CN1295246C - 葡萄糖醛酸苷齐墩果烷型双糖链三萜皂甙的化学合成 - Google Patents

葡萄糖醛酸苷齐墩果烷型双糖链三萜皂甙的化学合成 Download PDF

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CN1295246C
CN1295246C CNB2003101085210A CN200310108521A CN1295246C CN 1295246 C CN1295246 C CN 1295246C CN B2003101085210 A CNB2003101085210 A CN B2003101085210A CN 200310108521 A CN200310108521 A CN 200310108521A CN 1295246 C CN1295246 C CN 1295246C
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俞飚
彭文杰
林峰
韩秀文
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Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of CAS
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Abstract

本发明要解决的问题是提供一种葡萄糖醛酸苷齐墩果烷型双糖链三萜皂甙的新的合成方法。本专利提供了一种葡萄糖醛酸苷齐墩果烷型双糖链三萜皂甙(GOTCAB皂甙)的新的实用的合成方法,该方法包括如下步骤:(1)先连接28位糖链;(2)再连接3位糖基;(3)经保护基操作后连接3位其余糖基;(4)经保护基操作空出6’位(3位第一个糖基的6位)羟基;(5)选择性氧化6’位伯羟基成羧酸;(6)最后碱性条件下脱除所有保护基。此前尚无对GOTCAB皂甙的合成报道。本发明提供了一种全新的实用的方法。

Description

葡萄糖醛酸苷齐墩果烷型双糖链三萜皂甙的化学合成
技术领域
本发明涉及齐墩果烷型五环三萜皂甙的合成方法,尤其涉及葡萄糖醛酸苷齐墩果烷型双糖链三萜皂甙合成方法。
背景技术
葡萄糖醛酸苷齐墩果烷型双糖链三萜皂甙(glucuronide oleanane-typetriterpene carboxylic acid 3,28-O-bisdesmoside,简称GOTCAB)是一类结构如下图所示的皂甙。其特点是:(1)甙元为齐墩果烷型五环三萜;(2)三萜的3-OH和28-COOH皆为糖基取代;(3)3位糖链以β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷与甙元相连。在1962年-1997年期间,已在20科植物中分离鉴定了192个GOTCAB皂甙[Tan,N;Zhou,J.;Zhao,S.Phytochemistry 1999,52,153-192.]。其后,新的结构以更快的速度被发现。一些GOTCAB皂甙已被发现具有各种生物和生理活性。而对其化学合成尚未见报道。事实上迄今对其它三萜皂甙的合成报道也非常有限。下面以人参皂甙Ro(1)和从Aralia dasyphylla中分离的皂甙2为例报道对这一类皂甙的一种实用的合成方法。
Figure C20031010852100041
GOTCAB结构通式(甙元为齐墩果烷型三萜)R1,R2,R3=H或糖基;R4=糖基
Figure C20031010852100042
人参皂甙Ro(1,英文名Ginsenoside Ro或Chikusetsusaponin V;化学命名:28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanate 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside)几乎存在于所有的人参植物(Panax species),唯一的例外是未在三七(Panaxnotoginseng)中发现[Tanaka,O.;Kasai,R.Saponins of Ginseng and Related Plants.InProg.Chem.Org.Nat.Prod.;Herz,W.;Grisebach,H.;Kirby,G.W.;Tamm,Ch.,Eds.;Springer-Verlag:Wien,New York,1984;Vol.46,pp 1-76.]。其它多种植物中也存在人参皂甙Ro(1),如:(a)Fagus sylvatica[Romussi,G.;Bignardi,G.;Falsone.G.;Wendisch,D.Arch.Pharm.1987,320,153-8].(b)Hericium erinaceus[Qian,F.;Du,S.;Xu,G.;Li,M.;Zeng,C.;Shu,Y.Zhongcaoyao,1988,19,290-3].(c)Polyscias scutellaria[Paphassarang,S.;Raynaud,J.;Lussignol,M.;Cabalion,P.J.Nat.Prod.1990,53,163-6].(d)Hemsleya graciliflora[Kasai,R.;Tanaka,T.;Nie,R.L.;Miyakoshi,M.;Zhou,J.;Tanaka,O.Chem.Pharm.Bull.1990,38,1320-2].(e)H.dolichocarpa[Shi,Y.;Yang,P.;Nie,R.Yunnan Zhiwu Yanjiu 1990,12,460-2].(f)Wedelia calendulaceae[Govindachari,T.R.;Premila,M.S.Indian J.Chem.,Sect.B 1991,30B,466-8].(g)Achyranthes fauriei[Ida,Y.;Katsumata,M.;Satoh,Y.;Shoji,J.Planta Med.1994,60,286-7].(h)A.bidentata[Marouf,A.;Desbene,S.;Khanh,T.C.;Wagner,H.;Correia,M.;Chauffert,B.;Lacaille-Dubois,M.A.Pharmaceutical Biology 2001,39,263-267].(i)Aralia armata[Fang,Z.;Lei,J.;Zeng,X.Zhiwu Xuebao 1995,37,74-80].(j)A.cordata[Kawai,H.;Nishida,M.;Tashiro,Y.;Kuroganagi,M.;Ueno,A.;Satake,M.Chem.Pharm.Bull.1989,37,2318-21].(k)Kochia indica[Mohamed,K.M.;Hasanean,H.H.;Ohtani,K.;Yamasaki,K.Bull.Pharm.Sci.,Assiut Univ.1998,21,27-36].