CN1275549A - Conversion of domestic refuse into high-effect biological organic fertilizer by using biological engineering technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for converting house refuse into high-effective organic fertilizer by using bio-engineering technology, and its fermentation underground tank and high-effective biological fermentation agent. Its fermentation agent is formed from (bacterial number percentage) 10-40% of viridin, 10-40% of actinomycetes, 10-40% of yeast cell and 10-40% of lichen basillus. The refuse is fermented in the fermentation underground tank formed from vent pipe, tank body, protecting pipe for temp.-measuring, air pipe, inlet, pipe, sewage pipe and cover supporting frame, and then fed into curing pool, screened, magnetic-selected, pulverized and mixed with compound biological bacterial preparation so as to obtain the invented high-effective biological organic fertilizer.

Description

Utilize biotechnology to transform domestic refuse and be efficient biologic-organic fertilizer

The present invention relates to handle a kind of specific equipment, starter and the treatment process of domestic refuse, particularly relate to a kind of biotechnology of utilizing and transform the method for domestic refuse, reach fermentation ground jar that in treating processes, uses and the high-performance bio starter that is applied to for efficient biologic-organic fertilizer.

As everyone knows, rubbish piles mountain, garbage-surrounded city and has become true around the city, rubbish causes disaster obvious to all, a large amount of non-disposal garbage severe contaminations underground water, surface water, air, soil and farm crop, the harm people's is healthy, seriously affect urban environmental hygiene, be directly connected to the economy and the social development in China city, so instant stage has been arrived in treating refuse.

Along with carrying together of living standards of the people, process of modernization is accelerated, the city resident is coal-fired to be reduced, two gas (the coal gas of combustion, Sweet natural gas etc.) increase, this just make rubbish from the past based on inorganics, to with the organism being main the conversion, in addition, abundant nitrogen is arranged in the domestic refuse, phosphorus, potassium, the Schwellenwert of being measured is: nitrogen content 2367mg/kg, quick-acting nitrogen 369mg/kg, total phosphorus 1652mg/kg, total potassium 24664mg/kg, available potassium reaches 9783mg/kg, containing huge energy in this explanation domestic refuse, the someone claims that domestic refuse is that " reproducible second mineral reserve " are confirmed.Utilize new and high technology that rubbish is converted into bio-organic fertilizer, can carry out innoxious, minimizing, recycling treatment (Chen Shihe, " China's Mainland domestic waste overview ", environmental science, 15 (1) 53-56,1994) domestic refuse.

Processing for solid waste rubbish, composting technology obtains application more and more widely, but the composting technology that China adopts is handled the commercialized degree of solid waste and compost and is still far lagged behind many developed countries, and has following problem: the one, long processing period, can not effectively reach minimizing; The 2nd, technology falls behind, does not reach harmless treatment; The 3rd, the fertilizer fertilizer efficiency of producing is not high, can't reach commercialization; The 4th, investment is big, each city is difficult to accept.

The later stage eighties, developed countries except supporting modernized garbage compost processing unit is arranged, considers simultaneously that also garbage compost is a biotechnology process aspect refuse treatment, for quality and the speed that improves fermentation, developed the bio-fermentation agent that is applied to refuse treatment one after another.The Nu-Soil preparation of U.S.'s development, the Cyklos preparation of Japan's development, (in June, 1998, JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY the 8th volume, the second phases) such as Cofona preparations of France's development, beginning is introduced by China, and experimentizes in some provinces and cities.But cost height, the restriction that can only buy product have then hindered the widespread adoption of bio-fermentation agent in China.Therefore exploitation has the effort target that new bio starter that independent intellectual property right is applied to the refuse treatment process then becomes China scientific worker.

Thereby purpose of the present invention just is to provide a kind of and utilizes the self-control starter in self-designed fermentation ground jar rubbish to be handled the back and add method, fermenting agent and the fermentation ground jar that composite fungus agent is converted into rubbish efficient biologic-organic fertilizer.

1.1: the bio-fermentation agent that the present invention relates to is selected as follows:

The pyrolytic decomposition bacterium of buying decomposition of cellulose and xylogen from the Chinese Academy of Sciences biological preservation center.Therefrom determine stronger bacterial classification such as the following table of capacity of decomposition by a large amount of tests:

Listed data declaration in the table, the vigor of resulting enzyme is very high, and considerably beyond the enzyme activity (28.8300u/g) of decomposer of former rubbish self, so we determine above-mentioned four kinds of bacterial classifications that bacterium is the high-rate composting preparation.

