of bifid bacterium in the human body intestinal canal, optimizes bacterial flora structure in the enteron aisle; Also has anti-oxidant, delaying senility function.
Thick polysaccharide: be the natural materials that red date self has, it participates in the contact of cell, activates important vital movements such as division.Thick polysaccharide has the effect of storage biological energy source and supporting structure; Make the more immune disease-resistance factor of human secretory, strengthen the immune disease-resistance ability of human body.Red jujube polysaccharide might produce class hemopoieticgrowth factor material by inducing body hematopoietic stromal cell and splenocyte etc., promote the differentiation and proliferation of candidate stem cell and CFU-GM, and impel the stroma cell adhesiveness to increase, help the interaction of stroma cell and hematopoietic cell.Thick polysaccharide can strengthen the immune disease-resistance ability of self, builds up resistance.
The contained cyclic adenosine monophosphate of date (camp) can stop the formation of thromboxane A2 in the blood platelet, reduces hematoblastic gathering, has tangible anti-thrombosis function.
Dietary fiber: be the seventh-largest nutrient in the fashionable world, it can promote enterocinesia, in time gets rid of harmful substance, has the diastatic effect of inhibition, thereby prevention constipation, obesity etc., the useful nutrient for the women keeps gentle and graceful stature is described as " professional street cleaner " in the human body.Jujube is rich in dietary fiber, and the gut purge defaecation is benefited, and is the good companion of intestinal health.
Existing Related product nourishing healthy product mostly is simple composite nutrient replenishers class or Chinese medicine class, each raw material is mixed, its prescription is unreasonable, does not consider product trophism and palatability comprehensively, does not consider coordination, interactional organic connections mutually between each raw material.The present invention is directed to the present crowd's nutrition condition of China, be guidance with modern nutrition science theory, selected needed by human body nutrient, concentrated jujube juice with integration of drinking and medicinal herbs is carrier, reasonably combined prescription, developing is comprehensive nutrition, orthofunction, has and has fine palatability, helps invigorating spleen and reinforcing stomach, coordinating intestines and stomach, brings the red date underflow novel product of robust appetite.Each nutrient is through the science compatibility, adopt the modern food processing technology to process, give full play to its synergy, reach comprehensive functions such as nutrition condition, blood-enriching qi-invigorating, adjusting enteron aisle, raising immunity of organisms that improve, be convenient to take, be easy to carry, be beneficial to absorption.Long-term edible red date underflow of the present invention is conducive to improve trophic level, is conducive to improve the health of the people.
It is edible that red date underflow of the present invention is fit to all kinds of crowds.
Red date concentrated slurry product eating method of the present invention: namely can directly eat, also can reconstitute with hot and cold boiling water according to demands of individuals, or join in milk, the milk tea etc. edible.Recommend day amount a 10~100g.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described further for following examples.
Embodiment 1
A kind of red date underflow contains spina date seed 6%, matrimony vine 3%, oligoisomaltose 3%, honey 5%, HFCS 15%, and surplus is for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%.
A kind of production technology of red date underflow may further comprise the steps:
(1) allotment: accurately take by weighing raw material by prescription, with spina date seed juice, matrimony vine juice, oligoisomaltose, honey, HFCS separately or mix the back and add and concentrate in the jujube juice, stir;
(2) glue mill: grind with colloid mill; Preferably to guarantee 70~75 ° of Bx of solid content of feed liquid before the glue mill; When adjusting the mill scale to the best, beginning glue mill; After the glue mill is finished, mill is transferred pine, clean with cold water flush, in order to using next time;
(3) sterilization: glue is ground rear slurry intensification sterilization, 80~95 ℃ of temperature, time 30~60min;
Described sterilization also can be adopted ultra high temperature short time sterilization technology: 120~135 ℃ of temperature, time 10~30s;
Sterilization can add the defoamer silicone emulsion in case of necessity, consumption 0.3 ‰~1 ‰;
(4) leave standstill: the sterilization rear slurry leaves standstill 30~35min, preferably keeps 90~92 ℃ of temperature; Steam in jar can be emitted from safety valve;
(5) can: 80~85 ℃ of can temperature; Can concentration general 70~75%;
(6) cooling: underflow is placed 15min at normal temperatures at least after the can, then, and water-bath cooling again, 25~30 ℃ of bath temperatures;
(7) packing.