人参皂甙Ro(1),作为GOTCAB的一个结构代表,不具有其它皂甙通常具有的溶血性[Nakamura,T.;Inoue,K.;Nojima,S.;Sankawa,U.;Shoji,J.;Kawasaki,T.;Shibata,S.J.Pharmacobio-Dyn.1979,2,374-382.],也没有细胞毒性[Atopkina,L.N.;Malinovskaya,G.V.;Elyakov,G.B.;Uvarova,N.I.;Woerdenbag,H.J.;Koulman,A.;Pras,N.;Potier,P.Planta Med.1999,65,30-34.]。却能显著增加其它疏水化合物在水中的溶解性[(a)Zhou,X.-H.;Kasai,R.;Yoshikawa,M.;Kitagawa,I.;Tanaka,O.Chem.Pharm.Bull.1991,39,1250-2.(b)Patent JP 59162931/1984;Chem.Abstr.102,67394.]。人参皂甙Ro(1)还在细胞和小鼠模型上显示了显著的抗凝血活性[(a)Matsuda,H.;Namba,K.;Fukuda,S.;Tani,T.;Kubo,M.Chem.Pharm.Bull.1986,34,2100-4.(b)Patent JP57163315/1982;Chem.Abstr.98:78132].、抗炎活性[(a)Lee,Y.-M.;Saito,H.;Takagi,K.;Shibata,S.;Shoji,J.;Kondo,N.Chem.Pharm.Bull.1977,25,1391-8.(b)Matsuda,H.;Samukawa,K.;Kubo,M.Planta Med.1990,56,19-23.]、抗肝炎病毒活性[Matsuda,H.;Samukawa,K.;Kubo,M.Planta Med.1991,57,523-6.(b)Kubo,M.;Matsuda,H.Patent JP 04005235/1992;Chem.Abstr.116:158902.]和其它活性。
GOTCAB皂甙(2)〖3-O-{β-D-半乳糖(1→2)-[β-D-葡萄糖(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸}-齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖〗是肖等于1999年从Aralia dasyphylla的根部树皮中分离得到[Xiao,K.;Yi,Y.H.;Wang,Z.Z.;Tang,H.E;Li,Y.Q.;Lin,H.W.J.Nat.Prod.1999,62,1030-1032.],这种植物在民间一直用于治疗肝炎、糖尿病,也可以用作补药,它的嫩芽还可以食用。该分子对两类植入人类癌细胞的细胞株(KB和Hela-S3)的半抑制浓度分别为1.2μg/mL和0.02μg/mL,优于对照实验中用的5-氟尿嘧啶和阿糖胞苷,它们对两类细胞株的半抑制浓度分别为0.93(KB),0.44μg/mL(Hela-S3)和0.81(KB),0.23μg/mL(Hela-S3)。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是提供一种葡萄糖醛酸苷齐墩果烷型双糖链三萜皂甙的新的合成方法。
本专利提供了一种葡萄糖醛酸苷齐墩果烷型双糖链三萜皂甙(GOTCAB皂甙)的新的实用的合成方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)以齐墩果烷型三萜为原料先连接28位糖链;(2)再连接3位糖基;(3)经保护基操作后连接3位其余糖基;(4)经保护基操作空出6’位(3位第一个糖基的6位)羟基;(5)选择性氧化6’位伯羟基成羧酸;(6)最后碱性条件下脱除所有保护基。
具体来说,推荐各步骤如下:
(1)28位羧基的糖苷化:齐墩果烷型三萜可以直接和糖基溴苷在碱性条件下在相转移催化剂的存在下反应,以非常高的产率得到酯糖苷,而勿需保护3-OH。所述的碱推荐为无机碱(例如碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钠等)或有机碱如DBU。所述的相转移催化剂推荐为四级铵盐(如Bu4NBr)。溶剂推荐为极性溶剂(如DMF、DMSO)。反应温度推荐在10-140℃。
(2)3位羟基的糖苷化:使用的糖基给体的2位羟基以苯甲酰类保护基(如苯甲酰基Bz、如邻-迭氮甲基-苯甲酰基AZMB等)保护;1位羟基以三氯乙酰亚胺酯或三氟乙酰亚胺酯活化;促进剂推荐使用催化量的路易丝酸或质子酸,如三烷基硅基三氟甲磺酸酯(如三甲基硅基三氟甲磺酸酯TMSOTf,三乙基硅基三氟甲磺酸酯TESOTf,叔丁基二甲基硅基三氟甲磺酸酯TBSOTf)和三氟甲磺酸(HOTf)等。所述的糖基给体推荐为葡萄糖基、甘露糖基、半乳糖基、阿拉伯糖基、木糖基等或它们组成的寡糖基。此处溶剂、反应温度、用量比等为常规条件。
(3)其它糖苷化反应均推荐使用糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯或三氟乙酰亚胺酯给体;促进剂推荐使用催化量的路易丝酸或质子酸。
(4)推荐使用TEMPO介导的氧化法选择性氧化6’位伯羟基成羧酸。推荐以次氯酸钙(Ca(ClO)2)或次氯酸钠(NaClO)为共氧化剂。其它条件为常规条件。
(5)碱性条件下(如NaOMe,NaOH,LiOH等)脱除保护基得到目标化合物,其结构通式例如:
R1,R2,R3=H或糖基;R4=糖基
所述的糖基推荐为为葡萄糖基、甘露糖基、半乳糖基、阿拉伯糖基、木糖基等或它们组成的寡糖基。
所述的糖苷化的原料(即连接糖基的原料-糖苷化给体)推荐为异头位羟基被活化,其余羟基被(如Bz、Ac,Bn等)保护基保护的糖基。
所述的齐墩果烷型三萜推荐为齐墩果酸,其结构式例如
取代的苯甲酰基指其苯基上被其它任何基团取代的苯甲酰基,如RO-,ROOC-(R=烷基,推荐为C1~C4的烷基),Cl,Br等。
上述三烷基硅基三氟甲磺酸酯的烷基推荐为C1~C4的烷基。
前述保护基操作为常规条件。
我们曾用如下顺序进行齐墩果烷型三萜3,38-双糖链皂甙的合成:用保护基先保护齐墩果烷型三萜的28为羧基;接上3位糖基或部分糖基;脱除28位保护基;连接28位糖基;脱保护得到目标分子。[(a)Yu,B.;Xie,J.;Deng,S.;Hui,Y.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1999,121,12196-12197.(b)Sun,J.;Han,X.;Yu,B.Carbohydr.Res.2003,338,827-833.]但现在的合成路线步骤短,总产率高。
具体实施方式
                            实施例1
                      人参皂甙Ro(1)的合成
合成路线如下图所示:
Figure C20031010852100081
试剂和条件:(a)K2CO3,Bu4NBr,CH2Cl2-H2O,reflux,90%.(b)TBSOTf(0.1equiv),CH2Cl2,4 MS,rt,91%.(c)Bu3P,THF-H2O,75%.(d)TBSOTf(0.4equiv),CH2Cl2,4MS,rt,79%.(e)AcCl,MeOH-CH2Cl2,0℃-rt,89%.(f)TEMPO,Ca(ClO)2,KBr,Bu4NBr,CHCl3-H2O,0℃,89%.(g)NaOMe,MeOH-CH2Cl2,72%.
