CN1295338C - 靶向于成纤维细胞生长因子受体的聚乙烯亚胺转基因载体 - Google Patents
靶向于成纤维细胞生长因子受体的聚乙烯亚胺转基因载体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供靶向于成纤维细胞生长因子受体的聚乙烯亚胺转基因载体,包括与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子受体特异结合的寡肽YC25、寡肽YC25/阳离子多聚物PEI/外源DNA的基因转移非病毒载体复合物系统。本发明提供的载体能将外源DNA有效地导入高表达FGFRs的肿瘤细胞系和肿瘤组织,达到抑制肿瘤生长的作用,但对不表达FGFRs的肿瘤细胞的转染效率很低,使得载体系统具备了肿瘤靶向性;本发明非病毒转基因载体系统可转移的外源DNA大小范围可以从几十bp到几千kb,克服了病毒载体插入外源基因的大小限制,可用于制备多基因的联合转移以治疗肿瘤的药物,同时也可作为平台技术用于制备治疗其他疾病的基因药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术,具体地说,涉及一种靶向于肿瘤细胞表面成纤维细胞生长因子受体(fibroblast growth factor receptors,FGFRs)的非病毒转基因载体,用于将编码治疗基因的表达质粒转入富含FGFR的肿瘤细胞。本发明还涉及此非病毒转基因载体的制备和用途。
背景技术
基因治疗是指将外源基因转入细胞内部,通过恢复或增添基因表达以纠正人自身基因的结构或功能上的错乱,阻止病变的进展,杀灭病变的细胞,或抑制外源病原体遗传物质的复制,从而达到治病的目的。基因治疗包括三个重要环节,即目的基因、转基因载体和靶细胞。基因导入系统是基因治疗的核心技术。目前,应用于基因治疗的载体主要有病毒载体系统和非病毒载体系统。病毒载体转染效率高,是体内基因治疗的主要工具,但病毒载体包装容量有限、制备复杂、有免疫原性(体内不能反复应用)和潜在的安全危险。而非病毒载体具有安全性高、免疫原性低、易于对DNA进行操作等优点,故人们愈来愈重视人工合成的非病毒载体的研究[1],而解决靶向性问题是非病毒中载体中最为关注的问题,理想的载体系统是能将治疗基因输送到并进入特定的靶细胞,从而能在该细胞中得到有效表达,这对于恶性肿瘤基因治疗尤为重要。以受体靶向的非病毒载体系统是最常用和有效的策略,利用细胞表面表达特异性的受体或蛋白,将特定的配体分子或片段与载体连接形成分子偶联体,使DNA能靶向性地转到表达受体的细胞。同时,针对非病毒载体的缺陷及DNA转移过程中的内吞小泡释放问题、转运入核问题,根据具体情况选择合适的载体,并对其作进一步的优化、改善以获得满意的治疗或应用效果。目前常用的非病毒载体包括裸DNA,脂质体载体及阳离子多聚物型载体等。聚乙烯亚胺(polyethylenimine,PEI)是最常用的阳离子多聚物非病毒载体,PEI可把质粒DNA缩合(condense)成数百纳米大小的颗粒,通过静电作用黏附到细胞表面上,被动内吞。PEI在吞噬泡内不能降解,同时可保护DNA免受溶酶体降解;另外,PEI有渗透性肿胀效应,导致吞噬泡破裂,使DNA进入胞浆,并促进DNA进入细胞核。
成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factors,FGFs)是一个结合肝素的多肽家族,至少包括了23个结构上相关的多肽,其中bFGF(basic fibroblastgrowth factor,bFGF或称FGF-2)与肿瘤关系较密切,bFGF可刺激肿瘤生长,同时是强有力的血管生成剂,在肿瘤的血管形成中具有重要作用。