CN1294576A - Vla-4拮抗剂 - Google Patents
Vla-4拮抗剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1294576A CN1294576A CN99803780A CN99803780A CN1294576A CN 1294576 A CN1294576 A CN 1294576A CN 99803780 A CN99803780 A CN 99803780A CN 99803780 A CN99803780 A CN 99803780A CN 1294576 A CN1294576 A CN 1294576A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- replaces
- aryl
- group
- amino
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Abstract
式(Ⅰ)化合物及其可药用盐是VLA-4拮抗剂。它们可用于抑制细胞粘着,并可用于治疗或预防炎症和自身免疫疾病,特别是炎性气道疾病。它们特别适用于减少术后炎症,特别是由移植手术引起的炎症。
Description
本发明涉及用作VLA-4拮抗剂的有机化合物,所述化合物的制备方法及其作为药物的用途。
细胞粘着(即,细胞彼此结合、向特异性靶点迁移或在细胞外基质内集中的过程)是许多生物学现象的基础。细胞粘着可以引起造血细胞向内皮细胞的粘着以及随后的这些造血细胞离开血管向损伤位点迁移,因此在哺乳动物疾病例如炎症和免疫反应中起重要作用。
有多种细胞表面大分子(称为细胞粘着受体)调节细胞-细胞和细胞-基质相互作用。例如,整联蛋白是造血细胞和其它细胞之间粘着作用的关键介质。整联蛋白是由α和β两个亚单位组成的非共价的杂二聚体配合物。根据其α和β亚单位成分的类型,将各整联蛋白分子分成不同的亚族。至少有12种不同的α亚单位(α1-α6,α-L、α-M、α-X、α-IIB、α-V和α-E)和至少9种不同的β亚单位(β1-β9)。
极迟抗原-4(VLA-4),也称为α4β1整联蛋白或CD49d/CD29,是一种参与多种细胞-细胞和细胞-基质粘着的白细胞细胞表面受体。它是细胞因子可诱导的内皮细胞表面蛋白,血管细胞粘着分子-1(VCAM-1)和细胞外基质蛋白纤连蛋白(FN)的受体。抗VLA-4单克隆抗体(mAb’s)可以在体外和体内抑制VLA-4依赖性的粘着作用。该VLA-4依赖性细胞粘着的抑制可以预防或抑制炎症或自身免疫疾病。
WO 96/22966记载了下式的化合物:该化合物可用于抑制、预防和减轻VLA-4介导的细胞粘着。
现已发现,某些新的化合物具有非常好的VLA-4拮抗剂活性和有用的药理学特性。
因此,一方面,本发明提供式Ⅰ的化合物或其可药用盐其中R1是烷基、链烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基稠合的环烷基、环烯基、芳基、芳基取代的烷基(芳烷基)、芳基取代的链烯基或炔基、环烷基取代的烷基、环烯基取代的环烷基、联芳基、烷氧基、链烯氧基、炔氧基、芳基取代的烷氧基(芳烷氧基)、芳基取代的链烯氧基或炔氧基、烷基氨基、链烯基氨基或炔基氨基、芳基取代的烷基氨基、芳基取代的链烯基氨基或炔基氨基、芳氧基、芳基氨基、N-烷基脲基取代的烷基、N-芳基脲基取代的烷基、烷基羰基氨基取代的烷基、氨基羰基取代的烷基、杂环基、杂环基取代的烷基、杂环基取代的氨基、羧基烷基取代的芳烷基、氧代碳环基稠合的芳基或杂环基烷基;R2是(CH2)q-V-(CH2)q’-Vr-R8;R3是H、烷基、链烯基、芳基或杂芳基;R4是H、芳基、烷基、环烷基、链烯基、环烯基、炔基和芳基取代的烷基、杂环基、杂环基羰基、氨基羰基、酰氨基、单或二烷基氨基羰基、单或二芳基氨基羰基、烷基芳基氨基羰基、二芳基氨基羰基、单或二酰基氨基羰基、芳族或脂族酰基、或被选自氨基、卤素、羟基、巯基、单或二烷基氨基、单或二芳基氨基、烷基芳基氨基、单或二酰基氨基、烷氧基、链烯氧基、芳氧基、硫代烷氧基、硫代链烯氧基、硫代炔氧基、硫代芳氧基和杂环基的取代基任选地取代的烷基;R5是烷基、链烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烯基、芳基、芳基取代的烷基、芳基取代的链烯基,或炔基;被选自氨基、卤素、羟基、巯基、单或二烷基氨基、单或二芳基氨基、烷基芳基氨基、单或二酰基氨基、烷氧基、链烯氧基、芳氧基、硫代烷氧基、硫代链烯氧基、硫代炔氧基、硫代芳氧基和杂环基的取代基任选地取代的烷基;R6是烷基、链烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烯基、芳烷基、芳基取代的链烯基或炔基、羟基取代的烷基、烷氧基取代的烷基、芳烷氧基取代的烷基、氨基取代的烷基、(芳基取代的烷氧羰基氨基)取代的烷基、巯基取代的烷基、烷基磺酰基取代的烷基、(羟基取代的烷硫基)取代的烷基、硫代烷氧基取代的烷基、酰基氨基取代的烷基、烷基磺酰基氨基取代的烷基、芳基磺酰基氨基取代的烷基、吗啉代-烷基、硫代吗啉代-烷基、吗啉代羰基取代的烷基、硫代吗啉代羰基取代的烷基、[N-(烷基、链烯基或炔基)-或(N,N-二烷基、二链烯基或二炔基)-氨基]羰基取代的烷基、羧基取代的烷基、二烷基氨基取代的酰基氨基烷基;或选自精氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、S-甲基半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸及其相应的亚砜和砜衍生物、甘氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、别-异亮氨酸、叔亮氨酸、正亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、鸟氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酰胺、缬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、天冬氨酸、β-氰基丙氨酸和别苏氨酸的氨基酸侧链;R7和R8彼此独立地是H、烷基、链烯基、碳环芳基、杂芳基或被1-3个选自氨基、羟基、巯基、单或二烷基氨基、单或二芳基氨基、烷基芳基氨基、二芳基氨基、单或二酰基氨基、烷氧基、链烯氧基、芳氧基、硫代烷氧基、硫代链烯氧基、硫代炔氧基、硫代芳氧基和杂环基的取代基取代的烷基、链烯基、碳环芳基或杂芳基;或者R2和R6与它们所连接的原子合在一起可以形成杂环;V是O、NH、S,SO或SO2;X是CO2R5、PO3H、SO2R5、SO3H、OPO3H、CO2H或CON(R4)2;W是CH或N;Y是CO、SO2或PO2;Z是(CH2)n’、CHR6或NR7;n和n’彼此独立地是0-4;m是1-4;p是1-4;q和q’彼此独立地是1-5;r是0或1。
本发明的化合物,即式Ⅰ化合物及其可药用盐,是VLA-4拮抗剂,可用于预防、减轻或抑制细胞粘着。因此,它们可用于VLA-4介导的细胞粘着疾病状态,特别是炎症和自身免疫疾病。它们特别适用于手术、特别是移植手术引起的炎症。本发明的化合物可单独使用或与具有预防、减轻或抑制细胞粘着活性的其它物质联用。
本发明的另一个实施方案是药物组合物,特别是用于VLA-4拮抗的组合物,所述组合物含有有效量的本发明化合物以及任选地可药用载体。
另一方面,本发明还提供用作药物、特别是VLA-4拮抗剂的本发明化合物,即式Ⅰ化合物及其可药用盐。
另一方面,本发明还提供在哺乳动物中拮抗VLA-4的方法,该方法包括,向需要所述治疗的哺乳动物、优选人施用有效量的本发明化合物。
另一方面,本发明提供本发明的化合物在制备用于治疗由VLA-4介导的疾病的药物中的用途。
更优选的本发明化合物是其中R1是芳基;R2是甲氧基-正丙基;R3是H;R4是链烯基或芳基;X是CO2H;n是0并且W是CH的式Ⅰa化合物或其可药用盐。
R2是C1-C4烷氧基-C2-C4烷基;
R3是H;
R4是H、C1-C4-烷基、C2-C4-链烯基或碳环芳基;
n是1或2;
m是1、2或3;
X是COOH或CO2R5;
R5是任选地取代的低级烷基。
优选如下式Ⅰb的化合物或其可药用盐,其中:
R1是N-(任选地取代的苯基)-脲基苯基;
R2是甲氧基丙基;
R3是H;
R4是C2-C4-链烯基或任选地取代的苯基;
n是1;
m是1;
X是COOH。
最优选的本发明化合物是式Ⅰc化合物或其可药用盐:其中Ra是H、CH3、Cl或NH2;R2是(CH2)3OCH3或(CH2)4OCH3;R4是-(CH)=(CH)-CH3、苯基、4-甲氧基苯基或3,4-二甲氧基苯基;T是NH或CH2。
“烷基”是指含有1-10个、优选1-6个、更优选1-4个碳原子的直链或支链的烷基基团。所述基团的例子包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、己基和癸基。
