CN1295510A - 制造塑料薄膜的方法和装置 - Google Patents

制造塑料薄膜的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1295510A
CN1295510A CN99804631A CN99804631A CN1295510A CN 1295510 A CN1295510 A CN 1295510A CN 99804631 A CN99804631 A CN 99804631A CN 99804631 A CN99804631 A CN 99804631A CN 1295510 A CN1295510 A CN 1295510A
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extruder
plastic sheeting
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film
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卡里·基扎万内
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Naiksetorom Holding S A
Mindset Holding SA
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Naiksetorom Holding S A
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/908Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article characterised by calibrator surface, e.g. structure or holes for lubrication, cooling or venting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/305Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/361Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die with the barrel or with a part thereof rotating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/91Heating, e.g. for cross linking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911Cooling
    • B29C48/9135Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means
    • B29C48/914Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means cooling drums
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/919Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling using a bath, e.g. extruding into an open bath to coagulate or cool the material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于制造塑料薄膜的方法和装置,其中,利用一挤压机(1)挤压一环形薄膜预塑坯。挤压机(1)包含一用于延展和整平环形薄膜预塑坯而形成一平的薄膜(5)的喷嘴(6)。

Description

制造塑料薄膜的方法和装置
本发明涉及一种用于制造塑料薄膜的方法,该方法包含利用一挤压机挤压一环形塑料薄膜预塑坯(preform)。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造塑料薄膜的装置,该装置包含一个用于挤压环形塑料薄膜预塑坯的挤压机。
美国专利3,244,781和3,891,374和公开号是0,182,764的欧洲专利公开了制造塑料薄膜的装置。这些方案包含:挤压一环形塑料薄膜预塑坯,而后利用一型芯或者喷气器将其定向,然后,例如利用滚子将其平整为一平的塑料薄膜。然而,这种制造平的塑料薄膜的方法既复杂又困难,而且所需设备也很昂贵。
本发明的目的在于提供一种制造平的塑料薄膜的简单且有效的方法和装置。
本发明方法的特征在于:挤压机包含一用于延展环形薄膜预塑坯并将其整平为一平薄膜的喷嘴。
本发明装置的特征在于:挤压机包含一用于延展环形薄膜预塑坯并将其整平为一平薄膜的喷嘴。
本发明的基本构思是:利用一挤压机挤压一环形薄膜预塑坯,挤压机包含一用于延展和整平环形薄膜预塑坯从而使其变成一平薄膜的喷嘴。优选实施例的构思是:将挤压机的喷嘴设计为变宽到挤压机的末端部分。
本发明的优点在于:能够既简单又有效地生产出平薄膜。当将挤压机的喷嘴设计为变宽到挤压机的末端部分时,被挤压的塑料除了在纵向定向以外,还始终在横向定向,这样,在随后的操作步骤中,就可以很容易地使塑料薄膜在横向定向。
结合下面的附图,更加详细地说明本发明,其中:
图1表示本发明装置的示意性的剖视侧视图;
图2表示图1所示装置的局部剖视顶视图;
图3表示图1所示装置的一部分沿A-A线的剖视图;
图4表示图1所示装置的一部分沿B-B线的剖视图;
图5表示图1所示装置的一部分沿C-C线的剖视图;以及
图6表示本发明装置中使用的挤压机的示意性的剖视顶视图。