具体实验和数据:
(1)2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic ester(4):将齐墩果酸(195mg,0.43mmol)和2,3,4,6-四-O-苯甲酰基-α-D-葡萄糖溴苷(377mg,1.3当量)溶于CH2Cl2(5.0mL)和水(5.0mL)组成的两相体系,并加入K2CO3(151mg,2.5当量)及Bu4NBr(56mg,0.4当量),然后加热回流直至TLC显示反应完成。反应体系用CH2Cl2稀释,然后分别用水、饱和NaCl水溶液洗,有机相合并后用无水Na2SO4干燥。旋干,用硅胶柱分离纯化(甲苯∶乙酸乙酯=25∶1),得到泡沫状固体4(398mg,产率90%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.04(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.97(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.90(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.83(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.59-7.28(m,12H),5.99(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.96(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),5.78-5.69(m,2H),5.28(s,1H),4.56(dd,J=3.0,12.3Hz,1H),4.46(dd,J=5.4,9.3Hz,1H),4.26(m,1H),3.14(m,1H),2.79(m,1H),0.97(s,3H),0.94(s,3H),0.86(s,3H),0.83(s,3H),0.76(s,3H),0.74(s,3H),0.45(s,3H)。
(2)2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-[4,6-Di-O-acetyl-2-O-(2-azidomethyl)benzoyl-3-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolic ester(6):将给体5(337mg,1.2当量)和受体4(416mg,0.40mmol)溶于无水CH2Cl2(5mL)中,并加入4分子筛,向体系中滴加催化量的TBSOTf(0.10当量)。室温下搅拌3小时后,用三乙胺淬灭反应。过滤后,旋干,快速柱层析分离纯化(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=2.5∶1),得到泡沫状固体6(556mg,91%)。[α]D:+66°(c 0.81,CHCl3);1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.05-7.78(m,10H),7.58-7.30(m,19H),5.98(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.85(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.72(t,J=9.0Hz,2H),5.64(t,J=9.8Hz,1H),5.44(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.28(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.26(s,1H),4.74(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.66(dd,J=8.7,6.3Hz,2H),4.54(m,1H),4.46(m,1H),4.36-4.12(m,3H),3.82(m,1H),3.8(m,1H),2.78(m,1H),2.10(s,3H),1.93(s,3H),0.92(s,3H),0.84(s,3H),0.81(s,3H),0.72(s,3H),0.64(s,6H,2CH3),0.40(s,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ175.7,170.6,169.4,166.0,165.6,165.1,164.7,143.0,137.9,133.4,133.2,133.0,131.0,129.8,129.0,128.7,128.4,128.3,127.8,122.7,102.9,91.9,90.6,73.2,72.9,72.1,71.6,70.4,69.3,68.8,62.7,62.3,55.3,52.7,47.4,46.8,45.7,41.5,40.9,38.9,38.7,38.3,36.5,33.7,32.9,31.8,30.5,29.6,27.8,25.7,25.4,23.4,23.3,22.6,20.7,20.5,18.0,16.4,16.3,15.1。
(3)2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-[4,6-di-O-acetyl-3-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolic ester(7):将化合物6(530mg,0.343mmol)溶于4mL THF中,加入0.4mL的水,随后加入三丁基膦(256μL,3.0当量)。室温下搅拌3小时后,反应体系用CH2Cl2稀释,分别用饱和NaHCO3和水洗,有机相合并后用无水Na2SO4干燥。旋干,用快速柱层析分离纯化(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=2.5∶1),得到泡沫状的固体7(357mg,产率75%)。[α]D=+36.9°(c 0.95,CHCl3);IR(thin