bFGF的放射受体分析证明FGF受体有两类[2],一类是饱和的、高亲和力受体,有四型即FGFR1~4,与FGF具有pmol的亲和力,介导FGF的细胞反应,属于酪氨酸激酶受体超家族;另一类是低亲和力位点,主要为硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多糖(heparan sulfate proteoglycan,HSPG)。研究表明,许多癌细胞系高表达FGFR,如Chandler等[3]研究了60株9个不同类型的人肿瘤细胞系FGFR的表达情况,结果表明90%表达一种以上的FGFR。在静息细胞的细胞核里,几乎检测不到bFGF及其受体。不同类型细胞表面受体的配体例如糖类残基、肽、蛋白质和抗体已用于靶向非病毒载体,如转铁蛋白、甘露糖、表皮细胞生长因子、叶酸等,bFGF完整分子靶向的病毒载体和多聚赖氨酸载体已有报道[4-9]。目前在非病毒载体的构建方面,寡肽配体的应用是研究方向之一。完整bFGF分子或其寡肽偶联的PEI尚未见报道。
发明内容
本发明提供靶向于成纤维细胞生长因子受体的聚乙烯亚胺转基因载体,包括与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子受体特异结合的寡肽YC25、寡肽YC25/阳离子多聚物PEI/外源DNA的基因转移非病毒载体复合物系统,以及在制备利用该非病毒载体系统介导外源基因治疗包括宫颈癌、大肠癌、肝癌多种恶性肿瘤的药物中的应用。
本发明的第一方面提供与细胞表面碱性成纤维细胞生长因子受体特异结合的寡肽YC25,我们设计合成的bFGF配体寡肽YC25序列:YRSRKYTSWYVALKRTGQYKLGSKC(25个氨基酸)。多肽通过固相法合成,在美国ABI公司的多肽合成仪(431A)上进行,采用Fmoc(9-芴甲氧羰基)方案,合成步骤按照ABI公司的多肽合成操作手册进行。经高效液相色谱纯化,纯度>95%,序列鉴定通过质谱分析。多肽要与巯基化的大分子作交联,合成后寡肽末端的半胱氨酸保持巯基活性,同时避免多肽之间交联,多肽中不含有巯基还原剂(如DTT、二巯基乙醇或二巯基乙烷等)。
本发明的第二方面提供寡肽/阳离子多聚物PEI/外源DNA的基因转移非病毒载体复合物系统,其中寡肽是YC25,阳离子多聚物是多聚乙稀亚胺PEI,外源DNA是报告基因如编码增强型绿色荧光蛋白EGFP的质粒pEGFP和编码β-半乳糖苷酶(β-gal)的质粒pSVβ及pcDNA3.1β等,细胞因子基因如编码人白细胞介素18(IL-18)的质粒pcDNA3.1(-)B-IL-18,编码人α-干扰素(α-IFN)质粒pCSK-α-IFN等。该非病毒载体复合物的构建方法,合成的YC25寡肽末端含一个自由巯基的半胱氨酸(Cysteine,C),用于与异双功能交联剂活化的PEI形成二硫键,保证每个寡肽与PEI只有一个交联位点,制备寡肽与PEI的偶联产物,再与带电荷的外源DNA混合形成载体复合物系统。
本发明的第三方面是利用寡肽YC25/阳离子多聚物PEI/外源DNA的基因转移非病毒载体复合物系统在制备治疗包括宫颈癌、大肠癌、肝癌等各种恶性肿瘤肿瘤的药物中的应用。
利用上述载体系统转染pEGFP质粒,pSVβ质粒及pcDNA3.1β质粒,pcDNA3.1(-)B-IL-18,pCSK-α-IFN到猴胚肾细胞COS-7(FGFR阳性),人宫颈癌细胞Hela(FGFR阳性),人前列腺癌细胞PC-3(FGFR阴性),人肝癌细胞HepG2(FGFR阳性)等并检测其转染效率,实验证明YC25-PEI可有效地介导pEGFP质粒和pcDNA3.1(-)B-IL-18在FGFR阳性的Hela,COS-7,HepG2等细胞中表达,与自由PEI相比,转染效率明显增高;而对FGFR阴性的PC-3细胞则不能增加转染效率。建立BALB/C裸鼠的荷瘤模型,瘤体内注射携带外援DNA的载体复合物系统,观察目的基因的表达情况和肿瘤生长抑制情况。实验证明,YC25-PEI复合物系统可介导β-gal报告基因在HepG2肝癌裸鼠模型的瘤体局部有效地表达。利用YC25-PEI/pCSK-α-IFN进行基因治疗可有效抑制裸鼠皮下HepG2肿瘤的生长。