1.2: the preparation of high-rate composting starter:

Slant strains (activation)-→ liquid spawn (15ml wort/Boiling tube, 30 ℃, the 220r/min shaking table is cultivated 16-18h)-→ (10% inoculum size, volume ratio, down together) level liquid is cultivated (30ml wort/250ml triangular flask, 30 ℃, the 220r/min shaking table is cultivated 18-20h)-→ (10% inoculum size) secondary liquid culture (220ml corn saccharification liquid/500ml triangular flask, 30 ℃, the 220r/min shaking table is cultivated 18-20h)-→ (10% inoculum size) big triangular flask liquid culture (1500ml corn saccharification liquid/3000ml triangular flask, 30 ℃, the 220r/min shaking table is cultivated 18-20h)-→ (40% inoculum size) wheat bran makes solid medium, mix after the inoculation, static then 35-40h, count with colony counting method, bacterium number in the analytical unit volume, again in 45 ℃ of oven dry or airing-→ pulverize, cooperate than the ratio of 10-40%: 10-40%: 10-40%: 10-40% solid culture in the bacterium number 4 kinds of bacterium, add each 2% the NaCl and the solid additive of urea, mix being the compost fermentation preparation, the bacterium number reaches 10 in the compost fermentation preparation ⁸Individual/g.

1.3: the compost product analysis that adds the compost fermentation preparation: (carrier wheat bran)

Lot number	Moisture %	Number of cells (* 10 8/ g fermentation 2 days)	Cellulase (u/g)	Hemicellulase (u/g)	Amylase (u/g)
						???1	???10	????????50.10	????1060	????985	???1290
???2	???10	????????50.30	????1071	????987	???1289
						???3	???10	????????50.70	????1081	????981	???1310

As can be seen, the enzyme activity of making the compost fermentation preparation after 4 kinds of bacterium are compound improves greatly than single culture from above two tables, in the fermenting process synergetic property of the formation of enzyme be improved significantly, can realize the conversion of the full biomass of cellulose materials.

1.3.1: with the contrast experiment of external product:

With the U.S., the homemade starter of Japanese starter and this chamber, carry out cellulosic decomposition run, as table.

Cellulose loss amount %	3 days	5 days	7 days	9 days
					Japan	???11.29	???21.54	????26.30	????29.90

Self-control	????13.39	????26.69	????32.80	????36.50
					????Nu-Soil	????14.14	????29.14	????35.18	????40.05

As can be seen from the above table, the agent of self-control compost is compared with external like product for cellulosic capacity of decomposition, approaches the Nu-Soil capacity of decomposition of the U.S., is better than the capacity of decomposition of Japanese goods.

1.3.2: the garbage compost experiment:

By different starters, under fixed adds condition, carry out the ferment effect experiment, as accompanying drawing 1:

1.3.3: the utilization of cellulose wood quality:

Reach table as can be seen from Fig. 1, homemade compost agent compost effect is near the like product of developed country.After adding starter, the efficient decomposer of system has been increased,, just can reach 70 ℃ in 2-3 days, quickened rate of decomposition, shortened fermentation period greatly, increased the utilization ratio of Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen so that temperature raises is very fast.

2: the selection of garbage compost condition

2.1: the selection of fermentation equipment

Biological fermentation is the production key and the core of compost, and both at home and abroad fermentation equipment is of all kinds, have disc type, building formula, pot type, slot type, pond formula, pot type, full modernization, semi-automatic, combine indigenous and foreign methods in addition or adopt skeleton construction.We have selected jar fermentation of self-designed ground, see accompanying drawing 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3.

Underground in the tank body place of fermentation ground jar, can play the effect of insulation like this.The ground jar comprises: evacuated tube 1, casing 2, temperature tube pillar 5, tracheae 6, inlet pipe 7, sewage pipe 8, cover bracket 9 are formed, its above and below has the travelling belt of charging and discharging respectively, water and the various thing of dosing are by top adding, major part places ground around its casing 2, and just front portion (Fig. 1) is exposed because of the needs of ventilation, thermometric, discharging etc.

This jar saved floor space, helps the fermentation of extremely frigid zones, plays insulation effect winter, helps clean operation.Adding fast fermentation agent, is under 20-30 ℃ the condition at cranking temperature because ventilate, the oxygen supply abundance, microorganism is very active, adding to decompose has heat effect, and temperature rises rapidly, reaches 70 ℃ in second day, kept 3 days, external energy rises to about 100 ℃ its temperature then, keeps after two hours and removes external energy, the material temperature descends, and one grade fermemtation finishes.Enter the aerobic fermentation tank of second order fermentation then, add the compost fermentation preparation once more, regulate moisture, ventilation, temperature remains between 40-50 ℃, slaking in 4 days.