“链烯基”是指含有2-10个、优选2-6个、更优选2-4个碳原子的直链或支链链烯基基团。所述基团的例子包括乙烯基、E-和Z-丙烯基、异丙烯基、E-和Z-丁烯基、E-和Z-异丁烯基、E-和Z-戊烯基和癸烯基。
与上述术语连接的“低级”是指所述基团含有最多6个碳原子。
与上述术语连接的“取代的”是指所述基团被例如氨基、卤素、羟基、巯基、单或二烷基氨基、单或二芳烷基氨基、单或二芳基氨基、烷氧基、芳氧基、芳基、硫代芳氧基、硫代烷氧基或杂环基取代。
“烷基”是指含有2-10个、优选2-6个、更优选2-4个碳原子的直链或支链炔基基团。所述基团的例子包括乙炔基、丙炔基、炔丙基、丁炔基、己炔基和癸炔基。
“环烷基”是指含有3-8个、优选3-6个碳原子的环状烷基基团。所述环烷基的例子包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基和环丙基甲基。
“环烯基”是指含有4-8个、优选5-6个碳原子和一个或多个双键的环状碳环。所述环烯基的例子包括环戊烯基、环己烯基、环戊二烯基和2-甲基-2-丁烯基。
芳基是指碳环或杂环芳基(杂芳基)。
“芳基(碳环芳基和杂芳基)”是指含有0-3个选自O、N和S的杂原子的5或6元碳环芳族或杂芳族环;含有0-3个选自O、N和S的杂原子的二环9或10元芳族或杂芳族环系;或含有0-3个选自O、N和S的杂原子的三环13或14元芳族或杂芳族环系;以上各环均可以被1-3个选自例如低级烷基、链烯基、炔基、取代的低级烷基、取代的链烯基、取代的炔基、=O、NO2、卤素、羟基、烷氧基、氰基、-NR’R’、酰基氨基、苯基、苄基、苯氧基、苄氧基、杂芳基和杂芳氧基的取代基任选地取代,其中所述的苯基、苄基、苯氧基、苄氧基、杂芳基和杂芳氧基可以被1-3个选自例如低级烷基、链烯基、炔基、卤素、羟基、烷氧基、氰基、苯基、苯氧基、苄基、苄氧基、羧基、烷氧羰基、甲酰氨基、杂芳基、杂芳氧基、NO2和-NR’R’的取代基任选地取代,其中R’是H或低级烷基。碳环芳族环系包括苯基、萘基、茚基、二氢化茚基、薁基、芴基、蒽基。杂环芳族环系包括呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、吡咯基、噁唑基、噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、2-吡唑啉基、吡唑烷基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,3,4-噻二唑基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、1,3,5-三嗪基、1,3,5-三噻烷基、吲嗪基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、3H-吲哚基、二氢吲哚基、苯并[b]呋喃基、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基、苯并[b]噻吩基、1H-吲唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、嘌呤基、4H-喹嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、二氮杂萘基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、1,8-萘啶基、蝶啶基、咔唑基、吖啶基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基和吩噁嗪基。
当“芳基”具体涉及上式中的基团R1时,是指碳环或杂环芳基,特别是被1-3个取代基任选地取代的苯基,所述取代基彼此独立地选自例如卤素、羟基、氨基、硝基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、烷基、链烯基、炔基、氰基、羧基、烷氧羰基、Ar’-取代的烷基、Ar’-取代的取代的链烯基或炔基、1,2-二氧亚甲基、1,2-二氧亚乙基、烷氧基、链烯氧基或炔氧基、Ar’-取代的的烷氧基、Ar’-取代的链烯氧基或炔氧基、烷基氨基、链烯基氨基或炔基氨基、Ar’-取代的烷基氨基、Ar’-取代的链烯基氨基或炔基氨基、Ar’-取代的羰基氧基、烷基羰基氧基、脂族或芳族酰基如链烷酰基、Ar’-取代的链烷酰基或Ar’-取代的羰基、Ar’-取代的烷基羰基氧基、Ar’-取代的羰基氨基、Ar’-取代的氨基、Ar’-取代的氧基、烷基羰基氨基、Ar’-取代的烷基羰基氨基、Ar’-取代的氨基羰基烷基、烷氧羰基氨基、Ar’-取代的烷氧羰基氨基、Ar’-氧羰基氨基、烷基磺酰基氨基、单或二(Ar’-磺酰基)氨基、Ar’-取代的烷基磺酰基氨基、吗啉代羰基氨基、硫代吗啉代羰基氨基、N-烷基胍基、N-Ar’胍基、N-Ar’氰基胍基、N,N-(Ar’-,烷基)胍基、N,N-(Ar’,Ar’)胍基、N,N-二烷基胍基、N,N,N-三烷基胍基、N-烷基-脲基、N,N-二烷基脲基、N-Ar’-脲基、N,N-(Ar’,烷基)脲基和N,N-(Ar’)2脲基;酰基羰基氨基;Ar’-取代的芳基;芳族酰基取代的芳族或脂族酰基;Ar’-取代的杂环基;Ar’-取代的环烷基或环烯基;杂环基烷氧基;N,N-(Ar’,羟基)脲基;Ar’-取代的环烷基和环烯基、Ar’-取代的联芳基;Ar’-取代的氨基羰基氨基;Ar’-巯基取代的烷基;Ar’-氨基取代的芳基;Ar’-氧基取代的烷基;Ar’-取代的氨基环烷基和环烯基;芳烷基氨基磺酰基;芳烷氧基烷基;N-Ar’-取代的硫脲基;N-芳烷氧基脲基;N-羟基脲基;N-链烯基脲基;N,N-(烷基,羟基)脲基;杂环基;硫代芳氧基取代的芳基;N,N-(芳基,烷基)肼基;Ar’-取代的磺酰基杂环基;芳烷基取代的杂环基;环烷基和环烯基取代的杂环基;环烷基稠合的芳基;芳氧基取代的烷基;杂环基氨基;Ar’-取代的芳基氨基磺酰基;Ar’-取代的链烯酰基;脂族或芳族酰基氨基羰基;脂族或芳族酰基取代的链烯基;Ar’-取代的氨基羰基氧基;Ar’,Ar’-二取代的芳基;脂族或芳族酰基取代的酰基;苯环稠合的杂环基羰基氨基;Ar’-取代的肼基;Ar’-取代的氨基磺酰基;Ar’-取代的烷基氨基;Ar’-取代的杂环基;Ar’,Ar’-二取代的链烷酰基氨基;Ar’-取代的环烷酰基氨基;杂环基烷氧基;N,N-Ar’,羟基脲基;N,N’-Ar’,羟基脲基;杂环基羰基氨基;Ar’-取代的氨基羰基杂环基;Ar’-取代的氨基羰基;Ar’-取代的羰基氨基;Ar’-取代的氨基磺酰基氨基;Ar’-取代的巯基烷基;Ar’-氨基取代的联芳基;芳烷基氨基烷氧基;烷基和芳氧基取代的烷氧基;杂环基羰基;Ar’-取代的磺酰基烷基;Ar’-氨基碳环基;芳烷基磺酰基;芳基取代的链烯基;杂环基烷基氨基;杂环基烷基氨基羰基;Ar’-取代的磺酰基氨基烷基;Ar’-取代的环烷基;硫代芳氧基烷基;硫代芳氧基巯基;环烷基羰基烷基;环烷基取代的氨基;Ar’-取代的芳基氨基;芳氧基羰基烷基;二氨基磷酸(phosphorodiamidylacid)或酯;芳氧基二甲基甲硅烷氧基;2,3-二氢-1,3-茚二酮基羰基烷基;2,3-二氢-1,3-茚二酮基羰基;肟基;杂环基亚烷基;甲脒基;benzalizinyl;亚苄肼基(benzalhydrazino);芳基磺酰基脲基;benzilyl氨基;4-(N-2-羧基烷基-1-(1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)氨基-N-亮氨酰基烷基酰氨基芳基脲);Ar’-氨基甲酰氧基和烷基-及芳氧基取代的脲基;其中“Ar’”是以上所定义的碳环或杂环芳基,其带有1-3个选自氢、卤素、羟基、氨基、硝基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、烷基、链烯基、炔基、1,2-二氧亚甲基、1,2-二氧亚乙基、烷氧基、链烯氧基、炔氧基、烷基氨基、链烯基氨基或炔基氨基、烷基羰基氧基、脂族或芳族酰基、烷基羰基氨基、烷氧羰基氨基、烷基磺酰基氨基、N-烷基或N,N-二烷基脲基的取代基。
