CN1283258A - 无级变速传动的驱动机构 - Google Patents

无级变速传动的驱动机构 Download PDF

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CN1283258A
CN1283258A CN98812600A CN98812600A CN1283258A CN 1283258 A CN1283258 A CN 1283258A CN 98812600 A CN98812600 A CN 98812600A CN 98812600 A CN98812600 A CN 98812600A CN 1283258 A CN1283258 A CN 1283258A
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axle
dish
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CN1157546C (zh
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C·J·格林伍德
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Torotrak Development Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H15/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/32Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line
    • F16H15/36Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface
    • F16H15/38Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface with two members B having hollow toroid surfaces opposite to each other, the member or members A being adjustably mounted between the surfaces

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种无级变速传动装置的驱动机构,其中一相关柔性件(32)将盘(14)中的一个或另一个连于轴(10),从而提供一定程度的轴挠曲,而不使圆环形凹槽的变形。

Description

无级变速传动的驱动机构
本发明涉及圆环形滚道滚动摩擦型无级变速比传动装置,以下称为无级变速器。
在该装置中,采用一主轴,它自例如一内燃机将传动传输到二个安装于该轴上的输入盘。二个输出盘背对背地安装在输入盘之间,并相对于该轴自由转动。
在该装置中,将运动自输入盘经多个安置圆环形凹槽内的滚子传输到输出盘,这些凹槽设置在输入盘和输出盘之间。
单凹槽无级变速器也是公知的,其中,单个输入盘可转动地安装在一输入轴上,单个输出盘以这样方式面对输入盘,使它们共同界定一圆环形凹槽,多个动力传递滚子处在该凹槽内。虽然这种装置不太可能遭遇本文所提出的问题,然而应当理解,本发明可应用于这种单凹槽装置。
这些滚子经一端部负荷装置承受液压力,使它们与相应的输入和输出盘的表面接触,以便自输入盘将动力传递给输出盘。该动力自输出盘,例如经一链传动装置传输到其它传动装置,如一行星变速箱。
该装置通过该链对该轴施加一横向负荷,且以高动力传输值能使该轴挠曲。挠曲的程度较小,但具有势能,对该两输出盘的位置产生明显的效应,这能引起某些滚子上的负荷增大,即施加一压碎效应,而某些其它滚子上的负荷会减小,因而不允许自该输入盘由将驱动传输给输出盘。
可以理解,该轴挠曲的效应事实上是在输入盘和输出盘之间的圆环形凹槽的一种变形。
可将上述问题的解决方案概括为接受较小程度的轴挠曲,并在安装这些盘时提供某些顺应度,以便当该轴承受挠曲时,使这些盘能在彼此平行的平面内转动,从而保持这些凹槽的形状。