图1是本发明装置的侧视图。该装置包含一挤压机1。挤压机最好呈圆锥形,即,其包含一圆锥形转子2;转子的外部有一外定子3,其至少在转子2侧面上的表面是圆锥形的;转子的内部有一内定子4,其至少在转子2侧面上的表面是圆锥形的。此时,在转子内侧和外侧形成一圆锥形的环形进料间隙。当转子2旋转时,转子采用已知的方法挤压来自挤压机1的在转子2和定子3和4之间的材料。这种挤压机的基本结构在0,422,042号欧洲专利中公开。为清楚起见,图中未表示出例如转子的旋转装置或者向挤压机1内输送被挤压材料的送料装置。挤压机1可以包含不止一个转子2和不止两个定子3和4。在这种情况下,挤压机1可以用于挤压多层产品。采用一个转子2和两个定子3和4的方案可用于生产两层产品。内定子4的末端部分较宽且在垂直方向上逐渐变细,因而,其与喷嘴6一起形成一相对较平且宽的间隙,塑料5a穿过该间隙而被挤出。内定子4可以由两部分制成,例如,在这种情况下,内定子的末端部分与前面部分相连接。在喷嘴6之后有一校准件7,其上的螺母用于调整所述间隙的高度,以限定从挤压机1所得到的塑料薄膜5的厚度。
在挤压机1之后,塑料薄膜5由一冷却装置8进行冷却。冷却装置8可包含例如一冷却滚9,其设置在包含有冷却介质例如水的冷却箱10内。塑料薄膜5紧靠着冷却滚9。图1所示的装置用辅助滚11在几个点处引导塑料薄膜5。
在塑料薄膜5冷却之后,将其引向一加工方向定位装置12。加工方向定位装置12包含定位滚13,其速度是可调的,从而使定位滚可以用于拉伸塑料薄膜5,并从而使塑料薄膜沿加工方向定位。如果需要,每个定位滚13的速度可以分别进行调整。加工方向定位装置12还可以包含加热装置14,例如是辐射式加热器,用于用已知的方法给塑料薄膜5加热。也可通过向定位滚13供应加热介质例如热油而使定位滚13变热,从而使定位滚13可以用于加热塑料薄膜。如果需要,每个定位滚13的温度可以单独调整。
定位滚设置在排气腔15内。压力气体,最好是空气,沿着一气体供应管路16送入排气腔15内。例如可以用氮气或者其它气体或者气体混合物来替代空气以用作所输送的气体。还可以根据其所需的电特性来选择所输送的气体。例如,考虑到产品的预塑坯(preformlectric)的强度,适于采用六氟化硫SF6,并且考虑荷电率,可采用例如氩。所输送气体的压力比常用的起泡方法相对小些,最好大约是10巴(bar),但可以在例如3到20巴之间变化。将适用的材料例如碳酸钙颗粒混合到塑料薄膜5的塑料5a当中,并且,由于颗粒的影响,塑料分子和混合材料的接合表面在定向过程中容易被扯开,因而形成空化气泡。当通过将压力气体作用在塑料薄膜5上而进行定向时,上述气体就扩散到空化气泡内并在气泡内引起过压。在排气腔15内,压力气体可以作用在塑料薄膜5的两个侧面上,因而,在塑料薄膜5内均匀地形成气泡。排气腔15在塑料薄膜5的入口和出口处用已知的方法密封。
在加工方向定位装置12之后,塑料薄膜5被输送到横向定位装置17。在横向定位装置17内,塑料薄膜5沿横向被拉伸,即,基本上沿着与在加工方向装置12内所进行的定位的方向垂直的方向来进行定位。由于在气泡内的气体过压和横向拉伸,气泡会在侧向增长,而且,从某种程度上讲,也会在横向定位装置17内沿垂直方向增长。在这种情况下,薄膜的成泡比例是例如大约70%到90%。通过调整送入排气腔15内的气体压力,可以简单地调整成泡比例。横向定位装置17包含两个定位轮18,一个定位带19对着两个定位轮。定位带19是由带导向滚20引导的环形带。塑料薄膜5的边缘设置在定位轮18和定位带19之间。定位带19牢固且均匀地基本上沿着横向定位装置17的整个行程将塑料薄膜5的边缘压在定位轮18和定位带19之间,在这种情况下,薄膜未受到变化的压应力和拉伸应变的作用,因此,塑料薄膜侧向拉伸,且不会出现撕裂现象。为清楚起见,图1中所表示的塑料薄膜5、定位轮18和定位带19之间彼此有一定距离,但是,在实际当中,这些部件之间彼此是紧压在一起的。如图2所示,沿着塑料薄膜方向,所设置的定位轮18和定位带19彼此之间在末端比其在初始端的距离大很多,因此,横向定位装置17使塑料薄膜5在横向上拉伸并同时定位。定位轮18和定位带19与加工方向之间的角度偏差可以根据所要求的横向拉伸的程度来进行调整。可以设置一个或者多个由旋转装置转动的带导向滚20。因为定位带19牢固地压在定位轮18上,因此定位轮18不必采用旋转装置就可以自由地旋转。为清楚起见,附图中没有表示出旋转装置或者装置的其它致动器。一与定位轮18的周边基本上具有相同形状的弯曲的支承板21设置在支承塑料薄膜5的定位轮18之间。
横向定位装置17可以放置在其自身的箱体26内。如果需要,箱体26可以装有已知的加热器,例如辐射式加热器,以加热塑料薄膜5。
在横向定位装置17之后,塑料薄膜5被引入一卸载单元22。在卸载单元22内,塑料薄膜5松弛,因此,塑料薄膜按已知的方式会收缩一点。最后,将塑料薄膜5缠绕在卷轴23上。
图2是本发明的装置在挤压机1处的剖视顶视图。为清楚起见,图2中没有表示出塑料薄膜5或者装置中例如固定着滚予、卷轴和板的支承结构。
图3是沿图1中A-A线的挤压机1的一部分的剖视图。其中,外定子和内定子4的横截面都是圆形的。因此,塑料材料5a也是在一个环形送料通道内,即,在这一阶段,挤压机直接将材料形成一环形塑料薄膜预塑坯,而没有任何中间步骤。
图4是沿图1中B-B线的挤压机1的一部分的剖视图。从此图我们可以看到内定子4的宽大的末端和将塑料5a挤压入宽大且平直的间隙内的喷嘴6的形状,因此,一平展的塑料薄膜5由环形的塑料薄膜预塑坯而形成。如果送到转子2外侧的第一塑料材料5a与送入转子2内侧的第二塑料材料5a′不同,则首先得到一个两层的环形塑料薄膜预塑坯,然后形成一个多层的塑料薄膜5。
图5是沿图1中C-C线的横向定位装置17的一部分的剖视图。从图5中可以看出,定位轮和定位带是怎样互相推压配合并且在其之间是怎样压紧塑料薄膜5的。可以通过例如设置加热电阻而将对着塑料薄膜5的支承板21的表面加热,因此,塑料薄膜5可以很容易地沿着上述滑动表面滑动。而且,可以使推进剂例如空气从支承板21吹过间隙21a,在这种情况下,流过间隙21a的推进剂就在支承板21和塑料薄膜5之间提供了一个滑动支承。如果需要,可以将上述气体加热,因而,随着推进剂流过间隙21a,支承板21的滑动表面和塑料薄膜5就被加热。
图6表示本发明装置中使用的挤压机1。挤压机1的喷嘴6变宽到挤压机的末端部分,即,直到塑料薄膜5从挤压机1出去的位置。在挤压机1的喷嘴6内,塑料5a除了纵向定位外,总是处于横向定位状态,这样,在后面的操作步骤中,使得塑料薄膜在横向的定位相当容易。
采用已知的方法,可以使塑料薄膜5具有几种用途。例如,塑料薄膜5的至少一个表面可以设置一导电涂层,此时,该方案可以用于例如若干音响装置中的麦克风或者扩音器,包括声音衰减装置。塑料薄膜5还可以是永久充电的。
附图和相关的说明仅用来说明本发明的基本原理。本发明中的细节可以在权利要求限定的保护范围内变化。