film):3503,3341,3064,2949,1739,1653,1603,1585,1494,1453,1388,1368,1316,1269,1178,1107,1095,1027,990,853,802,710,687,618,599,495;1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.03(d,J=6.9Hz,4H),7.98(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.89(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.82(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.59-7.29(m,15H),5.99(t,J=9.9Hz,1H),5.94(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.74(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.72(dd,J=1.2,9.6Hz,1H),5.38(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.28(s,1H),5.22(t,J=9.9Hz,1H),4.56(d,J=3.3,12.3Hz,1H),4.52-4.45(m,2H),4.34-4.23(m,2H),4.10(dd,J=2.1,12.0Hz,1H),3.75(m,2H),3.18(m,1H),2.79(m,1H),2.08(s,3H),1.93(s,3H),0.96(s,6H,2CH3),0.85(s,3H),0.83(s,3H),0.78(s,3H),0.77(s,3H),0.44(s,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ175.7,170.6,169.5,166.3,166.0,165.6,165.1,164.7,143.0,133.4,133.3,133.0,129.9,129.8,129.7,129.3,129.7,128.4,128.3,122.6,105.0,91.9,90.4,75.1,73.1,72.9,71.6,70.4,69.3,68.5,62.7,62.4,55.4,47.4,46.8,45.7,41.5,40.9,38.9,38.3,36.6,33.7,32.9,31.8,30.5,28.2,27.7,25.7,25.6,23.4,23.3,22.6,20.7,20.5,18.0,16.6,16.4,15.1;HRMS-ESI(M+Na+)calcd for C81H92O20Na 1407.6074,found 1407.6039。
(4)2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-[2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-4,6-di-O-acetyl-3-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolic ester(9):将受体7(171mg,0.123mmol)和给体8(273mg,3.0当量)、4分子筛溶于2mL无水CH2Cl2中。氩气保护下,室温搅拌,向体系中滴加TBSOTf的CH2Cl2溶液(0.4当量)。继续搅拌3小时后,加入三乙胺淬灭反应。过滤后,旋干,硅胶柱层析,得白色固体9(190mg,产率79%)。[α]D=+43.8°(c 1.04,CHCl3);1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.25(d,J=7.7Hz,4H),7.99(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.92-7.80(m,7H),7.72(t,J=8.8Hz,4H),7.66-7.18(m,28H),6.00(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.96(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),5.78(dd,J=8.4,9.6Hz,1H),5.71(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.66(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.58(t,J=9.4Hz,1H),5.41(dd,J=9.3,9.1Hz,1H),5.39(t,J=9.1Hz,1H),5.26(s,1H),5.12(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.02(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.67(dd,J=3.6,12.1Hz,1H),4.61-4.53(m,2H),4.52-4.43(m,2H),4.30-4.19(m,2H),4.13-4.01(m,3H),3.68(m,1H),3.08(dd,J=4.5,3.1Hz,1H),2.79(m,1H),2.05(s,3H),1.76(s,3H),1.09(s,3H),0.97(s,3H),0.86(s,3H),0.84(s,3H),0.76(s,3H),0.69(s,3H),0.43(s,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ175.7,170.6,169.5,166.2,165.7,165.1,164.8,143.1,133.6,133.5,133.3,133.2,133.0,129.8,129.6,129.2,128.9,128.7,128.3,122.7,103.3,100.6,91.9,90.9,75.3,72.9,72.0,71.1,70.4,70.1,69.4,68.9,63.4,62.8,62.4,55.4,47.4,46.8,45.7,41.5,41.0,39.1,38.9,38.4,36.5,33.7,33.0,31.7,30.5,29.7,27.8,25.8,25.5,23.5,23.3,22.6,20.7,20.4,18.0,16.4,16.3,15.2;HRMS-ESI(M+Na+)calcd for C115H118O29Na 1985.7651,found1985.7643。
(5)2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-[2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-3-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolic ester(10):将化合物9(190mg,96.7μmol)溶于无水甲醇(20mL)和干燥的CH2Cl2(8mL)组成的混合溶剂中,冰浴下,滴加乙酰氯(0.6mL)。反应体系在室温下搅拌直至TLC显示反应完全,然后,加入三乙胺淬灭反应。减压浓缩后,快速柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=1∶1),得到白色泡沫10(89%)。