本发明试图提供一种传输装置,其中,一个或多个盘以这样方式安装在该轴上,使它与该轴一起转动,但能采取一个不同于正交的转动平面。
因此,本发明提供一种无级变速器传动装置,包括一个输入轴;一个或多个安装在该轴上与其一起转动的输入盘;一个输出盘组装件;该或这些输入盘和该输出盘组装件在它们之间界定一个或多个圆环形凹槽。若干滚子配置在该凹槽内;以及用以施加一端部负荷压力以保持这些滚子与相应的盘接触从而传输驱动的装置,其特点为这些盘中的一个通过一个较柔性的中间件安装在该轴上。
可将该较柔性中间件在一内径向部件固定于一轴套,而该轴套固定于该轴,以便与其一起转动。
例如,该轴套可以用花键连接,因此它与该轴一起转动,并相对于该轴轴向移动。
该柔性件经一夹紧环固定于该轴套。
该柔性件在一外径向部位可固定于一连接环。
该连接环可设有一此凸起,与在上述一个盘上的相应凹口相啮合;或者,该盘可设有一些突起,与连接环上的相应凹口相啮合。
该柔性件通过一外夹紧环可固定在所述外径向部位。
可将一反作用盘安装在该轴上,该反作用盘具有二组或多组销,所述几组销中的一组经该柔性件上的公隙孔延伸,与所述一个盘的表面接触,所述另外几组销中的一组销在一内径向部位与该柔性件接合。
该装置可包括一紧固螺母组装件,它用螺纹安装在该轴上,以迫使该反作用盘通过所述几组销中的相应一组与所述一个盘接触。
可将所述另一个盘安装在该轴上,与其一起转动,并可设有凸肩装置,以防止轴向移动。
可将该输出盘组装件安装在具有部分球形配合工作表面的轴承装置上,从而允许该盘组装件相对于该轴转动,并采取一个不是与该轴正交的转动平面。
在上述进展中,该柔性件可固定于该端部负荷机构的反作用盘。
在上述进展中,该柔性件通过螺栓或铆钉结构也可固定于该反作用盘和轴套。
在任一种结构中,该柔性件可通过螺栓或铆钉结构固定于该盘。
在又一个进展中,取任何结构的柔性件可被预成形或预加载,使得在施加端部负荷时,它基本上垂直于所述轴的轴线。
现在参照附图,更加详细地说明本发明,其中:
图1表示能应用本发明的这种无级变速比传动装置的简图;
图2表示本发明的盘组装件的一种结构形式的分解图;
图3是沿图2A-A线所取的剖面图;
图4是沿图2B-B线所取的剖面图;
图5和6是本发明盘组装件的另一结构形式的剖面图。
参照这些附图,它们表示一个无级变速比传动装置,即无级变速器,包括一输入轴10,二个输入盘12、14,二个输出盘16、18,二组配置在圆环形凹槽24、26内的滚子20、20和一个安装在该二输出盘16、18上的链传动装置28,其中圆环形凹槽24、26在输入和输出盘之间形成。
二输出盘12、14例如经花键与轴10连接随其一起转动,而输出盘16、18相对于轴10自由转动。
该输入盘14能有限的轴向移动,而盘12经轴10上的未示的凸肩避免在轴上轴向移动。
盘14如图1所示承受通过液压向左操作的负荷,使滚子组20、22与输入和输出盘的圆环形表面保持接触,从而允许自例如内燃机的动力源经链传动装置28将传动传输到车辆传动装置的另一组件,如行星齿轮变速箱。
可以理解,链传动装置28可对轴10施加一弯曲负荷,因此,圆环形凹槽24、26的形状可以变形。从而便会理解,某些滚子20、22上的负荷将增加,而其余滚子上的负荷会降低。
某些滚子上的负荷增加由于在滚子中产生过高的应力可能是不能接受的,而在其余滚子上的负荷降低由于在输入和输出盘之间会出现滑动可能会降低输入和输出盘之间的传动效率。
为防止或显著减小由施加于轴10的弯曲负荷产生的圆环形凹槽24、26变形效果,本发明提出了一种结构,它允许输入和输出盘采用一些当发生弯曲时基本保持彼此平行的平面。
参照图2、3和4,那里表示一组装件30,它允许盘14与轴10安装成和其一起转动,以传输传动,但也允许该盘的旋转平面不与轴10正交,即不与其垂直。
该组装件30包括一个相关的柔性件,如一膜片32,它通过一夹紧环36和一些螺丝38在内径向部位固定于一花键轴套34,该花键轴套34穿过盘14中央的一公隙孔。在这特殊结构中,该相关柔性件由弹簧钢板(如符合英国工业标准1449的弹簧钢:CS80)制成一冲压件。然而,精通本技术的人员会提出其它适合的供选择的方案。