“烷氧基”是指烷基醚基团。烷基醚基团的例子包括甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基和叔丁氧基。“链烯氧基”是指式链烯基-O-的基团,条件是该基团不是烯醇醚。链烯氧基的例子包括烯丙氧基和E-和Z-3-甲基-2-丙烯氧基。“炔氧基”是指式炔基-O-的基团,条件是该基团不是炔醇醚。炔氧基的例子包括炔丙氧基和2-丁炔氧基。“硫代烷氧基”是指式烷基-S-的硫醚基团。“烷基氨基”是指单或二烷基取代的氨基基团(即式烷基-NH-或(烷基)2-N-的基团)。烷基氨基的例子包括甲氨基、乙氨基、丙氨基、异丙氨基、叔丁基氨基和N,N-二乙基氨基。“链烯基氨基”是指式链烯基-NH-或(链烯基)2N-的基团,条件是该基团不是烯胺。链烯基氨基的例子是烯丙基氨基。“炔基氨基”是指式炔基-NH-或(炔基)2N-的基团,条件是该基团不是炔胺。炔基氨基的例子是炔丙基氨基。“芳氧基”是指式芳基-O-的基团。芳氧基的例子包括苯氧基、萘氧基和吡啶基氧基。“芳基氨基”是指时芳基-NH-的基团。芳基氨基的例子包括苯基氨基(苯氨基)、萘基氨基、2-、3-或4-吡啶基氨基。“联芳基”是指时芳基-芳基-的基团。“硫代芳基”是指式芳基-S-的基团。硫代芳基的例子是硫代苯基。“芳基稠合的环烷基”是指与芳基共享两个相邻原子的环烷基。芳基稠合的环烷基的例子是苯环稠合的环丁基。“脂族酰基”是指从羧酸衍生的式烷基-CO-、链烯基-CO-或炔基-CO-的基团。脂族酰基的例子包括乙酰基、丙酰基、丁酰基、戊酰基、4-甲基戊酰基、丙烯酰基、巴豆基、丙炔酰基和甲基丙炔酰基。“芳族酰基”是指式芳基-CO-的基团。芳族酰基的例子包括苯甲酰基、4-卤代苯甲酰基、4-羧基苯甲酰基、萘酰基和吡啶基羰基。“吗啉代羰基”和“卤代吗啉代羰基”分别是指N-羰基化的吗啉代和N-羰基化的硫代吗啉代基团。“烷基羰基氨基”是指式烷基-CONH-的基团。“烷氧羰基氨基”是指式烷基-OCONH-的基团。“烷基磺酰基氨基”是指式烷基-SO2NH-的基团。“芳基磺酰基氨基”是指式芳基-SO2NH-的基团。“N-烷基脲”或“N-烷基脲基”是指式烷基-NH-CO-NH-的基团。“N-芳基脲”或“N-芳基脲基”是指式芳基-NH-CO-NH-的基团。“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴和碘。若无另外说明,“杂环”是指稳定的3-7元单环杂环或8-11元二环杂环,所述杂环可以是饱和或不饱和的,并且可以任选地与苯环稠合。各杂环由一个或多个碳原子和1-4选自氮、氧和硫、氮和硫的各种氧化形式以及任何碱性氮的季铵盐形式的杂原子组成。任何环氮原子均可任选地被式Ⅰ化合物中所定义的取代基R4所取代。杂环可以在任何可以产生稳定结构的环内的碳或杂原子上进行连接。优选的杂环包括5-7元单环杂环和8-10元二环杂环。杂环可以任选地在1-3个环位置上被氧代取代并且可以任选地被1-4个芳基取代基彼此独立地取代。其包括本文所定义的杂芳基以及饱和的杂环如哌啶、吗啉、吡咯烷、噻唑烷、哌嗪等。
需要指出的是,在特定分子中的任何取代基或符号的定义与其在该分子中别处的定义是相互独立的。因此,例如,-N(R4)2表示-NH2、-NHCH3、-N(CH3)2等。
本文所述的某些化合物含有一个或多个不对称中心,因此可以产生可以用绝对立体化学的术语如(R)或(S)或用于氨基酸的(D)或(L)进行定义的对映体、非对映体和其它立体异构体形式。本发明包括所有可能的非对映体及其外消旋和旋光体的形式。旋光的(R)和(S)或(D)和(L)异构体可以用手性合成子或手性试剂制备,或用常规的技术进行拆分。当本文所述的化合物含有烯烃双键或其它几何不对称中心时,若无另外说明,该化合物同时包括E和Z几何异构体。同样,还包括所有的互变异构体。
本发明的药物组合物含有式Ⅰ化合物或其可药用盐作为活性成分,并且还可含有可药用载体以及任选的其它治疗成分。术语“可药用盐”是指从可药用的无毒酸或碱包括有机或无机的酸或碱制得的盐。
当本发明的化合物呈酸性时,可以从可药用的无毒碱制备盐。盐可以从所有稳定形式的无机碱包括铝、铵、钙、铜、铁、锂、镁、锰、钾、钠、锌等衍生得到。特别优选铵、钙、镁、钾和钠盐。从可药用有机无毒碱衍生的盐包括伯胺、仲胺和叔胺、取代的胺(包括天然取代的胺)、环胺和碱性离子交换树脂如精氨酸、甜菜碱、咖啡因、胆碱、N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、二乙胺、2-二乙氨基乙醇、2-二甲氨基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-乙基哌啶、葡糖胺、氨基葡萄糖、组氨酸、异丙基胺、赖氨酸、甲基葡糖胺、吗啉、哌嗪、哌啶、聚胺树脂、普鲁卡因、嘌呤、可可碱、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺等的盐。
当本发明的化合物呈碱性时,可以从可药用的无毒酸制备盐。所述酸包括乙酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、樟脑磺酸、柠檬酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、谷氨酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、羟乙磺酸、乳酸、马来酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、粘酸、硝酸、扑酸、泛酸、磷酸、琥珀酸、硫酸、酒石酸、对甲苯磺酸等。特别优选柠檬酸、氢溴酸、马来酸、磷酸、硫酸和酒石酸。碱盐还包括铵盐、碱金属盐、碱土金属盐以及与有机碱形成的盐如二环己基胺盐和与氨基如精氨酸和赖氨酸形成的盐。此外,碱性含氮基团还可以用低级烷基卤化物如甲基氯化物、硫酸二烷基酯如硫酸二甲酯、长链卤化物如硬脂基卤化物和芳烷基卤化物如苄基氯化物等试剂季铵化。
本发明的化合物特别适于在哺乳动物中用作VLA-4拮抗剂和与VLA-4有关的细胞粘着的抑制剂。
式Ⅰ化合物抑制与VLA-4有关的细胞粘着的能力使得它们可以用于治疗、缓解或预防各种炎症、免疫和自身免疫疾病。用本发明的方法进行治疗的疾病优选选自呼吸疾病(例如哮喘)、关节炎、牛皮癣、移植排斥、多发性硬化、Ⅰ型糖尿病和炎性肠疾病、干细胞活动和engraphment,以及镰状细胞性贫血。式Ⅰ化合物还可用于移植手术;具体地讲,用于治疗慢性和急性的异种移植和同种移植排斥反应。
对于呼吸疾病,本发明的化合物可用作对症或预防性治疗炎性气道疾病的药物。所述疾病包括各种类型或起因的哮喘,包括内源性(非过敏性的)哮喘和外源性(过敏性)哮喘。它们可用于治疗支气道哮喘、运动引起的哮喘、职业性哮喘、由细菌感染引起的哮喘和其它非过敏性哮喘。应当理解,哮喘的治疗包括对年龄小于4或5岁、具有喘鸣症状(特别是在夜间)并且被诊断为或可被诊断为“气喘婴儿”的患者的治疗。
在治疗哮喘中的预防性效力可以表现在症状发作频率的减少或严重程度的降低、肺功能的改善或气道过敏性的改善。此外,还可以通过对对症治疗需要的减少证实,所述对症治疗是指,当症状发作时用于控制或中止症状的治疗,例如用皮质类固醇进行抗炎治疗。
可用本发明化合物治疗的其它炎性气道疾病包括尘肺(一种由于反复吸入粉尘引起的肺部炎性疾病,通常是职业性的),包括,例如矾土肺、石棉肺、石末肺、铁尘肺、矽肺、烟尘肺和棉屑肺。
可用本发明化合物治疗的其它炎性气道疾病包括成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、恶化期的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)和由于其它药物治疗如阿司匹林或b-激动剂支气道扩张剂治疗引起的气道机能亢进的加剧。
鉴于其抗炎活性、特别是抑制嗜曙红细胞的激活,本发明的化合物还可用于治疗气道的相关疾病,例如嗜曙红细胞增多、超嗜曙红细胞增多、嗜曙红细胞性肺炎、寄生虫感染(包括热带嗜曙红细胞增多)、支气道肺曲霉病、结节性多动脉炎、嗜曙红细胞肉芽肿和由药物反应引起的影响气道的与嗜曙红细胞有关的疾病。
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗过敏性炎症例如过敏性鼻炎。
根据以上描述,本发明包括:(A)以上所述的本发明化合物(即式Ⅰ化合物或其可药用盐)在制备用于治疗炎症、免疫或自身免疫疾病,特别是关节炎、移植排斥或炎性气道疾病,特别是哮喘的药物中的用途。(B)治疗炎症、免疫或自身免疫疾病,特别是关节炎、移植排斥或炎性气道疾病,特别是哮喘的方法,该方法包括,向需要所述治疗的哺乳动物、特别是人施用以上所述的本发明化合物。
体外剂量可以在约10-6至10-10摩尔浓度之间,优选约10-7至10-9摩尔浓度。
本发明化合物的预防或治疗剂量的大小将随着所治疗病症的性质和严重程度、所涉及的哺乳动物以及具体的本发明化合物及其给药途径而改变。通常,每日剂量在200-0.001mg/kg哺乳动物体重的范围内,优选50-0.05mg/kg,首选1.0-0.1mg/kg,可以单次或分多次给药。在某些情况下,可能需要使用超出这些范围的剂量。当使用用于静脉内给药的组合物时,适宜的每日剂量为约50-0.0005mg(优选20-0.01mg)本发明化合物/kg体重。当使用用于口服给药的组合物时,适宜的每日剂量为约20-0.001mg(优选10-0.01mg)本发明化合物/kg体重。当使用用于眼科给药的组合物时,适宜的每日剂量为约10-0.01%(优选5.0-0.5%本发明化合物,通常为2.0-0.1%(重量)本发明化合物在可接受的眼科制剂中的溶液或混悬液)。
本发明的化合物还可用于和其它药物活性成分联用。例如,一般的眼用制剂可以含有化合物本身或与β-肾上腺素能阻滞剂如噻吗洛尔马来酸盐或拟副交感神经药如匹鲁卡品的组合。当联合使用时,两种活性成分以大约等量存在。