Described concentrated jujube juice production method comprises:
Raw material sorting: select no insect pest, no damaged by rats, do not have and go rotten, do not have rotten jujube fruit;
Clean and soak: jujube is put in 40~50 ℃ of warm water cleaned up; Can further select in the cleaning process and remove defective jujube; Can select the cleaning cylinder that has impeller for use is cleaning equipment; Jujube is put in 40~50 ℃ of warm water and is soaked 30min after will cleaning; Can be in dried jujube: water=ratio be soaked in 1: 10;
Microwave Treatment: the red date that immersion treatment is crossed carries out Microwave Treatment, and microwave power is 600w, and the time is 10min;
Lixiviate: for ultrasonic helping carried, material-water ratio is 1: 10; Supersonic frequency 80khz extracts 85~95 ℃ of temperature, time 1h;
Jujube juice separates: filter preferred 65~80 ℃ of temperature after the lixiviate while hot; Can select duplex strainer for use, 80 purpose screen packs;
Concentrate: adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 30~35 ° of Bx earlier, wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa; Adopt single-action to be concentrated into 65 ° more than the Bx again, vacuum 0.06~0.08MPa when single-action concentrates; Must concentrate jujube juice after concentrating.
Described spina date seed juice production method: spina date seed is pulverized, crossed 20 mesh sieves, add 6~8 times of water, in 85~90 ℃, ultrasonic lixiviate secondary, each 1~1.5h, supersonic frequency 60~70khz; Extract is merged, adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 55~65 ° of Bx, get spina date seed juice; Wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa;
Described matrimony vine juice production method: matrimony vine put in 40~45 ℃ of water soak 10~15min, carry out Microwave Treatment, microwave power is 300~400w, and the time is 8~12min; Carry out ultrasonic helping again and carry secondary, each 1~1.5h, material-water ratio are generally 1: 6~10; Supersonic frequency 60~80khz extracts 85~95 ℃ of temperature; Extract is merged, adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 55~65 ° of Bx, get matrimony vine juice; Wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa.
Embodiment 2
A kind of red date underflow contains spina date seed 20%, matrimony vine 10%, oligoisomaltose 2%, honey 6%, HFCS 15%, surplus for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%.
A kind of production technology of adding the red date underflow is with embodiment 1.
Described concentrated jujube juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Described spina date seed juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Described matrimony vine juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of red date underflow contains spina date seed 10%, matrimony vine 20%, oligoisomaltose 1%, honey 5%, HFCS 10%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2%, xanthans 0.2%, cycloheptaamylose 1%, and surplus is for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%.
A kind of production technology of red date underflow, may further comprise the steps: allotment, accurately take by weighing each raw material by prescription, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, xanthans, cycloheptaamylose are concentrated the dissolving of jujube juice, mixing with an amount of (generally can be 5~10 times of weight) respectively or after mixing; Stir with spina date seed juice, matrimony vine juice, oligoisomaltose, honey, HFCS separately or mix the back and add and concentrate in the jujube juice; Other steps are with embodiment 1.
Described concentrated jujube juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Described spina date seed juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Described matrimony vine juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
A kind of red date underflow, contain spina date seed 5%, matrimony vine 10%, honey 3%, oligoisomaltose 0.8%, FOS 1.2%, galactooligosaccharide 0.8%, HFCS 5%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2%, xanthans 0.2%, cycloheptaamylose 1%, surplus is for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%.
A kind of production technology of red date underflow, may further comprise the steps: allotment, accurately take by weighing each raw material by prescription, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, xanthans, cycloheptaamylose are concentrated the dissolving of jujube juice, mixing with an amount of (generally can be 5~10 times of weight) respectively or after mixing; Stir with spina date seed juice, matrimony vine juice, oligoisomaltose, FOS, galactooligosaccharide, honey, HFCS separately or mix the back and add and concentrate in the jujube juice; Other steps are with embodiment 1.
