CN1277235C - 磁机械电子物品监视系统中的识别器和制造方法及该系统 - Google Patents

磁机械电子物品监视系统中的识别器和制造方法及该系统 Download PDF

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CN1277235C
CN1277235C CNB021053170A CN02105317A CN1277235C CN 1277235 C CN1277235 C CN 1277235C CN B021053170 A CNB021053170 A CN B021053170A CN 02105317 A CN02105317 A CN 02105317A CN 1277235 C CN1277235 C CN 1277235C
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刘南青
廉明润
吉米·坎蒂
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Sensormatic Electronics Corp
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Abstract

用于制造在磁机械电子物品监视系统中使用的识别器的方法和其产品，该方法包括步骤：对一种无定形磁元件加以饱和磁场；在加有所述磁场的期间内，在460℃至540℃的温度范围内对所述元件进行至少5分钟时间的加热；以及使退火的元件冷却到室温。本发明还涉及磁机械电子物品监视系统。

Description

磁机械电子物品监视系统中 的识别器和制造方法及该系统
本申请是申请号为95107764.3，申请日为1995年6月30日，发明名称为“用于电子物品监视系统中的横向磁场退火的无定形磁机械元件及其制造方法”专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电子物品监视(EAS)系统中的磁机械识别器及其制造方法。
背景技术
众所周知，使用电子物品监视系统来防止零售商店的商品被盗。在典型的系统中，所设计的识别器被包进商品中，以便和商店出口处的电磁场或磁场相互作用。如果识别器被带进“查讯区”或某个区域，识别器就被检测并发出报警。某些这种类型的识别器在商品付款时在检验柜台被消去。另一类识别器在检验时用撤销装置使其撤销，撤销装置改变识别器的电磁特性或磁特性，使得识别器在查讯区不再被检验到。
一种类型的磁EAS系统被称为谐波系统，因为它根据的原理是，当磁性物质通过具有选定频率的电磁场时会对电磁场产生干扰，并产生所选定的频率的谐波扰动。然后检测系统识别某一谐波频率，如果这种频率存在，就发出报警。所产生的谐波频率是磁性材料的磁滞回线的非线性程度的函数。
另一种类型的EAS系统使用包括磁致伸缩元件的磁电机械识别器。例如Anderson等人的美国专利No.4510489中披露了一种长带状磁致伸缩的无定形材料，被包含在一个长的壳体内，位于偏磁元件附近。该磁致伸缩元件被这样制造，使其当偏磁元件被磁化到某一程度时在预定频率下产生谐振。在查讯区，一种振荡器提供这一预定频率的交流磁场，识别器处于该磁场中并当偏磁元件被磁化到某一程度时便产生这一频率下的机械谐振。
按照Anderson等人披露的技术，除去前述的谐振频率之外，识别器具有“非谐振频率”，在这一频率下，由磁电-机械耦合得到的储存的机械能几乎是零。在查讯区提供磁场的查讯电路对包括识别器的谐振和非谐振频率的频率范围进行扫描。并且在查讯区具有接收电路，用来通过检测到谐振频率下发生的峰值传输能级和在非谐振频率下发生的谷值传输能级来检测识别器的特征标记。
Anderson等人还提出，在几百奥斯特的饱和横向磁场中，在大约300°-450℃的温度范围内将磁致伸缩元件退火(annealing)7-12分钟的时间，以便增加磁电-机耦合系数K，它与识别器的谐振和反谐振频率之间的频率差有关。按照Anderson等人的意见，较大的耦合系数K会增加识别特征标记的可检测性。