2.2: the adjusting of C/N, C/P in the fermenting process

C/N is an important factor of microorganism growth, and C, N content are along with the decomposition of bacterium progressively reduces.Experiment showed, all has a certain amount of other nutrition in organic waste, microorganism needs to C and N in metabolism are discrepant, and quite a large amount of C is in the metabolism of microorganism, because oxygenizement generates CO ₂, other C then becomes protoplasma and stores thing, and N mainly consumes in the protoplasma Synthesis, and therefore, needed C is more than N.Experimental result shows that C/N reaches 20-40: 1 o'clock, leavened prod tended towards stability, and the color and the smell of peat occurred, and fermentation period obviously shortens, and was generally 7-12 days.The rubbish carbon content is generally 40%-55%, and the content of nitrogen is but very big, thereby the variation of C/N is also bigger, and generally all above 40, and minority garbage waste material C/N is less than 20.Therefore, be in equilibrium state in order to make the microbial nutrition that participates in the organism decomposition, composting C/N should satisfy the required optimum value of microorganism, adopts to add and assists C, N material such as people, animal, poultry manure, wheat bran etc. to regulate.

The propagation that with the organic compound is the microorganism of the energy not only needs carbon and nitrogen, and phosphorus also is the very important factor, can adopt to add rock phosphate (ore) and be instrumentality, keeps C/P=100-150: 1.

2.3: the adjusting of organism and moisture in the compost

How much water content is the key parameter of decision fermentation rate in the fermentation, and the height of moisture content depends primarily on the composition of windrow.Show that through a large amount of experiments garbage organism content and moisture content are closed and be:

Y＝(0.67X+12.28)±0.15X

X is garbage organism content (%) in the formula, and Y is refuse moisture content (%), and 0.15X is the correction value of the difference of considering season (+number be summer ,-number be winter).According to the organic content of windrow, just can determine its moisture content, regulate and control thereby compost is carried out moisture.Generally speaking, compost material inherent moisture content does not reach the required optimum moisture content of compost, therefore when composting process, must carry out moisture and regulate.The experiment proved that aerobic compost optimum moisture content is 50%, at this moment CO in the composting process ₂It is maximum that the intake of generating rate, bacterial growth and oxygen reaches.Static compost need keep the skin wet about 30%, and dynamically compost only need add 20%.

2.4: the adjusting of oxygen consumption parameter in the composting fermentation process

Suitable oxygen concn is 8-18% in the composting process.Oxygen concn is low excessively, will limit the activity of microorganism in the compost, makes the compost anaerobism easily and produces stench.Power ventilation is the main mode of oxygen supply, and the speed of ventilation oxygen supply is determining the conversion rate of composting material.In time, power ventilation can make organic matter (in C) rate of decomposition reach 36.7% at identical compost, and it only is 23.4% that natural ventilation makes the rate of decomposition of C in the compost.The forced ventilation flow of compost mechanised installation is often got 0.05-0.2m ³/ min.m ³The experiment proved that the oxygen requirement of compost and the quantitative relationship of temperature are:

Y＝0.1×100.028T

Y is consumption rate (the milligram number of per hour every gram volatile matter requisite oxygen) in the formula, and T is a temperature.Consumption rate is meant that microorganism can be regarded as the movable strong and weak macroscopic view sign of aerobic microbiological in the compost to the spending rate of oxygen in the compost.In the composting fermentation process, consumption rate very high or very fast rising when beginning descends rapidly then, begins to tend towards stability at the 4th to the 5th day that ferments and tends towards stability at last.Under the situation of normal ventilation oxygen supply, the variation of keto consumpting speed has reflected microorganism to organic decomposition situation, when consumption rate tends towards stability and stable status, shows that also organic decomposition is near preliminary stable.Experiment shows, when heap layer oxygen concn greater than 10% the time, oxygen consumption rate is directly proportional with a heap layer oxygen concn, therefore, should guarantee that in the most of the time of fermentation heap layer oxygen concn is more than 10%.