[α]D=+51.1°(c 1.0,CHCl3);1H NMR(300M Hz,CDCl3)δ8.05-7.82(m,13H),7.76-7.71(m,4H),7.64-7.16(m,28H),6.01(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.96(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.76(dd,J=8.4,9.6Hz,1H),5.71(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.67-5.61(m,2H),5.53(t,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.27(s,1H),5.18(t,J=9.2Hz,1H),5.13(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.68(dd,J=3.7,11.8Hz,1H),4.61-4.45(m,4H),4.27(m,1H),4.11(m,1H),4.04(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),3.88(m,1H),3.75-3.65(m,2H),3.38(m,1H),3.10(m,1H),2.80(m,1H),1.11(s,3H),0.97(s,3H),0.87(s,3H),0.84(s,3H),0.78(s,3H),0.70(s,3H),0.43(s,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ175.7,167.0,166.15,166.07,165.6,165.2,165.1,164.7,143.0,133.9,133.4,133.2,133.0,129.8,129.6,129.0,128.7,128.3,128.2,122.7,103.3,100.8,91.9,90.7,79.4,75.1,72.9,72.0,70.3,70.1,69.4,63.4,62.7,62.4,55.4,47.4,46.8,45.7,41.5,40.9,39.1,38.9,38.4,36.5,33.7,32.9,31.7,30.5,29.6,27.8,26.1,25.4,23.4,23.3,22.6,18.0,16.4,16.3,15.1;HRMS-ESI(M+Na+)calcd forC111H114O27Na 1901.7440,found 1901.7436。
(6)2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-[2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-3-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]oleanolic ester(11):将化合物10(142mg,75.5μmol)溶于CHCl3(0.7mL)和NaHCO3的饱和溶液(0.7mL)组成的混合溶液中,然后加入Ca(ClO)2(22mg,2.0当量)、KBr(1.8mg,0.2当量)和相转移催化剂Bu4NBr(1.7mg,0.07当量)。冰浴搅拌下,把TEMPO(0.24mg,0.02当量)加入到反应体系中。冰浴下搅拌4小时,然后用水稀释,并加入Na2SO3淬灭反应。用醋酸调节溶液pH=3~4,搅拌15分钟后,用乙酸乙酯萃取两次。有机相用饱和食盐水洗,并用无水Na2SO4干燥。旋干,快速柱层析分离纯化(二氯甲烷-甲醇=30∶1),得白色固体11(127mg,89%)。[α]D=+44.4°(c 0.73,CHCl3);1H NMR(300M Hz,CDCl3)δ8.02-7.80(m,13H),7.78-7.71(m,4H),7.64-7.19(m,28H),6.00(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.96(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),5.78-5.68(m,3H),5.64(t,J=9.5Hz,1H),5.44(t,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.27(s,1H),5.25-5.11(m,2H),4.75-4.62(m,2H),4.60-4.44(m,3H),4.28(m,1H),4.18-3.95(m,4H),3.58-2.92(br s,1H),3.12(m,1H),2.79(m,1H),1.26(s,3H),1.00(s,3H),0.86(s,3H),0.84(s,3H),0.71(s,3H),0.68(s,3H),0.42(s,3H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ175.6,166.1,165.6,165.2,165.1,164.7,142.9,133.4,133.0,129.8,129.6,128.6,128.3,128.2,122.7,102.9,100.5,91.9,91.0,72.9,72.0,70.3,69.9,69.3,63.4,62.7,55.3,47.3,46.8,45.7,41.5,40.9,38.9,38.8,38.3,36.4,33.7,32.9,31.7,30.5,29.6,27.8,25.4,23.4,22.6,18.0,16.4,16.2,15.1;HRESI-MS(M+Na+)calcd for C111H112O28Na 1915.7232,found 1915.7197。
(7)β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyloleanolic ester(1):将化合物11(50mg,26.4μmol)溶于2∶1的甲醇-二氯甲烷(9mL)中,然后向体系中滴加0.4mL的NaOMe的甲醇溶液(0.5%)。室温下搅拌24小时,然后加入酸性树脂Dowex 50-X8(H+)淬灭反应,搅拌30分钟。过滤,用甲醇洗。旋干合并后的有机相,并快速柱层析(二氯甲烷∶甲醇∶水=2.5∶1∶0.1),得固体1(18mg,72%)。[α]D=+3°(c0.35,MeOH);13C NMR(100MHz,C5D5N)δ177.9,144.9,126.0,105.6,105.4,96.3,90.7,81.8,78.9,78.5,78.3,78.1,77.0,74.4,73.9,72.3,71.6,63.4,62.7,56.6,48.7,47.9,47.0,42.8,42.4,40.6,40.3,39.5,37.6,34.7,33.9,33.2,31.5,30.6,28.9,28.8,26.8,24.4,19.2,18.2,17.4,16.2;HRESI-MS(M+Na+)calcd for C48H76O19Na 979.4873,found 979.4907。
                            实施例2
                        GOTCAB皂甙2的合成
合成路线如下图所示:
Figure C20031010852100131
试剂和条件:(a)TBSOTf(0.1equiv),CH2Cl2,4MS,rt,89%.(b)Bu3P,THF-H2O,90%.(c)TBSOTf(0.4equiv),CH2Cl2,4MS,rt,90%.(d)AcCl,MeOH-CH2Cl2,0℃-rt,88%.(f)TEMPO,Ca(ClO)2,KBr,Bu4NBr,CHCl3-H2O,0℃,85%.(g)NaOMe,MeOH-CH2Cl2,78%.