本发明非病毒载体复合物系统能在体内外实验中将外源DNA靶向性地导入表达FGFR的肿瘤细胞,在恶性肿瘤基因治疗中具有较好的应用前景,为临床肿瘤基因药物的应用提供了研究基础。
向肿瘤释放药物或转基因,FGFR是个潜在的吸引人的靶位点,大多数癌细胞以及肿瘤新生血管都高表达FGFRs。本发明利用PEI作为载体系统的骨架,同时利用FGF受体(fibroblast growth factor receptor,FGFR)在大多数肿瘤细胞和肿瘤新生血管高表达的特点,自主设计了能与肿瘤细胞表面相应受体结合的碱性细胞生长因子寡肽YC25,利用交联技术将寡肽与PEI偶联,构建了新型的非病毒基因载体系统,以增加其对肿瘤细胞及其新生血管的靶向性,旨在提供用于恶性肿瘤基因治疗药物制备的研究。利用配体多肽识别肿瘤细胞膜上过量表达的生长因子受体,经细胞的内吞作用,通过该载体系统将外源DNA选择性地导入肿瘤细胞,达到治疗肿瘤的目的。bFGF受体结合区寡肽靶向的PEI尚未见应用和报道。
本发明优点:本发明提供了一种能与肿瘤细胞膜表面成纤维细胞生长因子受体特异结合的合成多肽YC25,构建了YC25肽/阳离子多聚物/外源DNA复合体非病毒基因转移载体;本发明非病毒基因转移载体能将外源DNA有效地导入高表达FGFRs的肿瘤细胞系和肿瘤组织,达到抑制肿瘤生长的作用,但对不表达FGFRs的肿瘤细胞的转染效率很低,使得载体系统具备了肿瘤靶向性;本发明非病毒转基因载体系统可转移的外源DNA大小范围可以从几十bp到几千kb,克服了病毒载体插入外源基因的大小限制,可用于制备多基因的联合转移以治疗肿瘤的药物,同时也可作为平台技术用于制备治疗其他疾病的基因药物。
说明书附图
图1是载体复合物(YC25-PEI/pSVβ质粒DNA)形成后DNA在凝胶电泳中的阻滞情况。
图2是透射电镜观察YC25-PEI/DNA复合物物理形状和大小(N/P=10,标尺=1μm)。
图3是YC25-PEI/pSVβ转染COS-7细胞后X-gal原位固定染色结果。
图4是YC25-PEI/pEGFP DNA转染Hela细胞后荧光显微镜下观察阳性细胞。
图5是YC25-PEI/pEGFP DNA转染Hela和PC-3细胞后流式细胞测定阳性细胞百分比(
x±s,n=3)。
图6是YC-25-PEI/pcDNA3.1(-)B-IL-18转染Hela和PC-3细胞后培养上清中IL-18表达水平。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例一
多肽与PEI通过异双功能交联剂SPDP(Succinimidyl3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate)或SMCC(Succinimidyl trans-4-(maleimidylmethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate)偶联。SPDP与PEI(pH 7~8)的氨基作用,形成吡啶二巯基修饰的PEI(PDP-PEI);后者可与含有巯基的蛋白质反应。多肽通过半胱氨酸巯基团与PDP-PEI反应,产生二硫键连接的寡肽-PEI衍生物。SMCC与PEI形成马来酰亚胺化的PEI(maleimided PEI),后者与含有巯基的多肽反应,寡肽与PEI通过二硫键连接。YC25寡肽与PEI不同摩尔比的偶联产物,再按照一定N/P比与带负电荷的外源DNA通过静电作用结合成YC25肽/阳离子多聚物/外源DNA载体复合物。
1.YC25的合成:
多肽通过固相法合成,经高效液相色谱纯化,纯度>95%,序列鉴定通过质谱分析。多肽要与巯基化的大分子作交联,合成后寡肽末端的半胱氨酸保持巯基活性,同时避免多肽之间交联,多肽中不含有巯基还原剂(如DTT、二巯基乙醇或二巯基乙烷等)。多肽的功能通过与FGFR阳性细胞的结合试验以及多肽PEI偶联物/DNA复合物转染细胞实验进行筛选和验证。