可以采用任何适宜的途径向哺乳动物、特别是人提供有效剂量的本发明化合物。例如,可以采用口服、直肠、局部、胃肠外、眼、肺、鼻等途径。剂量形式包括片剂、锭剂、分散剂、混悬剂、溶液、胶囊、霜剂、软膏气雾剂等。
本发明的药物组合物含有式Ⅰ化合物或其可药用盐作为活性成分,并可含有可药用载体和任选的其它治疗活性成分。本发明包括所述组合物用于治疗炎症、免疫或自身免疫疾病,特别是关节炎、移植排斥或炎性气道疾病,特别是哮喘的用途。
组合物包括适用于口服、直肠、局部(包括经皮装置、气雾剂、霜剂、软膏、洗剂和扑粉)、胃肠外(包括皮下、肌肉内和静脉内)、眼睛(眼用)、肺(鼻或口腔吸入)或鼻给药的组合物;在任何给定情况下的最佳途径在很大程度上取决于所治疗病症的性质和严重程度以及活性成分的性质。它们可以方便地以单位剂量形式存在并且可以提供制药领域熟知的各种方法制备。
例如,在治疗气道疾病时,可将本发明的化合物口服给药,例如,以片剂的形式给药,或通过吸入给药,例如,以气雾剂或其它可雾化制剂的形式或干粉制剂的形式用本领域熟知的适宜吸入装置给药。当用于治疗过敏性鼻炎时,还可将本发明的化合物鼻内给药。
可以按照常规的制药混合技术将作为活性成分的本发明化合物与可药用载体混合成紧密混合物。根据用于给药(即,口服、胃肠外等)的制剂的性质,载体可以是各种形式的。在制备口服剂型时,对于口服液体制剂(例如混悬剂、酏剂和溶液),可以采用任何常规的制药介质,例如水、甘油、油、醇、矫味剂、防腐剂、着色剂等;对于口服固体制剂如散剂、胶囊和片剂,可以采用载体如淀粉、糖、微晶纤维素、稀释剂、造粒剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂等。固体口服制剂比液体口服制剂更为优选。片剂和胶囊由于易于给药而是优选的口服剂量单位形式。如需要,可将胶囊通过常规的含水或非水技术进行包衣。
除上述剂型外,还可将本发明的化合物通过控释方式和装置进行给药。
适于口服给药的本发明的药物组合物可以制成含有预定量粉末或颗粒状活性成分的不连续的单元如胶囊、扁囊剂或片剂,或是在含水或非水液体中的溶液或混悬液或水包油或油包水乳液。所述组合物可以通过制药领域已知的各种方法制备。通常,可以通过将活性成分与液体载体、细粉碎的固体载体或两种载体一起均匀、紧密地混合来制备组合物,如需要,可将产物成型成所需的形式。例如,可以通过压片或模压选择性地用一种或多种辅助成分来制备片剂。压制的片剂可以通过将自由流动形式的活性成分如粉末或颗粒在适宜的机器中压片制得,所述活性成分可以选择性地与粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂或表面活性剂或分散剂混合。模压的片剂可以通过将用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉末状化合物的混合物在适宜的机器中模压制得。眼科插入物可以由压塑薄膜制成,所述压塑薄膜通过在Carver Press上对活性成分和HPC的粉末状混合物于149℃下施加12000 1b(表压)的压力1-4分钟制得。通过在压盘上用冷水循环使薄膜在压力下冷却。然后用棒形的冲从薄膜上切下插入物。将各插入物置于小瓶中,然后将小瓶置于潮湿的小室(30℃,88%相对湿度)中2-4天。从小室中取出后,将小瓶加盖然后于121℃高压灭菌0.5小时。
含有本发明化合物的组合物还可含有选自皮质类固醇、支气道扩张药、平喘药(肥大细胞稳定剂)、抗炎剂、抗风湿药、免疫抑制剂、抗代谢物、免疫调节剂、治牛皮癣药和治糖尿病药的其它试剂。具体的化合物包括,茶碱、柳氮磺胺吡啶和氨基水杨酸酯(抗炎剂);环孢菌素、FK-506和雷怕霉素(免疫抑制剂);环磷酰胺和甲氨蝶呤(抗代谢物)和干扰素(免疫调节剂)。
本发明包括可吸入形式的上述本发明化合物以及含有所述可吸入形式化合物的可吸入药物,所述药物可任选地含有可吸入形式的可药用载体。
可吸入形式可以是,例如可雾化的组合物如含有本发明化合物在抛射剂中的溶液或分散液的气雾剂,或含有本发明化合物在含水、有机或含水/有机溶媒中的分散液的可雾化组合物,或含有细粉碎形式的本发明化合物以及选择性的细粉碎形式的可药用载体的细粉碎的颗粒形式。
适于用作可吸入形式的气雾剂组合物可以含有本发明化合物在抛射剂中的溶液或分散液,所述抛射剂可以选自本领域已知的各种抛射剂。适宜的抛射剂包括,烃,例如正丙烷、正丁烷或异丁烷或两种或多种所述烃的混合物;卤代烃,例如氟取代的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、环丙烷或环丁烷,特别是1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFA-134a)和七氟丙烷(HFA227),或两种或多种所述卤代烃的混合物。当本发明的化合物以在抛射剂中的分散液的形式存在时,即,当所述化合物以颗粒的形式分散在抛射剂中时,气雾剂组合物还可以含有润滑剂和表面活性剂,所述润滑剂和表面活性剂可以选自本领域已知的润滑剂和表面活性剂。以抛射剂的重量计,气雾剂组合物可含有最多约5%(重量),例如0.002-5%、0.01-3%、0.015-2%、0.1-2%、0.5-2%或0.5-1%(重量)的本发明化合物。当含有润滑剂和表面活性剂时,它们的含量分别最多为气雾剂组合物重量的5%和0.5%。气雾剂组合物还可含有含量最多为组合物重量30%的乙醇作为助溶剂,特别是用于加压计量剂量吸入装置的给药形式。
适于用作可吸入形式的细粉碎的颗粒形式(即干粉)可以含有细粉碎的颗粒形式的本发明化合物,并可任选地含有细粉碎的颗粒形式的载体,所述载体可以选自已知在于粉吸入组合物中用作载体的物质,例如糖,包括单糖、二糖和多糖如阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、果糖、核糖、甘露糖、蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、淀粉或葡聚糖。特别优选的载体是乳糖。干粉可存在于用于干粉吸入装置的明胶或塑料胶囊或凸泡中,优选为5μg-40mg活性成分的剂量单位。或者,可将干粉以储库的形式包含在多剂量干粉吸入装置中。
在细粉碎的颗粒形式和本发明化合物以颗粒形式存在的气雾剂组合物中,本发明化合物的平均颗粒直径最高可以是大约10μm,例如1-5μm。可以通过常规方法,例如在空气喷射磨、球磨或振动磨中研磨、微量沉淀、喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥或用超临界溶媒重结晶将本发明化合物以及存在于干粉组合物中的固体载体的粒度降低至所需的水平。
可吸入药物可以用适于可吸入形式的吸入装置给药,所述装置是本领域已知的。因此,本发明还提供包含上述可吸入形式的本发明化合物以及吸入装置的药物产品。另一方面,本发明提供含有上述可吸入形式的本发明化合物的吸入装置。
当可吸入形式是气雾剂组合物时,吸入装置可以是带有能够释放计量剂量如10-100μl,例如25-50μl组合物的阀门的气雾剂瓶,即称为计量剂量吸入器的装置。适宜的气雾剂瓶以及在其中加入加压气雾剂组合物的方法是吸入治疗领域技术人员熟知的。当可吸入形式是可雾化的含水、有机或含水/有机分散液时,吸入装置可以是已知的雾化器,例如常规的气动雾化器如空气喷射雾化器,或超声雾化器,其可以含有例如1-50ml,通常为1-10ml分散液;或是手动雾化器如AERx(exAradigm,US)或BINEB(Boehringer Ingelheim)雾化器,该雾化器可以比常规的雾化器雾化更小的体积,例如10-100μl。当可吸入形式是细粉碎的颗粒形式时,吸入装置可以是例如适于从含有一个剂量单位干粉的胶囊或凸泡中释放干粉的干粉吸入装置,或者是每次动作可以释放例如25mg干粉的多剂量干粉吸入装置。适宜的干粉吸入装置是公知的。
利用体外和体内检测可以确定本发明化合物的活性和VLA-4特异性。
通过确定阻断VLA-4-表达细胞与纤连蛋白-、CS1-或VCAM-I-包被平板之结合所需的抑制剂浓度可以测定这些化合物的细胞粘附抑制活性。在该检测中,用纤连蛋白(含CS-1序列)或CS-1或VCAM-I包被微滴定孔。如果使用CS-1,必须将其与载体蛋白例如牛血清白蛋白相连,以便与所述孔结合。将孔包被后,加入不同浓度的测试化合物与适宜标记的VLA-4-表达细胞。或者,先加入测试化合物并在加入细胞前与包被的孔保温。使细胞在孔中保温至少30分钟。保温后,将孔清空并洗涤。通过定量分析与不同浓度测试化合物的平板结合的荧光或放射性以及不含测试化合物之对照的荧光或放射性来测定结合抑制作用。在本检测中所用的VLA-4-表达细胞包括Ramos细胞、Jurkat细胞、A375黑素瘤细胞、以及人外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)。本检测中所用的细胞可以经荧光标记的或放射性标记的。
