CN1280747A - 在通信系统中确定越区切换候选者的方法和设备 - Google Patents

在通信系统中确定越区切换候选者的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1280747A
CN1280747A CN98811616A CN98811616A CN1280747A CN 1280747 A CN1280747 A CN 1280747A CN 98811616 A CN98811616 A CN 98811616A CN 98811616 A CN98811616 A CN 98811616A CN 1280747 A CN1280747 A CN 1280747A
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凯亚·罗哈尼
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Motorola Mobility LLC
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/06Reselecting a communication resource in the serving access point
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
    • H04W36/0079Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link in case of hand-off failure or rejection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/16Performing reselection for specific purposes
    • H04W36/18Performing reselection for specific purposes for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • H04W36/305Handover due to radio link failure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24Cell structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/26Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by agreed or negotiated communication parameters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • H04W36/302Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data due to low signal strength

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Abstract

一种在覆盖区提供无线通信和包括基站(100)和移动站(290)的通信系统。基站(100)具有多个扇区(210、220、230、240、250、260),其中发送相应的多个导频信号(212、222、232、242、252、262)。扇区(210)发送与移动站(290)通信的正向链路信号(211)。移动站(290)发送反向链路信号(215)和包括用于软越区切换程序的多个候选者表的消息信号。确定候选者表的方法和设备包括在所述多个扇区接收的测量反向链路信号(215)。然后,比较在扇区(210)接收的反向链路电平与在多个扇区(210、220、230、240、250、260)的所有其它扇区接收的反向链路信号电平。最后,按照比较反向链路信号电平的比较结果确定候选者表。