具体实验和数据:
(1)2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-[2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-(2-azidomethyl)benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolic ester(13):将给体12(1.0g,1.1当量)和受体4(806mg,0.779mmol)溶于无水CH2Cl2中,并加入4分子筛。氩气保护下,向体系中滴加TBSOTf(0.1当量)。室温下搅拌3小时后,用三乙胺淬灭反应。过滤后,旋干,快速柱层析分纯,得到泡沫状固体13(1.398g,89%)。[α]D=+40.8°(c 0.93,CHCl3);Rf=0.39(1.5∶1 petroleum ether-EtOAc).IR(thin film):2952,2104,1737,1603,1585,1492,1452,1369,1316,1265,1178,1106,1093,1069,1027,977,709,687cm-11HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.03(t,J=6.9Hz,3H),7.94(m,9H),7.67(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.58-7.09(m,30H),5.97(t,J=9.8Hz,1H) 5.94(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),5.79-5.68(m,2H),5.62(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.42(t,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.25(s,1H),5.23(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),5.09(t,J=9.5Hz,1H),5.00(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.65(d d,J=3.0,12.1Hz,1H),4.60-4.40(m,5H),4.29-4.20(m,1H),4.19-4.09(m,4H),4.02(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),3.51(m,1H),2.89(d d,J=4.1,11.0Hz,1H),2.78(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),2.07(s,CH3CO),1.99(s,CH3CO),0.90,0.84,0.81,0.68,0.48,0.43,0.38(7s,7*CH3);13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ175.6,170.7,169.2,166.0,165.6,165.1,164.7,163.7,142.9,139.2,133.5,133.2,133.0,132.8,130.4,129.8,129.6,129.5,129.1,128.7,128.4,128.3,128.0,127.6,127.0,122.7,103.0,101.3,91.9,90.3,79.2,73.3,72.9,72.0,71.6,70.3,69.6,69.3,68.8,63.1,62.7,62.5,55.3,52.8,47.4,46.8,45.7,41.5,40.9,38.8,38.5,38.3,36.5,33.7,32.9,31.8,30.5,29.7,27.6,25.6,25.4,23.4,22.6,20.8,20.6,17.9,16.4,16.1,15.1;ESI-MS:m/z 2040.8(M+Na+);Calcd for C116H119N3O29·H2O:C,68.40;H,5.94;N,2.06.Found:C,68.07;H,5.69;N,1.60.
(2)2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-[2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-4,6-di-O-acetyl-β-D-glucpyranosyl]oleanolic ester(14):将化合物13(1.20g,0.596mmol)溶于6mL THF中,加入0.27mL的水,随后加入三丁基膦(446μL,3.0当量)。室温下搅拌1小时后,反应体系用CH2Cl2稀释,分别用饱和NaHCO3和水洗,有机相合并后用无水Na2SO4干燥。旋干,用快速柱层析分离纯化(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=2∶1),得到泡沫状的固体14(995mg,产率90%)。[α]D=+43.6°(c 1.0,CHCl3);Rf=0.71(1∶1 petroleum ether-EtOAc).IR(thin film):3066,2952,1737,1603,1585,1492,1453,1369,1317,1266,1178,1094,1069,1027,853,802,709,683,503cm-11H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.07-7.78(m,15H),7.59-7.18(m,25H),5.95(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.92(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),5.86(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.76-5.68(m,2H),5.66(t,J=9.7Hz,1H),5.45(dd,J=8.0,9.0Hz,1H),5.25(s,1H),5.20(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.83(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),4.60(dd,J=2.8,12.2Hz,1H),4.52(dd,J=2.9,12.4Hz,1H),4.43(dd,J=4.8,12.2Hz,2H),4.28-4.16(m,2H),4.15-3.97(m,3H),3.76(t,J=9.2Hz,1H),3.49(m,1H),3.31(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),3.00(dd,J=4.4,11.5Hz,1H),2.76(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),2.00(s,CH3CO),1.87(s,CH3CO),0.93,0.86,0.82,0.79,0.70,0.66,0.42(7s,7*CH3);13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ175.7,170.6,169.4,166.0,165.8,165.6,165.1,164.9,164.7,143.0,133.2,133.0,129.9,129.7,128.7,128.4,128.3,122.7,104.5,101.5,91.9,89.9,81.0,74.8,72.9,72.2,72.0,71.6,70.4,69.6,69.3,68.4,62.9,62.7,62.6,55.3,47.4,46.8,45.7,41.5,40.9,38.9,38.8,38.3,36.6,33.7,32.9,31.8,30.5,28.2,27.7,25.6,25.5,23.4,22.6,20.7,20.5,18.1,16.6,16.5,15.1;HRESI-MS(M+Na)+caclcd for C108H114O28Na 1881.7389,obsd 1881.7356.