2.活化PEI的制备
将2ml的5mg/ml PEI(溶媒25mM NaCl,pH 7.0)与SMCC(25mg/ml inDMF)按摩尔比分别1∶3,1∶5混合[25mg PEI(MW 25kDa)=1μmol,0.33433mg SMCC=1μmol];混合时,SMCC逐滴加入PEI中,边加边搅动。室温作用30min。
去除多余的未反应的SMCC。取1.5ml上述PEI-SMCC混合物,在HiTrapDesalting SephadexTM G-25 Superfine柱过柱,按照说明书用脱气的0.1MPBS(pH 7.0)洗脱,收集2ml除去SMCC后的maleimided-PEI(回收率>95%)(浓度为3.75mg/ml)。将maleimided-PEI应用孔径0.22μm、直径4mm聚氯乙烯(PVC)滤膜滤器(Millipore)过滤除菌。PEI活化后尽快与巯基寡肽偶联,放置不宜超过24h。留取部分样品测定PEI活化程度。巯基和硫化物定量试剂盒可以定量PEI马来酰亚胺(maleimides)化程度。在410nm检测吸光度。
SPDP可代替SMCC活化PEI,方法与上类似。
3.活化PEI与巯基寡肽的偶联
无菌操作将maleimided-PEI与巯基寡肽混合,摩尔比分别按照1∶3,1∶5混合。4℃缓慢摇动24h以上或室温作用12h。应用截流分子量10000的超滤(Superfiltration)(Millipore)通过离心,去除多余的未结合的巯基寡肽。将制备的寡肽-PEI偶联产物针式滤器过滤除菌,4℃保存。分别制备下列bFGF寡肽与PEI偶联的产物:YC25-PEI(3∶1)、YC25-PEI(5∶1)。
4.寡肽-PEI浓度的测定
通过2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)法测定氨基的浓度来测定PEI或PEI衍生物的浓度。PEI或寡肽-PEI用0.1mol/L NaHCO3(pH 8.5)倍数稀释到浓度范围20~200μg/ml。Tris、甘氨酸或其他含自由氨基的缓冲液应当避免使用。每次反应,配制新鲜的0.01%(w/v)TNBS溶液,用0.1mol/L NaHCO3(pH 8.5)作稀释液。加0.25ml 0.01%(w/v)TNBS溶液到0.5ml待检样本溶液中。混合均匀。37℃温育2h。加0.25ml 10%SDS和0.125ml 1N HCl到每个样本中。测量溶液在335nm处吸光度。一系列已知浓度的(0、50、75、100、125、150、175、200μg/ml)PEI反应溶液作为标准品,绘制标准曲线,计算待测样本浓度。
5.寡肽-PEI偶联物的鉴定
5.1TNBS法
通过TNBS法测定PEI增加的寡肽氨基评估PEI与寡肽偶联的程度,方法参照文献[10]。取PEI偶联前所用量的1%,以及偶联后寡肽-PEI产量的1%,通过TNBS法反应30min,测定各自在335nm处吸光度。偶联程度计算如下:
%Substitution=Absorbance330nm of oligopeptide-PEI/Absorbance330nm ofPEI
5.2核磁共振法(nuclear magnesium resonance,NMR)
通过NMR鉴定寡肽PEI是否偶联成功。取一部分待测定的寡肽-PEI溶液与自由的PEI溶液真空干燥。干燥后的白色粉末溶于氧化氘(deuterium oxide,D2O),0.22μm针式微型滤器过滤,在Varian Inova 600MHz波谱仪(Varian,Palo Alto,CA)上应用标准的质子参数测定1H-NMR波谱,峰的化学位移参照HDO(hydrogen deuderium oxide,HDO)的共振峰(4.8ppm)。
6.YC25肽/阳离子多聚物/外源DNA复合物载体的制备,凝胶电泳鉴定,透射电镜观察大小和形态。