还可以利用直接结合实验定量分析本发明化合物的抑制活性。在该检测中,将含连接有上述IgG1分子铰链区之VCAM的前两个免疫球蛋白结构域(D1D2)的VCAM-IgG融合蛋白(VCAM2D-IgG)与标记酶如碱性磷酸酶(AP)相连。在PCT公开WO90/13300中描述了该VCAM-IgG融合蛋白的合成。通过熟知的交联方法可以将所述融合蛋白与所述标记酶相连。然后将VCAM-IgG酶结合物放在多孔过滤平板的孔中,例如在Millipore Multiscreen Assay System(Millipore Corp.,Bedford,MA)中所含的。然后将不同浓度的测试抑制化合物加到孔中,然后加入VLA-4-表达细胞。将细胞、化合物和VCAM-IgG酶结合物混合在一起,然后在室温保温。保温后,将孔清空,留下细胞和结合的VCAM。通过加入与VCAM-IgG结合的酶的适宜比色底物并确定反应细胞粘附抑制活性的量来测定结合的VCAM量。
实施例的化合物具有测定的数量级低至1nm的VLA-4结合的IC50值。
为了评估本发明化合物的VLA-4抑制特异性,完成有关其他主要整合素即β2和β3以及其他β1整合素例如VLA-5、VLA-6和α4β7的检测。这些检测可以与上述粘附抑制和直接检测类似,不同的是用适宜的整合素-表达细胞和相应的配体代替。例如多形核细胞(PMN)在其表面上表达β2整合素并与ICAM结合。β3整合素与血小板聚集有关,用标准血小板聚集实验可测定抑制作用。VLA-5特异性结合Arg-Gly-Asp序列,而VLA-6结合层粘连蛋白。发现实施例的化合物对于VLA-4相对于相关整合素是选择性的。
在P.L.Chisholm等,欧洲免疫学杂志(Eur.J.Immunol.)vol,23,pp.682-688(1993)中描述了检测动物中接触超敏性之抑制作用的体内实验。
在W.M.Abraham等,临床研究杂志(J.Clin.Invest.),vol.93,pp.776-87(1994)中描述了测定哮喘羊中蛔虫抗原-诱导的晚期气道反应和气道超反应之抑制作用的试验。
还可用下列试验检测本发明的化合物。小鼠中抗原诱导的肺嗜曙红细胞增多
小鼠的致敏:通过腹膜内注射0.5mL明矾沉淀的含8μg卵白蛋白(OVA)的抗原使雄性B6D2F1/J小鼠致敏,所述卵白蛋白吸附到2毫克在盐水载体中的氢氧化铝凝胶。5天后,用OVA/明矾给小鼠加强注射。对照动物仅用明矾致敏。每组用10只小鼠。
攻击和给药:将小鼠放在12×14×10英寸有机玻璃室中并在试验开始时与气雾化OVA(在盐水中0.5%)接触1小时,在5小时后接触1小时。将低分子量拮抗剂溶解于2%DMSO和150mM TRIS,pH8.8中,每个试验均包括溶剂对照。在OVA接触前30分钟,将药物经口施用,然后在第一次OVA接触后6小时给药。
BAL液收集和分析:第一次抗原攻击后24小时通过CO2窒息杀死动物。暴露气道并插套管。将肺用0.6mL缓冲液(含10mM Hepes,0.5%BSAh 10U/mL肝素的Hanks缓冲的盐)灌洗。通过计数每个样品的白细胞总数和嗜曙红细胞的百分比来评估灌洗液中嗜曙红细胞数。
通过下式计算抑制百分数:
1-(使用药物的OA组的#Eos-非OA组的#Eos)X100%
(OA组的#Eos-非OA组的#Eos)其中:Eos=嗜曙红细胞的平均数,OA=攻击的小鼠,非OA=未攻击的小鼠。
在该试验中,将实施例的化合物以30mg/kg的剂量给药,所产生的对嗜曙红细胞增多的抑制百分比高达77%。
本发明的化合物可以用已知的方法合成。参见,例如WO96/22900(引入本文作为参考),该文献教导了类似化合物的合成。参照以下实施例对本发明进行进一步的描述,这些实施例是说明性的而不是限定性的。例如,其中W是CH的代表性式Ⅰ化合物可以通过将式Ⅱ化合物
R1-(CH2)p-Y-OH (Ⅱ)其中R1、p和Y具有上述含义,或其活泼的官能基衍生物与式Ⅲ化合物反应进行制备:其中的羧基是保护的形式并且其中的R2-R4、Z、n和m具有上述含义,如需要,可将所得化合物转变成本发明的另一种化合物。缩合反应按照本领域已知的用于形成酰胺的方法进行,例如,在缩合剂如1-[3-(二甲氨基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和碱如二异丙基乙基胺的存在下、在惰性溶剂(例如二氯甲烷)中、优选在室温下进行。
式Ⅱ的原料,例如任选取代的苯基脲基苯乙酸是本领域已知的或者可以按照本领域已知的方法制备,例如,将对氨基苯乙酸酯与适宜的芳基异氰酸酯缩合得到相应的苯基脲基苯乙酸酯,然后将得到的酯水解。
L-Z-(CH2)n-COOH (Ⅴ)优选其活泼的官能基衍生物的形式,其中Z是(CH2)n’或CHR6,且n、n’和R6具有上述含义并且L是离去基,例如卤素或(烷基或芳基)-磺酰氧基,在碱如三乙胺的存在下反应生成式Ⅵ化合物其中的羧酸是保护的形式(例如烷基酯的形式),L、R1、R2和Z具有上述含义,然后将该化合物与式Ⅸ的胺在本领域已知的条件下反应:
R2-NH2 (Ⅶ)其中R2具有上述含义,生成保护形式的(例如烷基酯的形式)式Ⅲ原料。用碱,例如氢氧化锂水溶液水解得到式Ⅲ的原料。
在上述方法中,如需要,可将干扰活泼基团暂时进行保护,然后释放所形成的本发明化合物。在可通过本文所述的方法转变成本发明化合物的原料化合物和中间体中,所存在的官能基如羧基、氨基和羟基可以任选地通过制备有机化学中常用的常规保护基进行保护。公知的保护基及其引入方法记载于,例如,J.F.W.McOmie,“有机化学中的保护基”,Plemum Press,London,New York,T.W.Greene,“有机合成中的保护基”,Wiley,New York。例如,羟基优选以苄基醚的形式保护,所述苄基醚可以通过催化氢化进行裂解,生成羟基取代的产物。
所生成的其中X是酯化的羧基(COOR5)的式Ⅰ化合物可以按照本领域公知的方法通过水解转变成相应的酸。
以下实施例中使用的缩写具有如下含义:conc.=浓的DEIA=二异丙基乙基胺DMSO=二甲亚砜EDAC=1-[3-(二甲氨基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐HOBT=羟基苯并三唑HOSu=羟基琥珀酰胺HPLC=高压液相色谱MS=质谱NMR=核磁共振OR=旋光度TEA=三乙胺TLC=薄层色谱TRIS=三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷
实施例1(S)-β-[3-甲氧基丙基)[[4-[(2-甲基苯基氨基羰基氨基)苯基]乙酰基]氨基]乙酰基氨基-苯丙酸步骤1
向45ml二氯甲烷中加入1g(4.5mmol)(3S)-3-氨基-3-苯基丙酸1,1-二甲基乙基酯。然后加入0.720mL(5.17mmol)TEA。将混合物搅拌10分钟,然后冷却至0℃。于15分钟内向混合物中滴加0.450mL(5.17mmol)溴乙酰溴的5ml二氯甲烷溶液。将混合物搅拌3小时,然后升温至室温。用TLC(50%乙酸乙酯/50%己烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干并用30g硅胶(Merck,9385级,230-400目,60A)进行快速色谱,用25%乙酸乙酯/75%己烷洗脱得到1.75g粘稠的黄色油,其在TLC上显示一个斑点。将该产物用于下一步骤。步骤2
向50ml DMF中加入1.5g
A和1.0g(11mmol)3-甲氧基-丙胺。室温下加入0.74mL(5.3mmol)三乙胺。将混合物室温搅拌16小时。用TLC(10%甲醇/90%二氯甲烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干并用45g硅胶进行快速色谱,用2%甲醇/二氯甲烷开始然后逐渐增加至4%甲醇/二氯甲烷,得到1.6g黄色油,其在TLC上显示一个斑点。将该产物用于下一步骤。步骤3
向50ml二氯甲烷中加入1.5g
B。然后加入1.4g(4.8mmol)N-(2-甲基)-N’-(4’-乙酸)二苯基脲(仅部分溶解)和0.74mL(5.3mmol)DIEA。将混合物室温搅拌15分钟得到透明的黄色溶液。加入0.98g(4.8mmol)EDAC并将混合物搅拌3小时。用TLC(10%甲醇/90%二氯甲烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干并用90g硅胶进行快速色谱,用1%甲醇/二氯甲烷开始然后增加至5%甲醇/二氯甲烷,得到1.93g白色泡沫。步骤4
室温下,向35ml二氯甲烷中加入1.7g
C。然后与5ml二氯甲烷一起滴加8ml TFA。将混合物搅拌2小时。用TLC(10%甲醇/90%二氯甲烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干。多次加入新鲜的二氯甲烷以除去所有的TFA。将产物用50g硅胶进行快速色谱,用2%-5%甲醇/二氯甲烷洗脱得到1.5g白色粉末状标题化合物。
mp:125-127℃
OR:-27.4°,DMSO(10mg/mL)