Description

在通信系统中确定越区 切换候选者的方法和设备
本发明涉及蜂窝通信系统,更具体地涉及在通信系统中确定越区切换候选者的方法和设备。
越区切换是当移动站从一个覆盖区移动到另外一个覆盖区时,保持各基站的网络与该移动站之间的通信的一种处理。一般地,在通信系统中的各覆盖区是由系统的各基站的地理位置预先确定的,或可能是结合各基站的呼叫负荷水平进行确定的。每个覆盖区被定义为由一个基站服务的小区。另外,每个小区被分为若干个扇区,以便每个扇区在一个覆盖区中提供无线通信。在相同小区中经常在两个扇区之间进行越区切换。在码分多址(CDMA)通信系统中,支持两种类型的越区切换程序,即:硬越区切换和软越区切换。相同小区中两个扇区之间的越区切换是由软越区切换程序执行的。在软越区切换期间的通信链路被转移到具有与当前正在进行中的载波频率相同的载波上。结果,已开始软越区切换的移动站在越区切换处理中将不中断它现存的通信链路。在硬越区切换中,当前正在进行的通信链路被中断,以便越区切换到不同的载波频率上。
在CDMA系统中,在一个专用码信道上的导频信道被发送到每个基站。如果一个小区被分为各个扇区,则一个导频信道还被分配到每个扇区。一般地,一个小区具有3-6个扇区。在其它的应用中,各导频被用于控制各移动站的越区切换程序。一旦一个移动站移动到一个覆盖区,所有在该通信系统中的小区和扇区的表被发送给该移动站。该表含有许多小区和扇区的导频信号表。该移动站不断地搜索在该表中的小区和扇区的各个导频信号。该移动站测量各个导频信号的强度,该信号强度然后被用于产生而后进行越区切换的可能候选导频信号的判据。因为所有导频信号表一般是非常长的,移动站要花费很长时间扫描所有导频信号,和在处理中消耗电池功率。长的表还降低扫描率,这导致越区切换的延迟。另外,对于导频信号长表的扫描通常要求复杂的扫描引擎;和扫描引擎的复杂化进一步增加了该移动站的电池消耗。在现有技术中,移动站限制扫描的导频信号的数量,以保存电池的功率。结果,产生了导频信号的受限制的候选者表。
移动站越区切换处理是通过发送一个消息到含有候选导频信号表的基站开始的。在CDMA系统中,这个消息称为:导频强度测量消息。各候选导频信号按照通常基于成功地完成越区切换程序的似然率的优先级进行排序。一旦该候选者表被发送到基站,该基站接着按越区切换方向消息向移动站发送用于开始越区切换的方向的响应,当完成越区切换时,移动站发送越区切换完成消息,指示越区切换处理成功地完成。
如果在越区切换程序期间,所选择的导频候选使越区切换处理失败,则通信系统将求助于业已接收到的导频强度测量消息的导频候选者表中的其它导频候选者。因为要求受限制的候选者表,所以在越区切换被成功地完成之前,导频信号表可能被用完。在软越区切换处理的情况下,越区切换程序可能在使呼叫不被中断的时间周期内完成和防止了不适当的中断。如果在越区切换处理完成之前该表已被用完,该移动站或者执行该呼叫的规划外终止,或者通过扫描其它导频信号偿试产生新的候选者表,但这样作进一步延迟了越区切换处理。无论哪种情况下,其结果都是不符合要求的。
因此,存在着产生用于软越区切换程序的导频信号候选者表的改进的方法和设备的需求。
图1表示在通信系统中的同一小区的两个扇区之间的越区切换程序的各种步骤;
图2表示一个小区的扇区配置和相关的接收机与控制器,其中一个移动站正在通过正向和反向链路信号与基站进行通信;
图3表示反向链路信号及其在该基站的各个扇区相对于接收时间的相对幅度的例子。
码分多址(CDMA)通信系统在覆盖区中提供无线通信和包括至少一个基站和一个移动站。该基站具有多个扇区。每个扇区对一个覆盖区提供无线通信。每个扇区发送用于控制越区切换到该扇区或来自该扇区的导频信号。当移动站正在与各扇区中的一个扇区进行通信时,正向链路信号从该扇区发送到该移动站。移动站发送反向链路信号来保持一种双向通信链路。反向链路信号一般在正在发送正向链路信号的扇区按其最强的电平被接收。此外,该信号还可能以较低的信号电平被其它各扇区接收。该移动站还发送包括候选导频信号表的消息,用于可能的软越区切换。按照本发明的一个方面,一种确定候选者表的方法包括测量在每个扇区接收的反向链路信号电平。然后,比较在正在发送正向链路信号扇区接收的反向链路信号电平与在所有其它扇区接收的反向链路信号电平。最后,按照比较步骤的结果确定候选者表。因为候选者表是由非移动站的一个单元自动编辑的,消除了移动站测量基站中每个扇区的导频信号的必要。这将使得移动站保存电池的功率和降低其复杂性。
更具体地讲,在码分多址通信系统中,由移动站发送的导频强度测量消息含有4组候选者表。这些组是按照预定优先级排序的。第一优先级组称为有效组(Active Set)。列在有效组中的基站候选者已经将正向话务信道分配给移动站。第二最高优先级组是候选者组(Cadidate Set)。列在候选者组中的候选者表是它们的导频信号以足够的强度已被该移动站接收,并指示相关的正向链路将被成功地解调的那些小区和扇区。第三最高优先级组是邻近组(NeighborSet)。在邻近组中的候选者表是它们的导频信号强度指示相关的话务信道可能将被解调的那些小区和扇区。在邻近组中的表排除列在有效组和候选者组中的候选者表。第四或最后优先级组是剩余组(Remaining Set)。剩余组含有除了含在有效、候选和邻近组中的表外,在通信系统中所有可能导频的表。