Described concentrated jujube juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Described spina date seed juice production method: spina date seed is pulverized, crossed 20 mesh sieves, add 5~10 times of water, in 85~95 ℃, ultrasonic lixiviate secondary, each 1~2h, supersonic frequency 60~80khz; Extract is merged, adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 50~68 ° of Bx, get spina date seed juice; Wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa;
Described matrimony vine juice production method: matrimony vine put in 40~50 ℃ of water soak 10~20min, carry out Microwave Treatment, microwave power is 200~400w, and the time is 5~10min; Carry out ultrasonic helping again and carry secondary, each 1~2h, material-water ratio are generally 1: 5~10; Supersonic frequency 60~80khz extracts 85~95 ℃ of temperature; Extract is merged, adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 50~68 ° of Bx, get matrimony vine juice; Wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa.
Embodiment 5
A kind of red date underflow, contain spina date seed 6%, matrimony vine 3%, honey 5%, HFCS 15%, oligoisomaltose 1.5%, FOS 1%, galactooligosaccharide 1.2%, calcium 0.5%, iron 0.005%, zinc 0.005%, surplus is for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%.
A kind of production technology of red date underflow may further comprise the steps: allotment, accurately take by weighing each raw material by prescription, and calcium, iron, zinc are concentrated the dissolving of jujube juice, mixing with an amount of (generally can be 5~10 times of weight) respectively or after mixing; Stir with spina date seed juice, matrimony vine juice, oligoisomaltose, FOS, galactooligosaccharide, honey, HFCS separately or mix the back and add and concentrate in the jujube juice; Other steps are with embodiment 1.。
Described concentrated jujube juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Described spina date seed juice production method is with embodiment 4.
Described matrimony vine juice production method is with embodiment 4.
Embodiment 6
A kind of red date underflow, contain spina date seed 8%, matrimony vine 12%, oligoisomaltose 0.5%, FOS 0.8%, galactooligosaccharide 1.0%, honey 5%, HFCS 5%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2%, xanthans 0.2%, cycloheptaamylose 1%, vitamin A 0.00005%, Cobastab 30.006%, vitamin C 0.1%, vitamin D 30.000005%, taurine 0.1%, and surplus is for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%.
A kind of production technology of red date underflow may further comprise the steps: accurately take by weighing each raw material by prescription, vitamin is concentrated the dissolving of jujube juice, mixing with an amount of (generally can be 5~10 times of weight) respectively or after mixing; Stir with spina date seed juice, matrimony vine juice, oligoisomaltose, FOS, galactooligosaccharide, honey, HFCS, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, xanthans, cycloheptaamylose separately or mix the back and add and concentrate in the jujube juice; Other steps are with embodiment 1.。
Described concentrated jujube juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Described spina date seed juice production method is with embodiment 4.
Described matrimony vine juice production method is with embodiment 4.
Embodiment 7
A kind of red date underflow contains spina date seed 5%, matrimony vine 10%, oligoisomaltose 0.8%, honey 3%, HFCS 5%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2%, xanthans 0.2%, cycloheptaamylose 1%, and surplus is for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%.
A kind of production technology of red date underflow, may further comprise the steps: accurately take by weighing each raw material by prescription, after earlier spina date seed juice, matrimony vine juice, oligoisomaltose, honey, HFCS and concentrated jujube juice being mixed, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, xanthans, cycloheptaamylose are concentrated the dissolving of jujube juice, mixing with an amount of (generally can be 5~10 times of weight) respectively or after several mixing, join again in the concentrated jujube juice, stir; Other steps are with embodiment 1.
Described concentrated jujube juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Described spina date seed juice production method is with embodiment 4.
Described matrimony vine juice production method is with embodiment 4.
Embodiment 8
A kind of red date underflow contains spina date seed 10%, matrimony vine 8%, oligoisomaltose 1%, honey 5%, HFCS 15%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2%, xanthans 0.2%, cycloheptaamylose 1%, and surplus is for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%.
A kind of production technology of red date underflow is with embodiment 7.
Described concentrated jujube juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Described spina date seed juice production method is with embodiment 4.
Described matrimony vine juice production method is with embodiment 4.
Embodiment 9
A kind of red date underflow contains spina date seed 4%, matrimony vine 7%, oligoisomaltose 3%, honey 6%, HFCS 25%, and surplus is for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%.
A kind of production technology of red date underflow is with embodiment 1.