2.5: ventilate and the influence of controlled temperature to microbial activities

Because the microbial metabolism heat production, heap layer temperature raises very fast, and 24 hours heap temperature can be raised to more than 65 ℃ after the adding compost fermentation preparation, and compost utilizes these characteristics that Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen in the rubbish are decomposed just.Therefore a suitable control heap layer temperature usually the 65-70 ℃ of physiology ceiling temperature of regarding the high temperature bacteria growing as, considers that the thermal inertia of heap layer is very big, when a heap layer temperature reaches 60 ℃, just should the proper extension ventilation time, and help temperature and control.

In sum, technological process and the processing condition of utilizing the quick bio starter that rubbish is handled are as follows:

1, stores a mechanical broken bag, picking then at rubbish, the object that is unfavorable for fermenting (as glass, plastics, iron, brick and tile etc.) is removed;

2, rubbish is mixed with starter, make the bacterium number in the rubbish reach 1.0 ± 0.3 * 10 ⁶Individual/g;

3, enter fermentation ground jar, it is 30 ℃ that external energy makes temperature, treats that fermentor tank rises to 60-70 ℃ from the temperature of fermenting, and keeps 2-3 days, keeps moisture 50%, ventilation speed 0.05-0.2m in the process ³/ min.m ³, and C/N=20-40: 1, C/P=100-150: 1; Remove wind regime, external energy reaches about 100 ℃ temperature rapid (in 4 hours), keeps 2-4 hour, stops to heat, and cools off 1-2 hour, gets final product discharging;

4, go out ground jar after, further cool to room temperature, pulverizing then, magnetic separation, screening, wherein metal object is recycled, the inorganics landfill, the screen overflow in the organism burns, screen underflow further ferments;

5, add starter in the screen underflow again, make the bacterium number reach 1.0 ± 0.3 * 10 ⁶Individual/g, enter into aerobic fermentation tank, external energy makes temperature reach 30 ℃, spontaneous fermentation then, when temperature reaches 50-60 ℃, kept 3-4 days, moisture keeps 50% in the process, C/N=20-40: 1, C/P=100-150: 1, go out the further magnetic separation in pond, screening, pulverizing then, get particle diameter 80 purpose refuse soils, store stand-by;

6, rubbish and composite bacteria agent after selected are puddled, make that the bacterium number reaches hundred million/g of 2-3 in the refuse soil, regulate nutrition: trace copper, molybdenum, zinc, iron amount to 0.2%, C/N reaches 20-40: 1, and N: P: K reaches 10-15: 8-15: 5-12, moderate-element CaO, MgO and S content amount to 8%, carry out granulation, particle diameter reaches 2.5-4.5mm, and drying makes moisture less than 10%, is prepared into biological organic fertilizer.

The described composite bacteria agent of step 6 is formed (bacterium number ratio in the unit volume) by following eight kinds of bacterium:

Cellulose-decomposing bacterium (10-30%), amylolysis bacterium (10-30%), Bacillus licheniformis (10-30%), yeast (10-30%), vinelandii (10-20%), P bacterium (10-30%), K bacterium (10-20%), Bacillus thuringiensis (10-30%).

The cultivation of composite bacteria agent:

1, inclined-plane seed culture: eight kinds of bacterium connect the inclined-plane respectively, cultivate 24-36 hour, respectively join (test tube) in the sterilized water then, vibrate 30 minutes, treat that evenly count with blood counting chamber the back, and the bacterium number average that makes various bacterium in every test tube is 10 ⁸Individual/ml (as deficiency, then can strengthen on the one hand and connect the bacterium amount, incubation time on the other hand can extend) gets bacteria suspension;

2, first order seed is cultivated: the bacteria suspension that eight kinds of bacterium are respectively got 1ml is put into eight 250ml triangular flasks respectively, put into nutrient solution in every triangular flask respectively, wherein P bacterium, K bacterium, amylolysis bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis (are made into nutrient solution with distilled water with No. 2 substratum, down together), vinelandii are with No. 3 substratum, yeast is with No. 13 substratum, cellulose-decomposing bacterium is with No. 36 substratum, shaking table (180 rev/mins) was cultivated 36-72 hour for 30 ℃, with counting method of blood cell counting, bacterium is counted content and reaches 10 in every kind of microbial inoculum ⁸Individual/ml, pressing as above, bacterium number ratio mixes eight kinds of microbial inoculums;