在由Anderson等人提出的另一种监视系统中，利用一种磁致伸缩识别器，其查讯频率不被扫描而是停留在识别器的谐振频率上。这一频率的查讯场以脉冲或正弦波群来提供。处于查讯场中的识别器由每一正弦波群激励，在每一正弦波群过后，识别器经受阻尼的机械振荡。识别器幅射出的合成信号被检测电路检测，检测电路和查讯电路同步，并在正弦波群(burst)之后的静止期间起作用。这种脉冲场型的EAS系统由本申请的代理人以“Ultra Max”商标出售并被广泛使用。
对于用在脉冲查讯系统中的识别器，在每一激励脉冲结束之后，其构件继续呈现振荡的幅值和时间是非常重要的。残余振荡(称为铃声消失)的持续时间和幅值越大，在查讯区内的静止期间内的信号越唯一，因此越容易由检测电路检测到识别器。
磁机械识别的撤销一般借助于使偏磁元件退磁来实现，从则使磁滞伸缩元件不再是机械谐振的或改变其谐振频率。然而，当偏磁元件被去磁时，虽然识别器在磁电机械监视系统中不能被检测到，但磁致伸缩元件可能永远不能再作为响应电磁查讯场可以仍然产生谐波频率的无定形磁性元件了。这是不希望的，因为带着磁电机械识别器物品的购买者在检验柜台使识别器去磁之后，该顾客可能进入另一家使用谐波EAS系统的零售店，并且去过磁的识别器可能发出报警，因为它可能响应第二家商店的查讯信号而产生谐波频率。
本发明人已经发现，当一般在脉冲查讯系统中使用的磁致伸缩材料在横向磁场中退火时，对材料的“铃声消失”特性有不利影响。即“铃声消失”的时间被大大减小，因而使作为磁电机械识别器的识别器具有较小的独特性。
Martis的美国专利No.5,252,144提出，各种磁致伸缩材料可以借助于退火改善其“铃声消失”特性。然而，与本发明不同，Martis的专利没有披露在加热期间施加磁场。
发明内容
因而本发明的主要目的是提供一种磁电机械识别器，识别器适合用于脉冲场EAS查讯系统中。本发明的另一目的是提供一种这样的识别器，当被撤销时，它便不再响应谐波检测EAS系统的查讯而产生一定幅值的谐波信号。
本发明的另一个目的是，提供一种比常规的磁电机械识别器容易制造的磁致伸缩识别器。
本发明的另一个目的是，提供一种比常规的磁电机械识别器较薄的磁电机械识别器。
本发明的另一个目的是，提供一种具有改善的“铃声消失”特性的磁电机械识别器。
按照本发明的一个方面，无定形铁磁材料被切割成一定长度的条然后被退火。对材料实施的退火过程包括，提供垂直于由该材料制成的条状件的纵轴的饱和磁场，同时把材料加热，然后在横向磁场中进行缓慢冷却。
按照本发明的另一方面，该材料由铁、钴、硅、和硼制成，并至少包括30％原子百分比的钴。
按照本发明的另方面，退火过程可以包括把材料在300℃至540℃的温度范围内至少加热5分钟的步骤。
附图说明
图1表示本发明的磁电机械识别器的部件；
图2表示在一种退火温度范围内引起的各向异性的量；
图3说明现有的磁致伸缩识别器和按本发明制造的识别器的各自的磁滞特性；
图4表示在退火温度范围内获得的各个“铃声消失”特性；
图5表示按照本发明切成均匀长条并被退火的试样的谐振频率；
图6A、6B分别是现有的以及本发明的识别器的示意正视图；
图7是使用图1的磁电机械识别器的电子物品监视系统的方块图。
具体实施方式
在下面的说明中，术语“磁致伸缩元件”指一种活性的磁元件(图1所示的元件12)，当它被合适的活化时，能够响应查讯信号产生独特的“铃声消失”信号。术语“偏磁元件”指的是一种控制元件(图1的元件16)，它包括一种磁性材料，和磁致伸缩元件相比具有相当高的矫顽力，并能够被磁化和去磁(即偏磁或非偏磁)，从而控制磁致伸缩元件的机械谐振频率。术语“识别器”(图1中用标号10表示)指的是磁致伸缩元件12和偏磁元件16的组合体，通常被装在壳体内(图1的元件14)，并且能被固定在防盗的商品上。
在现有技术中使用的一般材料，例如Metglas(R)2826MB(其组分为Fe40Ni38Mo4B18)，不加退火便被用作磁致伸缩元件。对这种材料进行退火会使“铃响消失”时间减少，这便使制成的材料不适用于脉冲场磁电机EAS系统中。
按照本发明，一种富钴材料被切成均匀的一定长度的条状。该条状材料被退火以便提供用来制造脉冲场EAS系统中的识别器的磁致伸缩元件。按照本发明的最佳材料是一种Fe-Co基合金的无定形带，例如(Fe0.5Co0.5)79Si6B15或(Fe0.5Co0.5)79Si2B19。确信含至少30％原子百分比的钴的Fe-Co合金会产生满意的结果。例如，含铁和钴的化合部分至少70％，其中具有至少30％原子百分比的钴，而其余部分为硅和硼的合金被确信为合适的。在这种合适的合金中铁钴化合部分可以超过90％，并且确信铁钴合成部分的最大含量仅受所需包括足够的硅和硼的限制，以便使合金可以以无定形铸造。