Described concentrated jujube juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Described spina date seed juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Described matrimony vine juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 10
A kind of red date underflow contains spina date seed 5%, matrimony vine 8%, oligoisomaltose 0.6%, honey 3%, HFCS 15%, and surplus is for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%.
A kind of red date underflow production technology is with embodiment 1.
Described concentrated jujube juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Described spina date seed juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Described matrimony vine juice production method is with embodiment 1.
Be sample with embodiment 1 red date concentrated slurry product, the eating effect test of selecting 30 25~55 years old age experimenters in area, Taiyuan to carry out 3 months by a definite date, everyone amount every day 50~100g.Do not eat as far as possible or eat less other outer nutrient and healthcare products of normal diet in the process of the test.The result: in process of the test, eater's mental status, appetite, digestion situation, sleep quality, muscle power there is no unusually; Eater's immunity strengthens, and healthy, the state of mind is obviously improved, and the nutrient deficiency diseases shape do not occur.

Claims (4)

1. the production technology of a red date underflow is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) allotment;
Described being allocated as by prescription takes by weighing raw material, with spina date seed juice, matrimony vine juice, oligoisomaltose, honey, HFCS separately or mix the back and add and concentrate in the jujube juice, stirs; Described prescription is: spina date seed 1%~20%, matrimony vine 1%~20%, oligoisomaltose 0.5%~3%, honey 1%~6%, HFCS 5%~25%, and surplus is for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%;
Perhaps described being allocated as by prescription takes by weighing raw material, with spina date seed juice, matrimony vine juice, oligoisomaltose, FOS, galactooligosaccharide, honey, HFCS respectively or mix the back with being that 5~10 times of weight concentrate that jujube juice dissolves, mixing in right amount; Join again in the concentrated jujube juice, stir; Described prescription is: spina date seed 1%~20%, matrimony vine 1%~20%, oligoisomaltose 0.5%~3%, FOS 0.5%~2%, galactooligosaccharide 0.5%~1.5%, honey 1%~6%, HFCS 5%~25%, and surplus is for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%;
(2) glue mill;
Described glue mill is for to grind with colloid mill; Adjust the mill scale, beginning glue mill;
(3) sterilization;
Described sterilization is for to grind rear slurry intensification sterilization with glue, 80~95 ℃ of temperature, time 30~60min;
(4) leave standstill;
Described leaving standstill to the sterilization rear slurry leaves standstill 30~35min keeps 90~92 ℃ of temperature;
(5) can;
80~85 ℃ of described can temperature; Can concentration 70~75%;
(6) cooling;
Described be cooled to can after underflow place 15min at normal temperatures at least, then, water-bath cooling again, 25~30 ℃ of bath temperatures;
(7) packing.
2. the production technology of red date underflow according to claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) allotment;
Described being allocated as by prescription takes by weighing raw material, with spina date seed juice, matrimony vine juice, oligoisomaltose, honey, HFCS, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, xanthans, cycloheptaamylose separately or mix the back and add and concentrate in the jujube juice, stirs; And/or with FOS, galactooligosaccharide respectively or mix the back with being that 5~10 times of weight concentrate that jujube juice dissolves, mixing in right amount; Join again in the concentrated jujube juice, stir; Described prescription is: spina date seed 1%~20%, matrimony vine 1%~20%, oligoisomaltose 0.5%~3%, honey 1%~6%, HFCS 5%~25%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2%~0.5%, xanthans 0.1%~0.5%, cycloheptaamylose 0.5%~2%, FOS 0.5%~2%, galactooligosaccharide 0.5%~1.5%, surplus is for concentrating jujube juice, and total amount is 100%;
(2) glue mill;
Described glue mill is for to grind with colloid mill; Adjust the mill scale, beginning glue mill;
(3) sterilization;
Described sterilization is for to grind rear slurry intensification sterilization with glue, 80~95 ℃ of temperature, time 30~60min;
(4) leave standstill;
Described leaving standstill to the sterilization rear slurry leaves standstill 30~35min keeps 90~92 ℃ of temperature;
(5) can;
80~85 ℃ of described can temperature; Can concentration 70~75%;
(6) cooling;
Described be cooled to can after underflow place 15min at normal temperatures, then, water-bath cooling again, 25~30 ℃ of bath temperatures;
(7) packing.