Claims (10)

1.一种制造塑料薄膜的方法,该方法包含利用一挤压机(1)挤压一环形塑料薄膜预塑坯,其特征在于:挤压机(1)包含一用于延展和整平环形薄膜预塑坯而使之变成一平的薄膜(5)的喷嘴(6)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:通过喷嘴(6),将薄膜(5)延展到挤压机(1)的末端部分。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于:通过调整挤压机(1)的校准件(7)内的间隙的高度来调整塑料薄膜(5)的厚度。
4.根据前面任何一项权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于:挤压机(1)至少挤压两层环形塑料薄膜预塑坯,而且,将预塑坯压平为一多层薄膜(5)。
5.根据前面任何一项权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于:挤压机(1)包含至少一个转子(2)和至少一个定子(3,4),在转子(2)和定子(3,4)之间有一个圆锥形的环形送料间隙。
6.一种制造塑料薄膜的装置,该装置包含用于挤压一环形薄膜预塑坯的挤压机(1),其特征在于:挤压机(1)包含一用于延展和整平环形薄膜预塑坯而使之变成一平的薄膜(5)的喷嘴(6)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于:喷嘴(6)扩展到挤压机(1)的末端部分。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于:该装置包含一设置在挤压机(1)内的校准件(7),通过调整校准件(7)内的间隙的高度而调整薄膜(5)的厚度。
9.根据权利要求6到8中任何一项所述的装置,其特征在于:将挤压机(1)设置成至少挤压一个可制成一多层薄膜(5)的两层环形薄膜预塑坯。
10.根据权利要求6到9中任何一项所述的装置,其特征在于:挤压机(1)包含至少一个转子(2)和至少一个定子(3,4),并且至少它们彼此对着的表面是圆锥形,从而在它们之间形成圆锥形的环形进料间隙。
CN99804631A 1998-04-07 1999-04-01 制造塑料薄膜的方法和装置 Pending CN1295510A (zh)

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FI980800A FI107034B (fi) 1998-04-07 1998-04-07 Menetelmä ja laitteisto muovikalvon valmistamiseksi ja muovikalvo
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FI982502A FI107321B (fi) 1998-04-07 1998-11-19 Menetelmä ja laite muovikalvon valmistamiseksi

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DE102006062893B3 (de) 2006-09-05 2023-07-13 Kautex Textron Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von bandförmigen Kunststoffvorformlingen
DE102006042065B4 (de) 2006-09-05 2021-05-12 Kautex Textron Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von bandförmigen Kunststoffvorformlingen
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US3761553A (en) * 1971-06-28 1973-09-25 Celanese Corp Method for producing uniform drawn films
JPS58124618A (ja) * 1982-01-20 1983-07-25 テトラ・パツク・インタ−ナシヨナル・アクチ−ボラグ 熱可塑性フイルム押出成形用tダイ
US4790972A (en) * 1986-05-16 1988-12-13 Rampart Packaging Inc. Method for stacking billets and thermoforming
US5190711A (en) * 1988-06-09 1993-03-02 American National Can Company Methods for processing polymers
FI83184C (fi) * 1988-06-06 1991-06-10 Kari Kirjavainen Foerfarande och extrusionsanordning foer att behandla material avsett att extruderas.

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FI982502A (fi) 1999-10-08
EP1076605A1 (en) 2001-02-21

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