YC25寡肽与PEI不同摩尔比的偶联产物,再按照一定N/P比与带负电荷的外源DNA通过静电作用(YC25寡肽偶联的PEI溶液与质粒DNA的溶液混合)可结合成YC25肽/阳离子多聚物/外源DNA载体复合物系统,用于体内外转染实验。取复合物30μl用琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察DNA在凝胶电泳中的阻滞情况,N/P比大于3时可将质粒DNA完全阻滞在加样孔中。寡肽偶联的PEI/DNA复合物的大小和形态通过负染透射电镜检测,在N/P=10,PEI衍生物/DNA复合物颗粒呈类圆形,稍不规则,大小从110nm到280nm不等。
7.YC25肽/阳离子多聚物/外源DNA复合物载体系统用于肿瘤细胞的转染实验及荷瘤裸鼠的基因治疗
利用寡肽-PEI偶联物转染编码增强型绿色荧光蛋白的pEGFP质粒和编码β-半乳糖苷酶的pSVβ质粒及pcDNA3.1β质粒,到FGFR阳性的COS-7细胞,Hela细胞,HepG2等细胞并检测转染效率,转染编码IL-18和α-IFN的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1(-)B-IL-18,pCSK-α-IFN等治疗基因,ELISA试剂盒检测上清中细胞因子表达情况。通过过量人重组bFGF竞争抑制试验以及转染FGFR阴性的前列腺癌PC-3细胞,验证寡肽-PEI的特异性靶向作用。裸鼠皮下注射肿瘤细胞成瘤后,瘤体内注射携带pcDNA3.1β质粒或pCSK-α-IFN的寡肽-PEI复合物,48h后牺牲裸鼠取瘤体,冰冻切片,进行组织X-gal染色检测β-gal表达。观察pCSK-α-IFN基因治疗的抗肿瘤作用。
实施例二 YC25肽/PEI/外源DNA复合物载体的凝胶电泳鉴定
按PEI/DNA N/P=0、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0,应用HBS作为溶媒,分别配制YC25-PEI/pEGFP DNA混合液,分别取30μl进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察DNA阻滞情况。电泳条件:1%琼脂糖(含0.5μg/ml溴化乙锭),1×TAE缓冲液,电压5V/cm,电泳时间30min。结果表明N/P比大于3时可将质粒DNA完全阻滞在加样孔中(参见图1)。
实施例三 透射电镜下YC25-PEI/DNA复合物颗粒的大小
PEI衍生物/DNA复合物的大小和形态通过负染透射电镜检测。按N/P=10制备PEI/DNA复合物、YC25-PEI(5∶1)/pEGFP DNA复合物和CP9-PEI(5∶1)/pEGFP DNA复合物。2μg pSVβ质粒加入到100μl的0.9%NaCl溶液中,对应量的PEI衍生物加入其中,涡旋混合。温育30min后,取5μl的寡肽PEI/DNA复合物谨慎地滴在覆有聚乙烯醇缩甲醇支持膜的铜/铑网上。1min后,将铜/铑网放在醋酸双氧铀溶液上负染20s。过量的溶液用吸水纸小心吸除。样本在Philips TECNAI 10透射电子显微镜下观测,电压80kV。在N/P=10,PEI衍生物/DNA复合物颗粒呈类圆形,稍不规则,大小从110nm到280nm不等。偶联寡肽的PEI与未偶联寡肽的PEI相比,转染复合物颗粒物理形态、大小无显著差异(p<0.05)(参见图2)。
实施例四 bFGF寡肽YC25与FGFR的亲和试验