实施例2(S)-[3-甲氧基丙基)[[4-[(2-甲基苯基氨基羰基氨基)苯基]乙酰基]氨基]乙酰基氨基-4-己酸步骤1
按照实施例1,步骤1的方法,但用0.834g(4.5mmol)(3S)-3-氨基-4-己烯酸1,1-二甲基乙基酯作为原料制得01.46g粘稠的黄色油,其在TLC上显示一个斑点。将该产物用于下一步骤。步骤2
向10ml DMF中加入0.31g(1mmol)
A。然后加入0.18g(2mmol) 3-甲氧基丙胺。室温下加入0.23mL(2mmol)TEA。将混合物室温搅拌16小时。用TLC(10%甲醇/90%二氯甲烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干并用12g硅胶进行快速色谱,用2%甲醇/二氯甲烷开始然后逐渐增加至4%甲醇/二氯甲烷,得到0.1g黄色油,其在TLC上显示一个斑点。将该产物用于下一步骤。步骤3
向50ml二氯甲烷中加入1.4g(4.4mmol)
B。然后加入1.4g(4.8mmol)N-(2-甲基)-N’-(4’-乙酸)二苯基脲(仅部分溶解)和0.74mL(5.3mmol)DIEA并将混合物搅拌15分钟得到透明的黄色溶液。加入0.98g(4.8mmol)EDAC并将混合物搅拌3小时。用TLC(10%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干,用90g硅胶进行快速色谱,用1%甲醇/二氯甲烷开始然后增加至5%甲醇/二氯甲烷,得到1.8g白色泡沫。步骤4
室温下,向35ml二氯甲烷中加入1.7g
C。然后与5ml二氯甲烷一起滴加8ml TFA。将混合物搅拌2小时。用TLC(10%甲醇/90%二氯甲烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干。多次加入新鲜的二氯甲烷以除去所有的TFA。将产物用50g硅胶进行快速色谱,用2%-5%甲醇/二氯甲烷洗脱得到1.5g白色粉末状标题化合物。
mp:88-90℃
向300ml甲醇中加入30g(144.2mmol)3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸。加入4滴硫酸并将混合物回流4小时。用TLC(70/30,乙酸乙酯/己烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干并用350g硅胶(60级,70-230目)进行快速色谱,用20%乙酸乙酯/80%己烷洗脱得到14.14g A。步骤2
向200ml THF中加入11.8g(55.8mmol)(R)-(+)-N-苄基-α-甲基苄基胺。将混合物冷却至0℃然后在30分钟内滴加34.9mL(55.8mmol)正丁基锂(1.6M的己烷溶液)。将混合物继续搅拌30分钟。将反应液冷却至-78℃。然后在1小时内滴加溶于150ml THF的6.2g(27.9mmol)3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯。将混合物于-78℃搅拌30分钟,然后保持在-78℃,缓慢加入25ml饱和氯化铵溶液,将混合物升温至室温,用盐水洗涤,然后浓缩至干。用TLC(50/50乙酸乙酯/己烷)监测反应。将混合物用180g硅胶(Merck,9385级,230-400目,60A)进行快速色谱得到10.5g粘稠的黄色油。步骤3
将5.0g(11.5mmol)B加入到250ml甲醇、25ml水和0.75ml乙酸中。加入1g Pearlman’s催化剂(Pd(OH)2)。使用气囊,将混合物在氢气氛下室温回流16小时。用TLC(5%甲醇/二氯甲烷)监测反应。将混合物用硅藻土过滤,用甲醇洗涤,然后浓缩至干。向干燥的产物中加入二氯甲烷并将其用由饱和碳酸氢钠调至碱性的盐水洗涤。将混合物浓缩至干并用150g硅胶(230-400目)进行快速色谱,用1-4%甲醇/二氯甲烷洗脱得到1.54g黄色油。步骤4
向9ml二氯甲烷中加入0.2g(0.8mmol)C和0.13ml(0.9mmol)TEA。将混合物搅拌10分钟,然后将混合物冷却至0℃。在15分钟内滴加0.08mL(0.9mmol)溴乙酰溴的1ml二氯甲烷溶液。将混合物搅拌3小时,然后将混合物升温至室温。用TLC(50%乙酸乙酯/50%己烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干并用30g硅胶进行快速色谱(Merck,9385级,230-400目,60A),用25%乙酸乙酯/75%己烷洗脱得到0.237g粘稠的黄色油,其在TLC上显示一个斑点。将该产物用于下一步骤。步骤5
向10ml DMF中加入0.36g(1mmol)
D和0.18g(2mmol)3-甲氧基丙胺。于室温下加入0.23mL TEA。将混合物室温搅拌16小时。用TLC(10%甲醇/90%二氯甲烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干并用12g硅胶进行快速色谱,从2%甲醇/二氯甲烷开始,然后逐渐增加至4%甲醇/二氯甲烷,得到0.1g黄色油,其在TLC上显示一个斑点。将该产物用于下一步骤。步骤6
向5ml二氯甲烷中加入0.1g(0.27mmol)
E和0.0853g(0.30mmol)N-(2-甲基)-N’-(4’-乙酸)二苯基脲(仅部分溶解)。加入0.056mL(0.34mmol)DIEA并将混合物室温搅拌15分钟得到透明的黄色溶液。加入0.058g(0.30mmol)EDAC并将混合物搅拌3小时。用TLC(10%甲醇/90%二氯甲烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干,用90g硅胶进行快速色谱,用1%甲醇/二氯甲烷开始然后增加至5%甲醇/二氯甲烷,得到0.113g白色泡沫。步骤7
向21ml THF和8ml水中加入0.36g(0.57mmol)
F。于5分钟内滴加溶于1ml水的0.36g(0.86mmol)氢氧化锂并将混合物室温搅拌2小时。用TLC(10%甲醇/二氯甲烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干并用20g硅胶进行快速色谱,用100%二氯甲烷至5%甲醇/二氯甲烷洗脱得到0.36g白色粉末状标题化合物。
mp:118-120℃
OR:-33.6°,DMSO(10mg/mL)
向250ml甲醇中加入50g(280.8mmol)4-二甲氧基肉桂酸和2ml浓硫酸。将混合物回流6小时。用TLC(70/30,乙酸乙酯/己烷)监测反应。蒸除约30ml甲醇。将混合物冷却至室温,然后结晶,过滤,用水洗涤并干燥得到49.23g所需产物。步骤2
向300ml THF中加入10.99g(52mmol)(R)-(+)-N-苄基-α-甲基苄基胺。将混合物冷却至0℃然后在30分钟内滴加32.5mL(52mmol)正丁基锂(1.6M的己烷溶液)。将混合物继续搅拌30分钟。将反应液冷却至-78℃。然后在1小时内滴加溶于100ml THF的5g(26mmol)4-甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯。将混合物于-78℃搅拌30分钟,然后保持在-78℃,缓慢加入25ml饱和氯化铵溶液,然后将混合物升温至室温,用盐水洗涤,然后浓缩至干。用TLC(50/50乙酸乙酯/己烷)监测反应。将混合物用180g硅胶(Merck,9385级,230-400目,60A)进行快速色谱得到9.738g粘稠的浅黄色油(用乙酸乙酯/己烷重结晶得到白色结晶)。步骤3
将7.74g(19.2mmol)B加入到250ml甲醇、25ml水和0.75ml乙酸中。加入1g Pearlman’s催化剂(Pd(OH)2)。使用氢气囊,将混合物在氢气氛下室温回流16小时。用TLC(5%甲醇/二氯甲烷)监测反应。将混合物用硅藻土过滤,用甲醇洗涤,然后浓缩至干。向干燥的产物中加入二氯甲烷并将其用由饱和碳酸氢钠调至碱性的盐水洗涤。将混合物浓缩至于并用150g硅胶(230-400目)进行快速色谱,用1-4%甲醇/二氯甲烷洗脱得到3.4g粘稠的浅黄色油(用乙酸乙酯/己烷重结晶得到白色结晶)。步骤4
向25ml二氯甲烷中加入0.8g(3.82mmol)
C和0.62ml(4.4mmol)TEA。将混合物搅拌10分钟,然后将混合物冷却至0℃。在15分钟内滴加0.38mL(4.4mmol)溴乙酰溴的5ml二氯甲烷溶液。将混合物搅拌3小时,然后将混合物升温至室温。用TLC(50%乙酸乙酯/50%己烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干并用30g硅胶进行快速色谱(Merck,9385级,230-400目,60A),用25%乙酸乙酯/75%己烷洗脱得到0.13g粘稠的黄色油,其在TLC上显示一个斑点。将该产物用于下一步骤。步骤5
向70ml DMF中加入1.3g(3.94mmol)