当移动站花费更多时间从各导频信号收集信息时,移动站获得更精确的结果。但是,移动站一般具有预算功耗,防止移动站在收集导频信道信息中花费更长的时间。但是,CDMA通信系统具有许多其每个具有相关的导频信道小区和扇区。为了产生每个候选者组的候选者的完整的表,移动站可能需要花费非常长的时间扫描通信系统中的每个导频信道。为了解决这个问题,在现有技术中,通信系统的操作员在遵从CDMA系统协议的同时,必须限制导频强度测量消息仅含有有效、候选组信息。结果,移动站产生一种受限制的、和很经常地,不适当的导频信道信息组。响应于这个问题,按照本发明的另外一个方面,基站根据在其各个扇区中接收到的反向链路信号电平,自动地确定在候选者组中同一小区的扇区候选者,因此消除了移动站必须扫描每个扇区的导频信号的必要。
参照图1,移动站101在从基站100中的扇区150向160越区切换的程序中执行3个步骤110、120和130。步骤110、120和130分别是开始、处理和完成步骤。在开始步骤110中,移动站101发送导频强度测量消息151到扇区150,该消息含有关于对越区切换处理的导频候选者的有效、候选、邻近和剩余组的信息。在处理步骤120中,按各组优先级排序的每组中的候选者表被用于完成越区切换。一旦扇区160被选择,在完成步骤130中,扇区150和移动站101终止通信链路151,移动站101通过链路161继续与扇区160进行通信。在处理步骤120中,如果在越区切换完成之前,一组中的候选者表被用尽,则在接下来较低优先级组中的一个新的候选者被移到较高优先级组中,将被用于可能的越区切换。
参照图2,码分多址通信系统的小区200的配置被表示出含有6个扇区210、220、230、240、250和260。小区200的由从所有扇区接收信号的一个基站提供服务的。这样的接收机被表示为298。另外,小区200由可以控制所有扇区的控制器299进行控制。每个扇区发射至少一个导频信号。表示出导频信号212、222、232、242、252和262。所有导频信号的初始表被发送到移动站290。表示出移动站290将与扇区210进行通信。正向链路211被发送到移动站290。反向链路215由移动站290发送回,以保持双向通信链路。但是,反向链路215在各个方向进行传播。因此,它的某些功率可能被并非与移动站290进行通信的正向链路的扇区的其它扇区所接收。这些信号被表示为,例如信号216和217。信号216可能在扇区220被接收。因此,接收机298除了接收在扇区210的信号215以外,还接收在扇区220的信号216。同样,信号217可能被诸如260的其它扇区所接收。
按照现有技术,移动站290将不得不扫描所有导频信号212、222、232、242、252和262,以产生候选者表。按照本发明的一个方面,基站控制器299确定可能包含其它扇区的候选组。当信号216的功率电平处于信号215的预定电平以内时,该候选组中的表包括扇区220。一般地,信号215和216之间的差将在6-10dB的范围的情况下,在候选者表中包括扇区220;但本发明并不限于6-10dB的范围。如果在扇区220以非常低的信号电平接收信号216,则扇区220对于越区切换是良好的候选者的概率非常低,和因此,扇区220将不被包括在候选者表中。从而,在不要求移动站扫描所有导频信号的情况下,产生了一个用于越区切换的候选者表,因此节约了移动站的电池功率。接收机298测量在基站的各个扇区接收的所有反向链路信号的信号强度并比较它们的包含在该候选者表中的各扇区的任何一个的相对电平。接收机298的操作和设计在现有技术中是公知的。
由于移动站以高速移动,在扇区220测量的信号216经受幅度上的波动。结果,信号216的瞬时功率测量可能产生错误的结果。因此,按照本发明的另外一个方面,当移动站的速度很高时,测量信号216的平均功率与反向链路信号215的功率电平进行比较,以确定扇区220是否应当包括在越区切换候选者表中。当移动站的速度很高,以至于信号216的电平重复地在短的时间周期穿过一个平均电平时,在这样一个同样短的时间周期进行平均信号电平测量。一般来说,平均窗口相当短,即使在慢速移动的移动站的情况下也是如此。但是,当移动站290的速度非常低时,平均信号电平测量可以花一段长的时间。大多数基站具有双天线分集系统,因此在所有情况下允许减小平均窗口。
如果包括的各候选者处于或低于一个抛弃阈值,则增加候选者到候选者表上的处理接着是抛弃业已包含在该表中的其它候选者。当接收的反向链路信号电平低于在与该移动站进行正向通信的扇区中接收的反向链路信号电平的一个预定电平时向该表增加一个候选者。这个预定信号电平的差值被称为相加阈值。因此,如果接收的反向链路信号电平在这个范围内,该扇区被增加到候选者表中。为了从该表中抛弃一个候选者,接收的反向链路信号电平应当具有至少等于预定抛弃阈值电平的差值。抛弃阈值电平大于相加阈值电平。因此,在这种环境下由于信号传播造成的信号电平差值上的滞后将不会产生不稳定的候选者表。
参照图3,表示出信号215和216相对于时间的典型信号电平特性。作为例子表示出相加阈值310和抛弃阈值320。在时间T1,311,信号215和216都在相加阈值电平310内。因此,正在接收信号216的扇区220被增加到候选者表上。在时间311和321之间的信号215和216之间的差已经下降到低于相加阈值310,正在接收信号216的扇区220在这些时间上不从候选者表中抛弃。在时间T2,321,信号215和216超过抛弃阈值320。因此,在时间T2,321上扇区220被从候选者表上抛弃。
虽然本发明已经参照一个具体实施例被特别地表示和描述,但是对于本专业的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以在形式和细节上作出各种改变。在下面权利要求书中的所有装置或步骤加上与以下的权利要求中的功能单元的相应的结构、材料、作用和等同物将包括用于与其它权利要求书中所要求保护的单元相组合来执行该各功能的任何结构、材料、或作用。