通过将bFGF寡肽YC25与HRP偶联,制备表位肽标记的HRP检测FGFR阳性的细胞,来鉴定YC25寡肽是否能结合到FGFR上。在六孔板中培养COS-7细胞[FGFR(+)]、PC-3细胞[FGFR(-)]以及Hela细胞[FGFR(+)]。待细胞丰度80%时,血清饥饿12h。然后进行YC25偶联的HRP与细胞FGFR结合试验。吸去细胞培养液,PBS洗一次。每孔加入1ml(2%甲醛+0.05%戊二醛的PBS溶液)固定液,固定15min。每孔加入3ml 0.01M PBS,洗3次。在3%H2O2水溶液中作用5min;每孔加入3ml 0.01M PBS,洗3次。每孔1ml 1%BSA,37℃温育20min,封闭蛋白结合位点。吸去多余液体,滴加系列稀释后的YC25偶联的HRP(1∶50、1∶100、1∶200及1∶300),37℃温育1h。对照组滴加HRP作为检测物。温育后,每孔加入3ml 0.01M PBS,洗4次。加入DAB-H2O2染色5~15min,每孔加入3ml 0.01M PBS,洗3次后显微镜下观察。结果:YC25-HRP可以有效地结合到FGR阳性的细胞上:COS-7细胞,Hela细胞,HepG2细胞等。YC-25-HRP不能有效地结合到FGFR(-)PC-3细胞上。
实施例五 YC25-PEI/pSVβ转染FGFR(+)COS-7细胞
将COS-7细胞接种在24孔板,每孔5×104细胞。培养24h,待细胞60~80%融合时转染。每孔转染2μg pSVβ质粒,按PEI/DNAN/P=10[PEI与DNA的N/P摩尔比=[PEI(μg)×23.25]/[质粒(μg)×3.08]=7.53×PEI(μg)/质粒(μg)](对Cos-7细胞,N/P=10转染效果最佳),分别应用PEI、YC25-PEI(3∶1)、YC25-PEI(5∶1)制备转染复合物。吸去细胞培养液,每孔加入1ml无血清DMEM,将转染复合物加到细胞上,水平缓慢摇动30min,然后放入细胞培养箱中培养。培养6~8h后,吸去转染液,每孔加入1ml含10%血清的DMEM继续培养36h后检测结果,分别采用原位固定X-gal染色和细胞裂解产物β-gal定量。结果:bFGF寡肽-PEI/pSVβDNA转染COS-7后原位固定X-gal染色,转染阳性细胞比例YC25-PEI(5∶1)/DNA>YC25-PEI(3∶1)/DNA>PEI/DNA(参见图3)。细胞裂解产物β-gal定量,在N/P=10,偶联YC25寡肽后PEI转染效率增加(p<0.05)。其中,YC25-PEI(5∶1)>YC25-PEI(3∶1)>PEI(p<0.05)(参见图3)。
实施例六 YC25-PEI/pEGFP转染FGFR(+)Hela细胞
将人宫颈癌细胞系Hela细胞接种在6孔板,每孔5×105细胞。培养24h后,待细胞60%左右汇合时转染。每孔转染4μg编码绿色荧光蛋白的pEGFP质粒,按PEI/DNA N/P=7.5(对Hela细胞,N/P=7.5最优),分别应用PEI、YC25-PEI(3∶1)、YC25-PEI(5∶1)进行转染。转染36h后,倒置荧光显微镜观察(参见图4)及流式细胞仪定量分析GFP阳性细胞比例。结果YC25寡肽-PEI/pEGFP质粒转染Hela细胞36h后,流式细胞仪分析GFP阳性细胞比例,YC25-PEI(5∶1)>YC25-PEI(3∶1)>PEI(p<0.05)(参见图5)。
实施例七 YC25-PEI/pcDNA3.1β转染FGFR(-)PC-3细胞的转染效率测定
将前列腺癌细胞系PC-3细胞接种在24孔板。培养24h后,待细胞60~80%汇合时转染。每孔转染2μg编码β-半乳糖甙酶的pcDNA3.1β质粒。按PEI/DNA N/P=7.5(对PC-3细胞,N/P=7.5转染条件最优),分别应用PEI、YC25-PEI(3∶1)、YC25-PEI(5∶1)进行转染。转染后36h后细胞裂解产物定量分析β-gal表达。结果:FGFR(-)的PC-3细胞,bFGF寡肽YC25-PEI/pcDNA3.1βDNA转染后经细胞裂解产物β-gal定量分析,显示偶联YC-25寡肽的PEI没有增加转染效率,反而降低了转染效率(p<0.05)(参见图5)。
实施例八 YC25-PEI/pcDNA3.1(-)B-IL-18体外转染试验