D和0.667g(7.49mmol)3-甲氧基丙胺。于室温下加入0.105mL(7.49mmol)TEA。将混合物室温搅拌16小时。用TLC(10%甲醇/90%二氯甲烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干并用75g硅胶进行快速色谱,从2%甲醇/二氯甲烷开始,然后逐渐增加至4%甲醇/二氯甲烷,得到1.29g黄色油,其在TLC上显示一个斑点。将该产物用于下一步骤。步骤6
向30ml二氯甲烷中加入0.72g(2.1mmol)
E和0.739g(2.6mmol)N-(2-甲基)-N’-(4’-乙酸)二苯基脲(仅部分溶解)。加入0.46mL(2.6mmol)DIEA并将混合物室温搅拌15分钟得到透明黄色溶液。加入0.499g(2.6mmol)EDAC并将混合物搅拌3小时。用TLC(10%甲醇/90%二氯甲烷)监测反应。将混合物浓缩至干,用90g硅胶进行快速色谱,用1%甲醇/二氯甲烷开始然后增加至5%甲醇/二氯甲烷,得到0.920g白色泡沫。步骤7
向30ml乙醇和8ml水中加入0.90g(1.49mmol)
F。向混合物中加入0.057g(1.42mmol)氢氧化钠的1ml水溶液。将混合物室温搅拌3.5小时。将混合物过滤然后干燥得到0.720g白色固体状标题化合物。
mp:216-118℃(分解)
OR:-21.069°,在DMSO中(5.3mg/mL)
实施例5
化合物 | Ra | T | R2 | R4 | m.p.(℃) |
(a) | CH3 | NH | (CH2)4OCH3 | 3,4-二甲氧基苯基 | 114-117(dec) |
(b) | CH3 | NH | (CH2)4OCH3 | 苯基 | 116-118(dec) |
(c) | CH3 | CH2 | (CH2)3OCH3 | 4-甲氧基苯基 | 127-130(dec) |
(d) | H | NH | (CH2)3OCH3 | 苯基 | 107-111(dec) |
(e) | Cl | NH | (CH2)3OCH3 | 苯基 | 118-122 |
(f) | NH2 | NH | (CH2)3OCH3 | 苯基 | 105-109(dec) |
Claims (17)
1.式Ⅰ化合物或其可药用盐其中R1是烷基、链烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基稠合的环烷基、环烯基、芳基、芳基取代的烷基(芳烷基)、芳基取代的链烯基或炔基、环烷基取代的烷基、环烯基取代的环烷基、联芳基、烷氧基、链烯氧基、炔氧基、芳基取代的烷氧基(芳烷氧基)、芳基取代的链烯氧基或炔氧基、烷基氨基、链烯基氨基或炔基氨基、芳基取代的烷基氨基、芳基取代的链烯基氨基或炔基氨基、芳氧基、芳基氨基、N-烷基脲基取代的烷基、N-芳基脲基取代的烷基、烷基羰基氨基取代的烷基、氨基羰基取代的烷基、杂环基、杂环基取代的烷基、杂环基取代的氨基、羧基烷基取代的芳烷基、氧代碳环基稠合的芳基或杂环基烷基;R2是(CH2)q-V-(CH2)q’-Vr-R8;R3是H、烷基、链烯基、芳基或杂芳基;R4是H、芳基、烷基、环烷基、链烯基、环烯基、炔基和芳基取代的烷基、杂环基、杂环基羰基、氨基羰基、酰氨基、单或二烷基氨基羰基、单或二芳基氨基羰基、烷基芳基氨基羰基、二芳基氨基羰基、单或二酰基氨基羰基、芳族或脂族酰基、或被选自氨基、羟基、巯基、单或二烷基氨基、单或二芳基氨基、烷基芳基氨基、二芳基氨基、单或二酰基氨基、烷氧基、链烯氧基、芳氧基、硫代烷氧基、硫代链烯氧基、硫代炔氧基、硫代芳氧基和杂环基的取代基任选地取代的烷基;R5是烷基、链烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烯基、芳基、芳基取代的烷基、芳基取代的链烯基,或炔基;被选自氨基、卤素、羟基、巯基、单或二烷基氨基、单或二芳基氨基、烷基芳基氨基、单或二酰基氨基、烷氧基、链烯氧基、芳氧基、硫代烷氧基、硫代链烯氧基、硫代炔氧基、硫代芳氧基和杂环基的取代基任选地取代的烷基;R6是烷基、链烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烯基、芳烷基、芳基取代的链烯基或炔基、羟基取代的烷基、烷氧基取代的烷基、芳烷氧基取代的烷基、氨基取代的烷基、(芳基取代的烷氧羰基氨基)取代的烷基、巯基取代的烷基、烷基磺酰基取代的烷基、(羟基取代的烷硫基)取代的烷基、硫代烷氧基取代的烷基、酰基氨基取代的烷基、烷基磺酰基氨基取代的烷基、芳基磺酰基氨基取代的烷基、吗啉代-烷基、硫代吗啉代-烷基、吗啉代羰基取代的烷基、硫代吗啉代羰基取代的烷基、[N-(烷基、链烯基或炔基)-或N,N-(二烷基、二链烯基或二炔基)-氨基]羰基取代的烷基、羧基取代的烷基、二烷基氨基取代的酰基氨基烷基;或选自精氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、S-甲基半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸及其相应的亚砜和砜衍生物、甘氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、别-异亮氨酸、叔亮氨酸、正亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、鸟氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酰胺、缬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、天冬氨酸、β-氰基丙氨酸和别苏氨酸的氨基酸侧链;R7和R8彼此独立地是H、烷基、链烯基、碳环芳基、杂芳基或被1-3个选自氨基、羟基、巯基、单或二烷基氨基、单或二芳基氨基、烷基芳基氨基、二芳基氨基、单或二酰基氨基、烷氧基、链烯氧基、芳氧基、硫代烷氧基、硫代链烯氧基、硫代炔氧基、硫代芳氧基和杂环基的取代基取代的烷基、链烯基、碳环芳基或杂芳基;或者R2和R6与它们所连接的原子合在一起可以形成杂环;V是O、NH、S,SO或SO2;X是CO2R5、PO3H、SO2R5、SO3H、OPO3H、CO2H或CON(R4)2;W是CH或N;Y是CO、SO2或PO2;Z是(CH2)n’、CHR6或NR7;n和n’是0-4;m是1-4;p是1-4;q和q’是1-5;r是0或1。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是芳基。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中R1是N-芳基脲基取代的苯基。
4.权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的化合物,其中R4是H、烷基、链烯基、碳环芳基或杂芳基。
5.权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的化合物,其中X是CO2H或CO2烷基。
7.权利要求6的化合物,其中R1是芳基;R2是甲氧基-正丙基;R3是H;R4是链烯基或芳基;X是CO2H;n是0并且W是CH。
8.根据权利要求1所述的式Ⅰb化合物或其可药用盐
其中R1是N-芳基脲基苯基;
R2是C1-C4烷基-氧基-C2-C4烷基;
R3是H;
R4是H、C1-C4-烷基、C2-C4-链烯基或碳环芳基;
n是1或2;
m是1、2或3;
X是COOH或CO2R5;且
R5是任选地取代的低级烷基。
9.权利要求8的化合物,其中:
R1是N-(任选地取代的苯基)-脲基苯基;
R2是甲氧基丙基;
R3是H;
R4是C2-C4-链烯基或任选地取代的苯基;
n是1;
m是1;且
X是COOH。
11.式Ⅰc化合物或其可药用盐:其中Ra是H、CH3、Cl或NH2;R2是(CH2)3OCH3或(CH2)4OCH3;R4是-(CH)=(CH)-CH3、苯基、4-甲氧基苯基或3,4-二甲氧基苯基;且T是NH或CH2。
12.用作药物的前述权利要求中任意一项所述的化合物。
13.一种药物组合物,含有权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的化合物作为活性成分并且任选地含有可药用载体。
14.权利要求13的药物组合物,用于VLA-4拮抗作用。
15.权利要求13的药物组合物,用于治疗炎症、免疫或自身免疫疾病。
16.权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的化合物在制备用于治疗由VLA-4介导的疾病的药物中的用途。
17.权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的化合物在制备用于治疗炎症、免疫或自身免疫疾病的药物中的用途。
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US1233698A | 1998-01-23 | 1998-01-23 | |