在最佳实施例中，该材料被铸成0.5英寸宽的带，在退火之前，把带切成1.56英寸长，以便获得58KHz(相应于一般脉冲场检测设备)的谐振频率，被应用于常规dc偏磁磁场。
虽然本发明应用于铸成带状的材料是最好的，但也可以使用其它条形材料，例如可以包括线状材料。按照本发明，使用强的(饱和)dc磁场，垂直于带状材料的纵轴施加于材料上进行退火。在这种磁场中，这种条状材料在300℃至540℃的温度下加热5到60分钟，然后冷却到室温，与此同时磁场至少保持到材料冷却至200℃以下。进行冷却的方法不是十分重要的，只要冷却不是太快就行。例如，确信在小于两分钟内冷却到室温将不会产生最佳结果，因此，最好不直接暴露于空气中进行冷却。按照最佳技术，把材料移到通过一未加热但封闭的管道在至少两分钟的时间内冷却到室温。
图2说明由退火引起的各向异性的程度如何随退火温度而改变。具体地说，图2的横轴代表退火温度，而纵轴代表引起的各向异性的程度，用克服该各向异性所需的场强表示。本发明中的退火温度范围为300℃到大约540℃。最佳的温度范围为390℃-500℃。用450℃的退火温度经过大约
Figure C0210531700101
分钟已经获得满意的结果，即在大约分钟后冷却到室温。
如上所述，横向饱和磁场在加热和冷却期间都要维持。在退火和冷却期间施加的最小的横向磁场强度根据被处理的具体材料而定。磁场应足以使处理的材料饱和。对于上述讨论的大多数材料，最佳磁场将超过500Oe，并且为达到饱和，经常需要800Oe，或更大的场强。本发明期望增加场强超过饱和所需的值而不带来正、负效果。
应该注意，退火温度和处理时间不应当大于最小量晶体出现的温度和时间，因为晶体化合给“铃声消失”特性带来不利影响。并带来不希望有的易碎性。
按照本发明制成的磁滞伸缩条可以装在和常规的磁电机识别器相同结构的识别器中。例如，如图1所示，按照本发明制成的识别器10，可以包括用上述方法制造和处理的磁致伸缩条12，用聚合物例如聚乙烯制成的刚性壳体14和偏磁元件16。构成识别器10的这些元件这样装配，使得磁致伸缩条处在壳体14的槽18内，并且偏磁元件16被放在壳体14内，使得形成槽18的盖。可以理解，槽18和磁致伸缩条12的尺寸应当使得由于暴露在合适磁场中引起的条12的机械谐振不会被壳体14或偏磁元件16阻止或阻尼。
按照最佳实施例，应当选择切成的条的长度，以生产在58KHz下谐振的识别器，以便和现有的检测设备相兼容，因而可以使用常规的偏磁元件16，并以常规磁电机识别器使用的磁场强度下磁化。
按照本发明制造的识别器10可以通过使偏磁元件16去磁以常规方式使其去活化，使识别器10解除调谐，因此不再响应预定的查讯频率。
如图3所示，装有按照本申请制造并处理的磁致伸缩条的识别器10具有由图3中曲线(b)所示的磁滞特性。应该注意到，这特性比曲线(a)所示的特性在相当小的所加磁场(小于10Oe)下具有大的线性段和较小的陡度，曲线(a)是装有常规磁致伸缩条的识别器呈现的曲线，例如可以是由Allide公司出售的Metglas(R)2826MB合金制成的未经退处理的磁致伸缩的条。因此，按照本发明制造的识别器，当借助于去磁在磁电机EAS系统中被去活化时，便响应常规谐波检测EAS系统提供的查讯磁场而产生低得多的谐波信号，并因此比常规去活化的磁电机类型识别器小得多的可能由谐波系统偶然报警。例如，按照本发明制造的去磁的识别器，在暴露在查讯信号中时，和由本申请的代理人以“Aislekeeper”商标出售的在常规谐波检测EAS系统中使用的识别器相比，所产生的谐波至少减少60dB。虽然本发明的实施例达到了减少60dB的谐波，但可以相信，减少20dB的谐波就足以达到消除响应去活化的磁电机识别器由谐波检测EAS系统引起报警的目的。应当理解，退火过程通过减小材料的非线性使其磁滞特性变得平坦了。
本发明的另一个优点是，包括按上述方法制备的磁致伸缩材料的识别器比使用上述Metglas材料的常规识别器具有更好的“铃声消失”特性。具体地说，图4说明利用本发明的退火温度范围处理的磁致伸缩条构成的识别器的优良的“铃声消失”振幅。图4中曲线A0是在激励脉冲结束后从识别器立刻得到的幅射信号的振幅，曲线A1是脉冲结束后1msec获得的振幅，曲线A2是脉冲结束后2msec获得的振幅。图4所示的结果的退火时间为30分钟。在查讯期间的偏磁场为5Oe。图4表明，在410℃-510℃的范围内，使用较高的退火温度可以获得较高的“铃声消失”振幅。这些振幅一般都比由常规Met-glas作为磁致伸缩材料提供的振幅为高。