分别接种Hela细胞、PC-3细胞于6孔板,每孔5×105细胞。培养24h后,待细胞60~80%汇合时转染。每孔转染4μg pcDNA3.1(-)B-IL-18质粒,每μg质粒稀释在50μl 0.9%NaCl溶液中。按PEI/DNA N/P=7.5,分别加入PEI、YC25-PEI(3∶1)、YC25-PEI(5∶1)于质粒溶液中,后立即短暂涡旋30s,室温静置15~30min。吸去多孔板细胞上的培养液,每孔加入1ml无血清DMEM。将PEI/DNA混合物加到细胞上,水平摇床上缓慢摇动10~30min,然后放入CO2培养箱。培养6~10h后,吸去转染液,每孔加入1ml含15%血清的培养液。转染pcDNA3.1(-)B-IL-18的细胞培养24小时后收集上清储存于-20℃用于IL-18的测定。用人IL-18ELISA试剂盒定量细胞上清中的IL-18,发现与自由PEI相比,YC25-PEI可增强对Hela细胞的IL-18质粒的转染效率,上清中IL-18水平高于PEI转染组(p<0.05),而对PC-3细胞则无明显的增强效应(参见图6)。
实施例九 YC25-PEI/pCSK-α-IFN体外转染试验
将Hela细胞接种在24孔板,每孔5×104细胞。待细胞密度60%~70%左右转染编码α-干扰素的pSCK-α-IFN表达质粒,每孔2μg pSCK-α-IFN表达质粒。分别利用PEI、bFGF寡肽YC25-PEI(5∶1)转染,设PEI/DNA N/P=7.5。细胞每孔加1ml无血清DMEM,然后将制备的转染复合物加入,培养8h后吸去旧培养液,每孔加入1ml 10%FCS的DMEM,继续培养。转染后36h,吸取细胞上清,应用人α-IFN血清样本ELISA定量检测试剂盒定量细胞上清α-IFN水平(pg/ml)。结果:对于FGFR(+)的Hela细胞,α-IFN表达水平,YC25-PEI(5∶1)组>PEI组(p<0.05)。
实施例十 荷瘤裸鼠体内转基因实验
将Hela细胞株接种于5周龄BALB/C裸鼠腹侧皮下,待瘤直径长至0.4cm后,随机分组,每组6只,分别为NS(生理盐水)组、单纯质粒pcDNA3.1β组、PEI/质粒DNApcDNA3.1β组、YC25-PEI(5∶1)/质粒pcDNA3.1β组。瘤体内注射相当于5μg pcDNA3.1β质粒的转染复合物100μl,PEI/DNAN/P=7.5。第二天重复注射一次。注射后48h,牺牲裸鼠,取皮下肿瘤,用PBS漂洗2次,加入新鲜配制的固定液(2%多聚甲醛+0.25%戊二醛PBS溶液)4℃固定20min。PBS漂洗15min×3次。用OCT(Miles)包埋液包埋组织,放在冷冻切片机内冷冻。冷冻切片。将切片固定在APES包被的载玻片上,风干。在4℃4%甲醛中作用10min,使切片固定在载玻片上。将载玻片在PBS漂洗10min×2次。将载玻片在X-gal反应缓冲液中37℃染色1~24h。用PBS漂洗载玻片10min×3次。镜下观察结果,发现YC25-PEI/pcDNA3.1β组瘤体组织内β-gal可有效表达,组织蓝染,明显高于其他对照组。
将HepG2细胞株接种于裸鼠皮下,建立肿瘤模型,瘤块长至直径约0.5cm时,瘤体内注射携带pCSK-α-IFN质粒的YC25-PEI载体复合物进行基因治疗,每周二次共四次,观察肿瘤大小。与NS组,单纯质粒pCSK-α-IFN组、PEI/质粒pCSK-α-IFN组比较,YC25-PEI(5∶1)/pCSK-α-IFN组肿瘤生长明显受抑,接种后第24天时,与NS组比较,YC25-PEI(5∶1)/pCSK-α-IFN组肿瘤抑制率达51%。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
本发明涉及的参考文献:
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2.Moscatelli D.High and low affinity binding sites for basic fibroblast growthfactor on cultured cells:absence of a role for low affinity binding in thestimulation of plasminogen activator production by bovine capillary endothelialcells.J Cell Physiol,1987;131(1):123