轴套34可在轴10上形成的花键上轴向移动,而轴管34的轴向移动受在轴10上形成的凸肩40的限制。如图3和6中所示,在该盘和轴之间设有一间隙G,从而调节所希望的相对运动。
在外径向部位,膜片32用夹紧环44和一些螺丝46固定于一连接环42。
连接环42在其圆周上制有矩形齿48,它能与设置在盘14的圆周上的相应齿50例如以犬牙接合方法啮合。齿48与齿50的啮合能将传动自膜片32传输到盘14,同时使盘14相对于轴10固定。当然,可以理解,该盘可设有一些凸起,它可与连接环的相应凹口啮合。
一圆形反作用盘52安装在轴10上,并装有两组销54、56,这些销相反安装在盘52上的埋头孔内。每组包括二个销,但若需要,可采用更多销。
组装件30用一螺母次组件62预加载,后者包括一螺母64和一用螺栓连接于螺母64的锁紧盘66。
-Belleville垫圈安置在螺母64和盘52之间。
螺母64的转动将压力经Belleville垫圈施加于盘52,从而使销56与夹紧环36上的孔接合,这样,盘52与膜片32一起转动。
同时,穿示膜片32上的公隙孔的销54与盘14的后面接触。
一当该组装件被这样预加热,夹紧环66被固定就位,防止螺母64转动。
可以理解,盘14被这样预加载,使凹槽26内的滚子22接触输入盘14和输入盘18。
还可理解,由于连接环42的齿48与盘14圆周面上的齿50接合,便能将传动自轴10传输到盘14。
组装件30也包括一壳体68和一端盖70,后者由未示出的装置保持就位。
轴10包括一进口72,允许液压作用于由盘14的后面和盘52的前面界定的空间。膜片32设有孔口,使液压流体能充满该空间。所施加的液压负荷迫使轴套34与凸肩40进入接触,使盘14和膜片32之间存在间隙。
该组装件设有密封装置S,以便将该液压流体包含在所希望的容积内。
因此,可以理解,当轴10经受挠曲时,该相关柔性膜片32随着盘14转动便能挠曲,从而允许将传动自轴10连续地传输到盘14,但仍保持该圆环形凹槽26的形状。
除了盘14被这样安装外,盘12也能以通常的方式,如通过一花键结构和一止挡来安装,以防止盘12和图1所示朝左侧移得太远,这样,当轴10经受挠曲时,盘12的平面会与轴10的旋转轴线保持正交。很清楚,人们可以按就盘14所述的同样方式来安装盘12。
通过将这些盘安装在一轴承上,可为输出盘16、18提供顺应性,在该轴承中,配合工作的表面为部分球形,从而允许输出盘16、18采用一个不同于与轴10的旋转轴线正交的转动平面。
可以理解,上述结构可被逆变,使输入盘12,14变为输出盘,而这些输出盘变为输入盘。此外,也可理解,本发明可应用于一单凹槽无级变速器,其中轴承座能使轴挠曲成为可能。还会进一步理解,当采用双凹槽无级变速器时,若那样希望,人们可能会对输出和输入盘两者提供一挠曲驱动装置。
上述方案的一个替代方案示于图5和6中,它们分别为不略微不同的角度所取的横剖面图,以充分图示该挠曲驱动部件。在该结构中,相同的部件赋以和图3和4中所示相同的标号,而无须在此中进一步提出。
在该替代结构中,盘14仍然通过相关柔性件32安装,但该件以稍微不同的方式固定。例如,该件的外端通过盲铆钉100固定于该盘,该铆钉的作用是将在一对夹紧环102、104之间的柔性件32固定于盘14。若干这样的铆钉沿圆周间隔分布在件32的外周,并共同提供足够的强度,以确保该连接件两侧的扭矩的传输。该件32的内端再次固定于花键套,但这还固定于反作用盘52。在该特定的例子中,若干螺栓106穿过轴套34、柔性件32进入反作用盘52,在反作用管内,设有螺纹部103,以接受螺栓106上的匹配螺纹110。可采用一可逆结构,其中螺栓穿过该反作用盘,可通过带螺纹的螺丝与轴套34接合。在一优选的结构中,将该柔性件预成形或预加载,使得当施加端部负荷时,它采取一个基本上垂直于该轴的位置,若该轴承受弯曲才偏离该位置。事实上,该结构是这样的,在静止时,图5该柔性件的中心部位和轴套34向该凹槽位移一个量,这个量等于一旦施加液压端部负荷后盘14所移过的量。图5的结构表示处在与全液压端部负荷相应的位置,而反应盘52表示自盘14移离。使它直至靠在锁紧螺母64上。在施加液压端部负荷之前,弹簧68起作用面对该盘加载,在这样做时,在该反作用盘和锁紧螺母64之间产生一小间隙(未示)。正是这个间隙,它提供了当施加液压端部负荷时所需要的位移。