3. according to the production technology of the described red date underflow of claim 1, it is characterized in that,
Described concentrated jujube juice production method comprises:
Raw material sorting: select no insect pest, no damaged by rats, do not have and go rotten, do not have rotten jujube fruit;
Clean and soak: jujube is put in 40~50 ℃ of warm water cleaned up; Further select in the cleaning process and remove defective jujube; Described immersion is put for jujube after will cleaning and is soaked 10~60min in 40~50 ℃ of warm water; Soak in dried jujube: water=1:3~10 ratios;
Microwave Treatment: the red date that immersion treatment is crossed carries out Microwave Treatment, and microwave power is 400~800w, and the time is 1~15min;
Lixiviate: for ultrasonic helping carried, material-water ratio is 1: 1~10; Supersonic frequency 40~100khz extracts 85~95 ℃ of temperature, time 1~2h;
Jujube juice separates: filter 65~80 ℃ of temperature after the lixiviate while hot;
Concentrate: adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 30~40 ° of Bx earlier, wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa; Adopt single-action to be concentrated into 65 ° more than the Bx again, vacuum 0.06~0.08MPa when single-action concentrates; Must concentrate jujube juice after concentrating;
Described spina date seed juice preparation method: spina date seed is pulverized, added 4~15 times of water, in 85~95 ℃, ultrasonic lixiviate secondary, each 1~2h, supersonic frequency 60~80khz; Extract is merged, adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 50~68 ° of Bx, get spina date seed juice; Wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa;
Described matrimony vine juice preparation method: matrimony vine put in 40~50 ℃ of water soak 5~30min, carry out Microwave Treatment, microwave power is 100~500w, and the time is 1~15min; Carry out ultrasonic helping again and carry secondary, each 1~2h, material-water ratio are generally 1: 4~15; Supersonic frequency 60~80khz extracts 85~95 ℃ of temperature; Extract is merged, adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 50~68 ° of Bx, get matrimony vine juice; Wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa.
4. according to the production technology of the described red date underflow of claim 2, it is characterized in that described concentrated jujube juice production method comprises:
Raw material sorting: select no insect pest, no damaged by rats, do not have and go rotten, do not have rotten jujube fruit;
Clean and soak: jujube is put in 40~50 ℃ of warm water cleaned up; Further select in the cleaning process and remove defective jujube; Described immersion is put for jujube after will cleaning and is soaked 10~60min in 40~50 ℃ of warm water; Soak in dried jujube: water=1:3~10 ratios;
Microwave Treatment: the red date that immersion treatment is crossed carries out Microwave Treatment, and microwave power is 400~800w, and the time is 1~15min;
Lixiviate: for ultrasonic helping carried, material-water ratio is 1: 1~10; Supersonic frequency 40~100khz extracts 85~95 ℃ of temperature, time 1~2h;
Jujube juice separates: filter 65~80 ℃ of temperature after the lixiviate while hot;
Concentrate: adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 30~40 ° of Bx earlier, wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa; Adopt single-action to be concentrated into 65 ° more than the Bx again, vacuum 0.06~0.08MPa when single-action concentrates; Must concentrate jujube juice after concentrating;
Described spina date seed juice preparation method: spina date seed is pulverized, added 4~15 times of water, in 85~95 ℃, ultrasonic lixiviate secondary, each 1~2h, supersonic frequency 60~80khz; Extract is merged, adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 50~68 ° of Bx, get spina date seed juice; Wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa;
Described matrimony vine juice preparation method: matrimony vine put in 40~50 ℃ of water soak 5~30min, carry out Microwave Treatment, microwave power is 100~500w, and the time is 1~15min; Carry out ultrasonic helping again and carry secondary, each 1~2h, material-water ratio are generally 1: 4~15; Supersonic frequency 60~80khz extracts 85~95 ℃ of temperature; Extract is merged, adopt triple effect rotating flow falling liquid film to be concentrated into 50~68 ° of Bx, get matrimony vine juice; Wherein one imitate temperature control at 90~95 ℃, vacuum-0.02Mpa, two imitate temperature control at 80~85 ℃, vacuum-0.06Mpa, the triple effect temperature is controlled at 55~60 ℃, vacuum-0.09Mpa.
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