3.Chandler LA,Sosnowski BA,Greenlees L,Aukerman SL,Baird A,PierceGF.Prevalent expression of fibroblast growth factor(FGF)receptors and FGF2in human tumor cell lines.Int J Cancer.1999,81(3):451
4.Blessing T,Kursa M,Holzhauser R,Kircheis R,Wagner E.Differentstrategies for formation of pegylated EGF-conjugated PEI/DNA complexes fortargeted gene delivery.Bioconjug Chem,2001;12(4):529
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6.Kursa M,Walker GF,Roessler V,Ogris M,Roedl W,Kircheis R,Wagner E.Novel shielded transferrin-polyethylene glycol-polyethylenimine/DNAcomplexes for systemic tumor-targeted gene tramsfer.Bioconjug Chem,2003;14(1):222
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8.O′Neill MM,Kennedy CA,Barton RW,Tatake RJ.Receptor-mediated genedelivery to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using anti-CD3 antibodycoupled to polyethylenimine.Gene Ther,200l;8(5):362
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Claims (5)
1.靶向于成纤维细胞生长因子受体的聚乙烯亚胺转基因载体,由寡肽、多聚乙烯亚胺和外源质粒DNA组成,其特征是:由碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的受体结合区寡肽YC25靶向,以多聚乙烯亚胺为骨架和外源质粒DNA组成的非病毒载体复合物系统,其中所述的寡肽YC25的氨基酸序列为YRSRKYTSWYVALKRTGQYKLGSKC。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚乙烯亚胺转基因载体,其特征是:含有的寡肽YC25可与细胞表面的成纤维细胞生长因子受体特异结合。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的聚乙烯亚胺转基因载体,其特征是:每个寡肽末端含有一个半胱氨酸,包含自由的巯基,用于被交联剂活化的聚乙烯亚胺偶联。
4.如权利要求1所述的聚乙烯亚胺转基因载体,其特征是:包含的外源质粒DNA,是各种含报告基因、细胞因子基因、抗癌基因的真核重组表达质粒。
5.权利要求1-4任一项所述的聚乙烯亚胺转基因载体在制备治疗肿瘤的基因药物中的应用。
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