Claims (15)

1.一种在覆盖区提供无线通信的通信系统中确定越区切换候选者表的方法,该通信系统包括具有多个发送多个导频信号的至少一个和用于与移动站进行通信的正向链路信号的多个扇区的一个基站,所述移动站发送反向链路信号和包含多个越区切换候选者扇区的所述表的消息信号,该方法包括以下步骤:
测量在所述多个扇区接收的多个反向链路信号电平;
比较在正在发送所述正向链路信号的扇区接收的所述多个反向链路信号电平中的一个与在所述多个扇区的所有其它扇区接收的所述反向链路信号电平;和
基于比较步骤,确定所述多个越区切换候选者扇区的所述表。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述消息信号是导频强度测量消息信号。
3.按照权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述导频强度测量消息信号包括包含所述多个越区切换候选者扇区的所述表的候选者组。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述通信系统是码分多址通信系统。
5.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述比较所述各反向链路信号电平的所述步骤包括通过比较来确定将在正在发送所述正向链路信号的所述扇区中接收的所述反向链路信号电平的预定电平内的各所述反向信号的电平。
6.按照权利要求5所述的方法,其中在所述比较步骤中,确定所述各反向信号的电平,所述候选者表具有在所述预定电平内的各反向链路信号电平。
7.按照权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述预定电平处于低于在正在发送所述正向链路信号的所述扇区接收的所述反向信号电平的电平。
8.按照权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述候选者表包括按照所述比较步骤在相加阈值电平内已接收所述反向链路信号的多个扇区中的任何一个。
9.按照权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述候选者表排除按照所述比较步骤在抛弃阈值电平内已接收所述反向链路信号的已被包括的各扇区中的任何一个。
10.按照权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述相加阈值电平不等于所述抛弃阈值电平。
11.按照权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述相加阈值电平小于所述抛弃阈值电平。
12.按照权利要求1所述的方法,还包括确定所述移动站的速度的步骤,和所述候选者表是按照所述比较步骤和所述速度确定步骤的所述结果进行确定的。
13.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述测量反向信号电平的步骤还包括测量平均反向信号电平的步骤。
14.按照权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述平均测量是按照所述移动站的速度在一个时间窗口期间测量的。
15.一种在覆盖区提供无线通信的通信系统,包括:
一个具有发送至少相应的多个导频信号的多个扇区的基站;
从所述基站接收正向链路信号,发送反向链路信号到所述基站和发送包括用于软越区切换程序的多个候选者表的消息信号的移动站;
用于在所述多个扇区测量反向链路信号电平的装置;
用于比较在正在发送所述正向链路信号的扇区接收的测量的反向链路信号电平与在所述多个扇区的所有其它扇区接收的测量的所述反向链路信号电平的装置;和
用于按照所述比较装置的结果确定所述候选者表的控制器。
CNB988116162A 1997-11-26 1998-10-27 在通信系统中确定越区切换候选者的方法和设备 Expired - Lifetime CN1153476C (zh)

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