CN1289812C - 竖轴风力涡轮机 - Google Patents

竖轴风力涡轮机 Download PDF

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CN1289812C
CN1289812C CNB018216994A CN01821699A CN1289812C CN 1289812 C CN1289812 C CN 1289812C CN B018216994 A CNB018216994 A CN B018216994A CN 01821699 A CN01821699 A CN 01821699A CN 1289812 C CN1289812 C CN 1289812C
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blade
wind turbine
wind
rotor
value
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CN1502011A (zh
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L·尼基廷斯
M·斯泰克林
A·谢尔拜莱
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Well Tech Foundation
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LATVIA ECOLOGIC CO Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/215—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the panemone or "vehicle ventilator" type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及风力工程，即，涉及旋转风力发动机，该发动机可用于风力发电机或其他将风能转化为电能的设备。本发明的目的是提高风力发动机的效率和功率，增加转子的启动加速度。风力发动机包括带有动力元件的转子1，动力元件设计成二组对称设置的气动叶栅组2和3的形式，每一组有益地由四个叶片4组成，这些叶片设计成叶轮式配置。气动叶栅组2和3安装在中心竖轴5上。叶栅叶型4为亚音速气动叶型。而且，以叶轮式配置的叶栅叶型的参数具有下面的数值：叶片间距-0.5<i>b</i>；叶栅组的安放角-0°；叶栅叶片偏移量-0.5<i>b</i>；遮蔽因子的值-≤0.5；其中：<i>b</i>-叶型的弦值。

Description

竖轴风力涡轮机
本发明涉及风力工程，即，涉及竖轴风力涡轮机，该涡轮机可用于风力发电机或其他将风能转化为电能的设备。
风力涡轮机转子的现有技术可以从申请号为2135824，IPC6为F03D7/06，申请日为1996年10月9日，公布日期为1999年8月27日的俄罗斯联邦专利申请获知。已知的风力涡轮机转子包含二个安装在竖轴上的S-形叶片。S-形叶片被紧固到可旋转的平行横臂上，而横臂与竖轴刚性连接。并且，叶片的紧固点沿着叶片的对称轴排列，位于叶片的重心之后，且方向偏离于S-形叶片的顶点。
上述已知的竖轴风力涡轮机的缺点在于：旋转设计复杂，功率范围低，效率相对较低。
另一种具有竖轴的竖轴风力涡轮机可以从申请号为2096259，IPC6为B63H13/00，申请日为1993年11月15日，公布日期为1997年11月22日的俄罗斯联邦专利申请获知(原型)。这种涡轮机具有上、下圆盘形垫圈和叶片转动机构。垫圈轴线沿着旋转竖轴排列。在叶片的下端面紧固有定位器，与所述垫圈上的孔相匹配。所述叶片转动机构包含固定到转子轴上并设置在下垫圈上的元件。
所述已知的竖轴风力涡轮机的缺点在于：可靠性低，功率范围低，效率不够高。
本发明的目的是通过提供转子的高转速来提高效率和功率，并增加转子的启动加速度。
本发明提供的竖轴风力涡轮机包含带有动力元件的转子，例如固定到竖轴上的叶片形式的转子，其特征在于：动力元件设计成气动叶栅组的形式，并将叶栅的叶片设置成叶轮式配置，主要形式是二排对称设置的气动叶片组，每一排包含四个叶片。
建议将叶栅叶片设计成亚音速(subsonic)气动叶片。此外，还建议将叶轮式配置的叶片的参数值设计在以下范围：
-叶片间距(lead)-0.4～0.6b；
-叶栅组安放角-0～5°；
-叶栅叶片偏移量-0.4～0.6b；
-遮蔽因子值-0.3～0.5；
其中：b-叶型的弦值。
通过下面针对本发明的实施方式进行的详细说明并参考附图可以更加清楚地理解本发明，附图中：
图1是说明叶片的叶栅结构的示意图。
图2是风力涡轮机转子的俯视图；和
图3为叶型(blade profile)。
风力涡轮机包含带有动力元件的转子1，动力元件设计成二组对称设置的气动叶栅组2和3的形式，每一组有益地由四个叶片4组成，这些叶片设计成叶轮式配置。气动叶栅组2和3安装在中心竖轴5上。叶型为亚音速气动叶型(图3)。建议设计的旋转叶栅风力涡轮机的效率通过选择叶片间距(γ)、叶栅组的安放角(φp)、叶栅叶片偏移量(x)、遮蔽因子的值(K3)、和叶型的弦值(b)来确定。所述参数值的设定范围可以为：
-叶片间距-0.4～0.6b；
-叶栅组的安放角-0～5°；
-叶栅叶片偏移量-0.4～0.6b；
-遮蔽因子的值-0.3～0.5；
其中：b-叶型的弦值。
但在装配有亚音速气动叶型的模型的测试过程中，设定的所述参数的优化值如下：
-γ＝0.5b；
-φp＝0°；
-x＝0.5b；
-K3≤0.5；
叶型的弦值(b)根据叶型的数量(Z)、选择的遮蔽因子的值(K3)、和风力涡轮机转子的直径(D)确定。叶栅组的数量优化为2，但每个组中叶型数量(Z)的优化范围不超过4。如果遮蔽因子的值K3≤0.5，则可以确定风力涡轮机的叶栅气动组的数量。根据强度及功率因素的要求，最适宜的组数量等于2或3。
旋转叶栅风力涡轮机最有效的应用是作为大功率风车，风车尺寸为：直径D≥(6～10)m；高度H＝(1.0～1.5)D。
在优化操作模式下，一排气动叶型的单位功率( N)可在实验基础上推导出：
Figure C0182169900051
其中：
N-二组中的一组的总功率；
S-二组中的一组叶片的总面积；
Un 3-二组中的一组叶片的圆周速度(m/sec)；
ρ-空气密度(kg/m3)；
α-叶栅叶型的气动特性的效率因子；该因子在对装配有特定叶型的风力涡轮机进行全面测试的过程中确定。
风力涡轮机转子在风力发电机或其他设备(未示出)的作用下旋转，保证将风能转化为电能或机械能。
风力涡轮机装配的叶栅部分为叶轮式配置的气动叶型，根据对模型的测试结果，得出：
-由于更有效地使用了叶轮式配置的叶型的气动特性，所以能显著增加风力涡轮机的效率；实际应用中效率大于0.8(ξmax≥0.8)；
-由于使转子保持特定速度，将遮蔽因子的值K3的变动范围增加到K3≤0.5替代现有技术的竖轴风力涡轮机中的K3≤0.3，所以能增加风力涡轮机的功率；
-由于使用了叶轮式叶栅结构，所以能增加风力涡轮机的启动加速度。
通过改善亚音速叶型的气动特性，可以进一步提高风力涡轮机的动力参数。利用叶片的机械装置，例如使用前缘襟翼、后缘襟翼、边界层排放设备等，可将所述亚音速叶型用在风力涡轮机的叶轮式叶栅中。
由于所述风力涡轮机可被制造并广泛用于风车产品中，将风能转化为电能或机械能，所以本发明的竖轴风力涡轮机具备工业实用性。