Claims (18)

1.一种无级变速器传动装置,包括一根输入轴、一个或多个安装在该轴与其一起转动的输入盘,一个输出盘组装件,该输入盘和输出盘组装件在它们之间界定一个或多个圆环形凹槽,若干配置在该凹槽内的滚子和用以施加一端部压力以保持滚子和相应的盘相接触从而传输传动的装置,其特征在于这些盘中的一个经一中间相关柔性件安装于该轴上。
2.按权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于该相关的柔性件在一内径向部位固定于一轴套,而该轴套固定于该轴,可与其一起转动。
3.按权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于该轴套制有花键,使它可与该轴一起转动,且相对于该轴可轴向移动。
4.按权利要求1至3之一所述的装置,其特征在于该相关柔性件经一夹紧环固定于该轴套。
5.按权利要求1至4所述的装置,其特征在于该柔性件一外径向部位可固定于一连接环。
6.按权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于该连接环包括一些突直,而所述盘包括相应的凹口,使这些突起能与所述盘中的一个上的相应凹口相啮合。
7.按权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于该盘包括一些突起,而该连接环包括相应的凹口,使这些突起能与该连接环上的相应凹口相啮合。
8.按权利要求1至7中之一所述的装置,其特征在于该相关柔性件经一外夹紧环固定在所述外径向部位。
9.按权利要求1至8所述的装置,其特征在于还包括一个安装在该轴上的反作用盘,该反作用盘具有二组或多组销,所述几组销中一组可穿过该柔性件中的公隙孔,以接触所述盘中之一的一个表面,所述几组销中的另一组销子在一内径向部位接合该相关柔性件。
10.按权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于还包括一个夹紧螺母组装件,它通过螺纹连接安装在该轴上,以借助所述组销中的相应一组通该反作用盘与这些盘中的所述一个进入接触。
11.按权利要求1至9之一所述的装置,其特征在于所述盘中的另一个安装成与该轴一起转动,并包含凸肩装置,以防止轴向位移。
12.按权利要求1至11所述的装置,其特征在于该输出盘组装件安装在轴承装置上,后者具有部分球形配合工作面,从而允许该盘组装件相对于该轴传动,且采用取一个不与该轴正交的转动平面。
13.按权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于该柔性件固定于该端部负荷机构的反作用盘。
14.按权利要求13所述的装置,其特征在于该柔性件经一螺栓结构或一铆钉结构固定于该反作用盘和轴套。
15.按权利要求1至14之一所述的装置,其特征在于该柔性件经一螺栓或铆钉结构固定于该盘。
16.按上述权利要求之一所述的装置,其特征在于将该柔性件预成形或预加载,使得在施加该端部负荷时它基本上垂直于所述轴的轴线。
17.按权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于该无级变速器包括二个输入盘和所述一些输出盘,所述这些输出盘背靠背地配置,并夹在该二输入盘之间。
18.按权利要求1至16之一所述的装置,其特征在于该无级变速器包括二个输入盘和二个输出盘,所述这些输入盘背靠背地配置,并夹在该二输出盘之间。
CNB988126001A 1997-12-24 1998-12-14 无级变速传动的驱动机构 Expired - Fee Related CN1157546C (zh)

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GBGB9727295.9A GB9727295D0 (en) 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 Improvements in or relating to steplessly-variable-ratio transmission apparatus
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DE69804139D1 (de) 2002-04-11
CA2312984C (en) 2007-04-17
EP1042623B1 (en) 2002-03-06
GB9727295D0 (en) 1998-02-25
ZA9811719B (en) 2000-06-27
JP4372997B2 (ja) 2009-11-25
JP2002500325A (ja) 2002-01-08
CN1157546C (zh) 2004-07-14
KR20010033566A (ko) 2001-04-25
ES2170540T3 (es) 2002-08-01
CA2312984A1 (en) 1999-07-08
DE69804139T2 (de) 2002-08-01
EP1042623A1 (en) 2000-10-11
WO1999034133A1 (en) 1999-07-08
US6312356B1 (en) 2001-11-06
AU1499299A (en) 1999-07-19
RU2213281C2 (ru) 2003-09-27
KR100604701B1 (ko) 2006-07-28

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