(3)2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-{2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-4,6-di-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl}oleanolic ester(16):将受体14(381mg,0.205mmol)和给体15(472mg,3.0当量)、4分子筛溶于15mL无水CH2Cl2中。氩气保护下,室温搅拌1小时后,向体系中滴加TBSOTf的CH2Cl2溶液(0.4当量)。继续搅拌3小时后,加入三乙胺淬灭反应。过滤后,旋干,硅胶柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=5∶1~2∶1),得白色固体16(447mg,90%)。[α]D=+85.1°(c 1.13,CHCl3);Rf=0.33(3∶2 petroleum ether-EtOAc).1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.24(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),8.16(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),8.07(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),8.05-7.78(m,18H),7.72-7.18(m,36H),6.98(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.94(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),5.87(t,J=9.9Hz,1H),5.78-5.68(m,2H),5.65-5.06(m,2H),5.48-5.39(m,3H),3.27(s,1H),4.85(t,J=9.5Hz,1H),4.72(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),4.54(d d,J=2.6,12.2Hz,1H),4.48(d d,J=4.8,12.2Hz,1H),4.38(d d,J=6.3,11.3Hz,1H),4.29-4.19(m,4H),4.18-3.98(m,5H),3.79(m,2H),3.35(m,1H),2.98(d d,J=4.4,11.5Hz,1H),2.78(d,J=11.6Hz,1H),2.42(m,1H),2.32(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),2.04(s,CH3CO),1.90(s,CH3CO),1.22,0.99,0.86,0.84,0.79,0.74,0.42(7s,7*CH3);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ175.6,170.6,169.3,166.0,165.6,165.5,165.0,164.7,142.9,134.7,134.7,133.5,133.3,133.0,130.2,129.8,128.6,128.3,122.8,103.5,100.1,91.9,90.7,80.0,72.9,72.4,71.3,70.9,70.6,70.4,69.6,69.3,68.6,67.8,62.7,60.6,55.6,47.5,46.8,45.8,41.6,41.0,39.2,39.0,38.6,36.6,33.7,33.0,31.8,30.6,29.7,27.9,25.8,25.5,23.4,22.7,20.8,18.1,16.5,15.2;HRESI-MS(M+Na+)caclcd for C142H140O37Na2459.8966,obsd 2459.8973.
(4)2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-{2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}oleanolic ester(17):将化合物15(390mg,0.16mmol)溶于无水甲醇(15mL)和干燥的CH2Cl2(8mL)组成的混合溶剂中,冰浴下,滴加乙酰氯(0.4mL)。反应体系在室温下搅拌直至TLC显示反应完全,然后,加入三乙胺淬灭反应。减压浓缩后,快速柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=3∶2),得到白色泡沫状固体(336mg,88%)。[α]D=81.4°(c 0.67,CHCl3);Rf=0.45(1∶1 petroleumether-EtOAc);1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.29-7.74(m,24H),7.72-7.18(m,36H),5.99(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.93(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),5.89(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),5.79-5.66(m,2H),5.64-5.55(m,2H),5.53-5.36(m,3H),5.28(s,1H),4.79(dd,J=9.3,11.4Hz,1H),4.69(dd,J=7.5,11.4Hz,1H),4.59-4.12(m,7H),4.04(m,1H),3.92-3.67(m,3H),3.59(t,J=8.3Hz,1H),3.50(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),3.44(s,1H),3.22(m,1H),3.02(m,1H),2.79(m,1H),2.62(m,1H),2.46(m,1H),2.33(m,1H),1.24,0.99,0.87,0.86,0.83,0.70,0.44(7s,7X CH3);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ175.6,166.0,165.9,165.7,165.6,165.3,165.2,165.0,164.9,164.8,164.6,142.8,133.8,133.6,133.4,133.2,133.0,130.2,129.9,129.7,129.5,129.2,128.6,128.5,128.3,122.7103.5,100.4,99.8,91.8,90.1,85.8,74.7,72.9,72.1,71.9,71.7,71.0,70.8,70.4,69.5,69.3,69.0,67.6,63.1,62.7,61.8,60.4,55.5,47.4,46.8,45.7,41.5,40.9,39.2,38.9,38.5,36.5,33.7,32.9,31.8,30.5,27.8,26.2,25.4,25.4,23.4,22.7,18.1,16.4,15.1;ESI-MS:m/z 2375.5(M+Na+);Calcd for C138H136O35:C,70.40;H,5.82.Found:C,69.72;H,6.01.