此处披露的处理方法的另一个优点是，改善了磁致伸缩条谐振频率的一致性。
由于常规使用的铸造的磁致伸缩材料的偏差，把材料切割成均匀的固定长度的条未必能使识别器都具有所需的机械谐振频率。如果识别器没有与查讯磁场的频率足够接近的谐振频率，识别器则不能由查讯磁场充分地激励。在常规的磁致伸缩材料中的偏差是如此之大，必须在一个工序中逐个测量每个条的谐振频率。如果需要，在一批中的第三个条之后，每个条的切割长度根据前三个条所测得的谐振频率进行调整。一般地说，必须经常调整切割长度，有时每个条都要调整，通常不多于5个或6个条就要调整。因此，为了补偿常规材料中的偏差，制造常规的磁致伸缩元件的工艺包括不断测量切割条的谐振频率，然后调整切割长度，从而得到所需的谐振频率的工序。
然而，本发明对预先选定的条长，可以生产具有谐振频率十分一致的磁致伸缩元件。毫无疑问，利用本发明可以提供较大的一致性，这是因为退火技术可以被控制，从而产生相同的各向异性度，而常规材料的各向异性度取决于铸造过程，因而必然存在偏差。
如图5所示，在大约150个条的试样中，它们却被切成均匀的长度(1.56英寸)，按照本发明进行热处理(在具有饱和横向dc磁场下，450℃加热7.5分钟)然后施加5Oe的偏磁磁场并测试谐振频率，几乎所有的条都具有在所需58KHz的谐振频率附近200Hz范围内的谐振频率。这种高度的一致性使得增加产量，并不需试量谐振频率的偏差也不需为补偿这种偏差而定期地调整条的长度，而这些在使用常规的Metglas材料时是需要的。
本发明的另一个优点是，此处披露的退火处理能生产比常规的铸造的磁致伸缩条相对扁的磁致伸缩条。例如，图6所示为现有技术的识别器10′，它包括铸造的磁致伸缩条12′。如图6A所示，由于残余应力使条12′存在相当程度的卷曲。因此，壳体14′必须具有相当大的高度H′以便容纳卷曲的条12′而不防碍所需的该条的机械谐振。如果把常规的条进行退火以释放应力，则已经发现独特的“铃声消失”信号大大减小。
然而，如图6B所示，按本发明制造的条12是很扁的，并只有略微的卷曲，因而为其提供的壳体14比常规识别器10′小得多，并且高度H也比常规识别器的高度H′小得多。例如，为了容纳常规的1密耳厚度的Metglas条12′，可能需要H′＝70至110密耳的壳体14′，但容纳按本发明处理过的1密耳厚的条12，所需壳体14仅有H＝5到30密耳。这便提供较薄的识别器，使得和商品连接更为方便。较薄的或较小巧的识别器是希望的。识别器的壳体的整个厚度也取决于用来形成壳体的材料的厚度及其均匀性。
应注意，这里所述的退火处理也可用于制造所需的卷曲形状的磁致伸缩条，而不仅仅用于图6B所示的扁平形磁致伸缩条。
图7说明使用按照本发明制造的磁电机识别器的脉冲查讯EAS系统。图7所示的系统包括用来控制激励电路201工作的同步电路200以及接收电路202。同步电路200向激励电路201发出同步控制脉冲，同步控制脉冲启动激励电路201。激励电路201被启动之后。便在同步脉冲期间产生查讯信号并送到查讯线圈206。响应此查讯信号，查讯线圈206发出查讯磁场，接着，查讯磁场激励识别器10使其产生机械谐振。
脉冲查讯信号结束时，同步电路200向接收机电路202发出控制脉冲，该控制脉冲启动电路202。在电路202处于工作状态的期间内，如果在查讯磁场内存在识别器，它将在接收机线圈207内产生具有识别器的机械谐振的频率的信号。这一信号向接收机202发出，它响应这一发出的信号，对指示器203产生一信号从而发出报警。简短地说，接收机电路202和激励电路201同步，使得接收机电路202仅在脉冲查讯场的脉冲之间的静止期间内处于运行状态。
在不脱离本发明构思的情况下可对上述本发明的识别器及其改型作出各种其它变化。本发明的具体实施例只是说明性的而没有限定的意义。本发明的构思和范围在下面的权利要求中提出。

Claims (11)

1.一种识别器的制造方法，该识别器使用在磁机械电子物品监视系统中，该制造方法包括下列步骤：
对一种无定形磁元件加以饱和磁场；
在加有所述磁场的期间内，在300℃至540℃的温度范围内对所述元件进行5至60分钟时间的加热；以及