Claims (2)

1、一种包含转子的竖轴风力涡轮机，所述转子带有固定到竖轴上的叶片形式的动力元件，其特征在于：该动力元件设计成气动叶栅组的形式，并将叶栅的叶片设置成叶轮式配置，且叶栅叶型设计成亚音速气动叶片的形式，但以叶轮式配置的叶片的参数值在以下范围之内：
-叶片间距-0.4～0.6b；
-叶栅组的安放角-0～5°；
-叶栅叶片偏移量-0.4～0.6b；
-遮蔽因子值-0.3～0.5；
其中：b-叶型的弦值。
2、如权利要求1所述的竖轴风力涡轮机，其特征在于：涡轮机转子包含二排对称设置的气动叶片组，每一排包含四个叶片。
CNB018216994A 2001-01-05 2001-11-14 竖轴风力涡轮机 Expired - Fee Related CN1289812C (zh)

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BRPI0600613B1 (pt) 2006-03-14 2015-08-11 Tecsis Tecnologia E Sist S Avançados S A Pá multielementos com perfis aerodinâmicos
HUP0700705A2 (en) * 2007-10-30 2009-10-28 Viktor Dr Gyoergyi Vertical axis wind turbine and power station
CL2008000359A1 (es) * 2008-02-05 2009-10-02 Entechnology Funds Llc Turbina eolica del tipo de eje de rotor vertical con dos bloques o conjuntos aerodinamicos de palas donde cada bloque o conjunto de palas incluye una pluralidad de palas aerodinamicas subsonicas, además incluye dos brazos que se extienden desde el eje del rotor hasta cada uno de los bloques o conjuntos de pala.
EP2128439A1 (en) 2008-05-27 2009-12-02 Syneola SA An intelligent decentralized electrical power generation system
DE102008038620A1 (de) * 2008-06-27 2009-12-31 Powerblades Gmbh Verfahren und Fertigungsform zur Fertigung eines Rotorblattes für eine Windenergieanlage
CN101975139A (zh) * 2010-11-15 2011-02-16 王文清 鳞次组合叶片
MX2017000146A (es) * 2014-07-03 2017-05-30 Coolbrook Oy Proceso y reactor tipo maquina rotativa.
CN105673331B (zh) * 2016-02-23 2018-06-19 河北科技大学 一种自动调向式永磁直驱风力发电机
WO2020219001A1 (ru) * 2019-04-22 2020-10-29 Владимир Степанович СУХИН Ветроэнергетическая установка ортогонального типа
RU191762U1 (ru) * 2019-06-04 2019-08-21 Владимир Степанович Сухин Ветроэнергетическая установка ортогонального типа
RU2716635C1 (ru) * 2019-06-04 2020-03-13 Владимир Степанович Сухин Ветроэнергетическая установка ортогонального типа

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