(5)2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-{methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl}oleanolic ester(18):将化合物17(107mg,44.7μmol)溶于CHCl3(0.7mL)和NaHCO3的饱和溶液(0.7mL)组成的混合溶液中,然后加入Ca(ClO)2(12mg,2.0当量)、KBr(1.1mg,0.2当量)和相转移催化剂Bu4NBr(1.0mg,0.07当量)。冰浴搅拌下,把TEMPO(0.139mg,0.02当量)加入到反应体系中。冰浴下搅拌3小时,然后用水稀释,并加入Na2SO3淬灭反应。用醋酸调节溶液pH=3~4,搅拌15分钟后,用乙酸乙酯萃取两次。有机相用饱和食盐水洗,并用无水Na2SO4干燥。旋干,快速柱层析分离纯化(二氯甲烷-甲醇=30∶1),得白色固体17(85%)。[α]D=+72.8°(c 0.91,CHCl3);1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ5.97(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.94(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.90(t,J=9.8Hz,1H),5.78-5.69(m,2H),5.58(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.52-5.43(m,2H),5.38(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),5.27(s,1H),4.68(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.60(d,J=8.0Hz.1H),4.56(d d,J=2.8,12.4Hz,1H),4.45(d d,J=4.8,12.2Hz,1H),4.42-4.30(m,2H),4.28-4.16(m,2H),4.03(d d,J=7.7,11.0Hz,1H),3.88-3.75(m,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.70(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),3.58(t,J=8.6Hz,1H),3.53(s,1H),3.02(d d,J=4.2,15.7Hz,1H),2.78(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),2.62(m,1H),2.33(t,J=6.9Hz,1H),1.16,1.02,0.98,0.95,0.86,0.82,0.42(7s,7*CH3);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ175.7,168.5,166.1,165.6,165.4,164.9,164.8,142.9,133.5,133.3,133.0,129.8,129.5,129.3,128.6,128.4,122.8,103.8,100.4,100.0,91.9,90.3,85.3,74.8,72.9,72.2,71.9,71.0,70.4,69.9,69.3,69.1,67.6,62.7,62.1,60.6,55.5,52.5,47.5,46.8,45.8,41.5,41.0,39.3,38.9,36.5,33.7,33.0,31.8,30.6,29.7,27.8,25.5,23.4,22.7,18.1,16.4,15.2;ESI-MS:m/z2403.3(M+Na+);Calcd for C139H136O36:C,70.07;H,5.75.Found:C,69.79;H,6.09.
(14)3-O-{β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl}-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2):将化合物18(50mg)溶于2∶1的甲醇-二氯甲烷(9mL)中,然后向体系中滴加0.4mL的NaOMe的甲醇溶液(0.5%)。室温下搅拌24小时,然后加入酸性树脂Dowex 50-X8(H+)淬灭反应,搅拌30分钟。过滤,用甲醇洗。旋干合并后的有机相,并快速柱层析,得固体2(78%)。[α]D=17°(c 0.39,MeOH);13C NMR(100MHz,C5D5N-D2O)δ178.8,145.3,124.4,105.7,104.6,104.4,96.5,92.3,86.8,79.6,79.5,78.7,78.6,78.4,77.8,75.8,75.5,74.5,74.0,72.9,72.0,71.7,70.9,64.7,63.3,62.9,57.0,49.0,48.4,47.44,43.2,42.8,40.9,40.7,39.5,37.9,35.0,34.3,34.1,33.5,31.8,30.8,29.3,29.0,27.2,24.8,24.7,24.4,19.5,18.5,17.7,16.5;HRESI-MS(M+Na+)calcd forC54H86O24Na 1141.5401,found 1141.5392.

Claims (7)

1.一种葡萄糖醛酸苷齐墩果烷型双糖链三萜皂甙的合成方法,其特征是该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)以齐墩果烷型三萜为原料先连接28位糖链:在碱性条件下,齐墩果烷型三萜直接和溴糖苷反应,得到酯糖苷;(2)再连接3位糖基:使用的糖基给体的2位羟基以苯甲酰基或取代的苯甲酰基保护,异头位羟基以三氯乙酰亚胺酯或三氟乙酰亚胺酯活化,促进剂使用催化量的路易丝酸或质子酸;(3)经保护基操作后连接3位其余糖基;(4)经保护基操作空出6’位羟基;(5)选择性氧化6’位伯羟基成羧酸;(6)最后碱性条件下脱除所有保护基得到目标产物,其结构通式如下:
Figure C2003101085210002C1
          R1,R2,R3=H或糖基;R4=糖基
2.如权利要求1所述的的合成方法,其特征是所述的糖基为葡萄糖基、甘露糖基、半乳糖基、阿拉伯糖基、木糖基或它们组成的寡糖基。
3.如权利要求1所述的的合成方法,其特征是所述的齐墩果烷型三萜为齐墩果酸。
4.如权利要求1所述的的合成方法,其特征是所述的糖基给体是异头位羟基以三氯乙酰亚胺酯或三氟乙酰亚胺酯活化,其余羟基被保护基保护的糖基。
5.如权利要求4所述的的合成方法,其特征是所述的保护基是Bz、Ac,Bn。
6.如权利要求1所述的的合成方法,其特征是所述的齐墩果烷型三萜的3位羟基的糖基给体的2位羟基以苯甲酰基或取代的苯甲酰基保护;所述的路易丝酸或质子酸是三烷基硅基三氟甲磺酸酯和三氟甲磺酸,所述的糖基给体的异头位羟基以三氯乙酰亚胺酯或三氟乙酰亚胺酯活化;氧化6’位伯羟基成羧酸使用TEMPO介导的氧化法选择性氧化。
7.如权利要求6所述的的合成方法,其特征是所述的取代的苯甲酰基上的取代基是RO-,ROOC-,Cl,Br,其中R=烷基;三烷基硅基三氟甲磺酸酯的烷基为C1~C4的烷基。
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