使退火的元件冷却到室温。
2.如权利要求1的方法，其中所述无定形磁元件是带形的，并具有一个纵轴，并且所述饱和磁场是垂直于所述元件的纵轴施加的。
3.如权利要求2的方法，还包括在一安装装置内的磁性元件附近安装被退火并被冷却的元件的步骤，所述磁元件对所述元件提供一直流偏磁磁场，使得所述元件具有预定的磁电机械谐振频率。
4.如权利要求1的方法，其中所述无定形磁元件是至少含钴量为30％原子的百分比的铁钴合金。
5.如权利要求4的方法，其中所述无定形磁元件由(Fe0.5Co0.5)79Si6B15和(Fe0.5Co0.5)79Si2B19中的一种构成。
6.一种用于磁机械电子物品监视系统中的识别器，包括由对一非定形磁构件在300℃至540℃的温度范围内加热5至60分钟，在加热的同时对所述构件施加饱和磁场，然后进行退火而制成的磁致伸缩元件。
7.如权利要求6的识别器，其中所述无定形磁元件是条状的。
8.如权利要求6的识别器，其中所述无定形磁元件是一种含钴至少为30％原子百分比的铁钴合金。
9.一种磁机械电子物品监视系统，包括：
(a)用来在查讯区内产生以所选频率交变的电磁场的产生装置，所述产生装置包括一查讯线圈；
(b)安装在要通过所述查讯区的物品上的识别器，所述识别器包括无定形磁致伸缩元件，通过在300℃至540℃的温度范围内加热无定形磁构件5至60分钟，在加热的同时对所述构件施加一饱和磁场制成所述无定形磁致伸缩元件，所述识别器还包括一个位于所述磁致伸缩元件附近的偏磁元件，所述偏磁元件当暴露在所述交变场中时被加以偏磁，从而使所述磁致伸缩元件处于机械谐振状态；以及
(c)用来检测所述磁致伸缩元件的机械谐振的检测装置。
10.如权利要求9的磁机械电子物品监视系统，其中所述无定形磁致伸缩元件呈带形。
11.如权利要求9的磁机械电子物品监视系统，其中所述无定形磁致伸缩元件是一种含钴量至少为30％原子百分比的铁钴合金。
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RU95110691A (ru) 1997-06-10
ES2149907T3 (es) 2000-11-16
KR960000477A (ko) 1996-01-25
JP3152862B2 (ja) 2001-04-03
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JPH0887237A (ja) 1996-04-02
EP0690425A1 (en) 1996-01-03
RU2126553C1 (ru) 1999-02-20
EP0915440A2 (en) 1999-05-12
AU2326195A (en) 1996-01-18
DE69517874D1 (de) 2000-08-17
BR9503012A (pt) 1996-06-25
CN100437648C (zh) 2008-11-26
CA2146814C (en) 2006-05-30
US5469140A (en) 1995-11-21
CN1516057A (zh) 2004-07-28
EP0915440A3 (en) 2000-03-29
EP0915441A2 (en) 1999-05-12
CN1093300C (zh) 2002-10-23
DE69517874T2 (de) 2001-02-08
CA2146814A1 (en) 1995-12-31
ZA955228B (en) 1996-02-02
TW291559B (zh) 1996-11-21
CN1123413A (zh) 1996-05-29
CN1516056A (zh) 2004-07-28
AU689253B2 (en) 1998-03-26
ES2262260T3 (es) 2006-11-16
DE69534931T2 (de) 2007-04-05
EP0690425B1 (en) 2000-07-12
DE69534931D1 (de) 2006-05-24
KR100294937B1 (ko) 2001-09-17
EP0915441A3 (en) 2000-03-29

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