US09/012,336 | 1998-01-23 | ||
US11072398P | 1998-12-03 | 1998-12-03 | |
US60/110,723 | 1998-12-03 |
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CN99803780A Pending CN1294576A (zh) | 1998-01-23 | 1999-01-21 | Vla-4拮抗剂 |
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JP (1) | JP4564654B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20010034317A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1294576A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU746174B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9907733A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2318639A1 (zh) |
EE (1) | EE200000428A (zh) |
HU (1) | HUP0100336A3 (zh) |
ID (1) | ID26665A (zh) |
IL (1) | IL137329A0 (zh) |
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WO2000043369A1 (en) * | 1999-01-22 | 2000-07-27 | Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compounds which inhibit leukocyte adhesion mediated by vla-4 |
IL143929A0 (en) | 1999-01-22 | 2002-04-21 | Elan Pharm Inc | Acyl derivatives which treat vla-4 related disorders |
US6436904B1 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2002-08-20 | Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compounds which inhibit leukocyte adhesion mediated by VLA-4 |
AU3246600A (en) | 1999-03-01 | 2000-09-21 | Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Alpha-aminoacetic acid derivatives useful as alpha 4 beta 7 receptor antagonists |
AU3006401A (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-18 | Novartis Ag | Vla-4 integrin antagonists |
JP2003519697A (ja) | 1999-12-28 | 2003-06-24 | ファイザー・プロダクツ・インク | 炎症性疾患、自己免疫疾患および呼吸器疾患の処置に有用な非ペプチド系のvla−4依存性細胞結合阻害薬 |
DE10019755A1 (de) * | 2000-04-20 | 2001-11-08 | Bayer Ag | Neue Aminoaryl/cycloalkylcarbonsäuren als Integrinantagonisten |
GB2367816A (en) * | 2000-10-09 | 2002-04-17 | Bayer Ag | Urea- and thiourea-containing derivatives of beta-amino acids |
GB2369357A (en) * | 2000-10-09 | 2002-05-29 | Bayer Ag | Aliphatic, cyclic amino carboxylic acids as integrin antagonists |
GB2377933A (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-29 | Bayer Ag | Succinic acid derivatives useful as integrin antagonists |
TW200307671A (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2003-12-16 | Elan Pharm Inc | Heteroaryl compounds which inhibit leukocyte adhesion mediated by α 4 integrins |
TWI281470B (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2007-05-21 | Elan Pharm Inc | Heterocyclic compounds which inhibit leukocyte adhesion mediated by alpha4 integrins |
TW200610754A (en) * | 2004-06-14 | 2006-04-01 | Daiichi Seiyaku Co | Vla-4 inhibitor |
GB0523576D0 (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2005-12-28 | Theradeas Ltd | Drug composition and its use in therapy |
EP2510941A3 (en) | 2007-02-20 | 2013-01-23 | Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of treating multiple sclerosis by administration of alpha-fetoprotein in combination with an integrin antagonist |
EP2860260A1 (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2015-04-15 | Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Human serum albumin linkers and conjugates thereof |
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AU746174B2 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
NO20003694L (no) | 2000-09-20 |
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JP2002501039A (ja) | 2002-01-15 |
HUP0100336A3 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
IL137329A0 (en) | 2001-07-24 |
EP1049665A1 (en) | 2000-11-08 |
EE200000428A (et) | 2001-12-17 |
WO1999037605A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
CA2318639A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
NO20003694D0 (no) | 2000-07-19 |
KR20010034317A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
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