3, secondary seed is cultivated: get mixed microbial inoculum and put into the 500ml triangular flask, connecing the bacterium amount is 10%, and substratum is selected peptone 5-15 gram/100ml, NaCl 2-8 gram/100ml, extractum carnis 1-5 gram/100ml, MgSO for use ₄7H ₂O 5-15 gram/100ml, FeSO ₄7H ₂O 0.01-0.05 gram/100ml, K ₂HPO ₄0.5-3 gram/100ml, Na ₂HPO ₄0.1-1 gram/100ml, Xylo-Mucine 0.5-5 gram/100ml, CaCl ₂0.05-0.5 gram/100ml, sucrose 2-8 gram/100ml, (NH ₄) ₂SO ₄0.5-3 gram/100ml mixes, all the other are distilled water, and shaking table (180 rev/mins of revolutions) was cultivated 36-72 hour for 30 ℃, and the pH value is 7.0-7.5, and the counting method of blood cell counting contrasts with colony counting method simultaneously, makes the bacterium number reach 3-8 * 10 ⁹Individual/ml, promptly get composite fungus agent;

Above-mentioned compound biological bacterium liquid is sprayed onto on the rubbish that step 5 is handled well, makes that the bacterium number reaches hundred million/g of 2-3 in the refuse soil, promptly make the efficient composite biological organic fertilizer that contains many bacterial classifications.

The composite biological organic fertilizer that contains many bacterial classifications is applied to indoor wheat planting effect as showing:

Fertilizer type	Leaf wide (cm)	Plant height (cm)	Multiplicity	Temperature ℃	Moisture (%)
						The composite bacteria garbage tankage	???1.76	????49.20	????3	??15-20	????70
The vinelandii garbage tankage	???1.69	????42.31	????3	??15-20	????70
						K bacterium garbage tankage	???1.59	????42.00	????3	??15-20	????70
The phosphorus bacteria garbage tankage	???1.60	????43.22	????3	??15-20	????70
						The Bacillus thuringiensis garbage tankage	???1.59	????42.07	????3	??15-20	????70
No microbial inoculum garbage tankage	???1.49	????41.05	????3	??15-20	????70
						Plain soil	???1.01	????30.12	????3	??15-20	????70

As can be seen from the above table, the biological organic fertilizer that contains many bacterial classifications that is applied to refuse soil is more effective than single culture, the interior bacterium number of unit mass is identical but the bacterial classification difference is all influential to percentage of germination, the growing way of wheat, the wheat 100-grain weight of wheat, experimental results show that, effect is best when the bacterium number of composite bacteria in the fertilizer is 2.0-3.0 hundred million/g, and at this moment, percentage of germination height, plant height, leaf are wide, stem girth etc. is best, and heading does not neatly have the phenomenon of delaying, and 100-grain weight is also maximum.

Except that the plantation wheat, we have also planted summer radish in the laboratory, the second crop soil in booth has been planted cucumber, and with biological organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer comparison, experimental results show that: planting effect is consistent with the wheat planting effect, especially under the situation of natural condition such as soil fertility and temperature unfavorable (second crop soil), the growing way of rice shoot of using biological organic fertilizer is significantly better than the rice shoot of using chemical fertilizer under the equal conditions, this explanation composite biological organic fertilizer can not only promote plant growth, can also strengthen the crop disease-resistant ability.In addition, mouthfeel well also is to use the superperformance that vegetables showed behind the biological organic fertilizer.

Biological organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are to the influence of cucumber growing way:

Project	Plant height (cm)	Leaf wide (cm)	Multiplicity	The leaf color
					Biological organic fertilizer	???100.20	???22.22	??????3	Blackish green
Chemical fertilizer	???100.90	???16.93	??????3	Yellowish green, part is withered and yellow

The beautiful material experiment in land for growing field crops shows that biological organic fertilizer just begins to show its advantage at the corn plants early growth period, plant height, the corn that leaf is wide, the leaf color obviously is better than using chemical fertilizer.

Adopt the quality determination (as following table) of ordinary method to composite biological organic fertilizer:

Project	Granularity	Roundworm mortality ratio %	Colititre	????Cd	???Hg	?????Pb	?????As
								The mg/kg refuse soil
				The compost GB	???≤12	???95-100	???0.1-0.01					???≤3	???≤5	???≤100	???≤30
Bio-bacterial manure	???10	???100						???1.44	???0.09	???30.15	???0.89
				Project	Moisture %	Organic %	???TN					???TP	???TK	???pH	???Cr
???％	???％P 2O 5	???％K 2O	???mg/kg
							The compost GB	???25-35	???≥10	???≥0.5	???≥0.3	???≥1.0	???6.5-8.5		???≤300
Bio-bacterial manure	???25	???45.31	???1.5	???1.89	???1.52	???7.0								???63.15

As seen, every index of the prepared biological organic fertilizer of the present invention all satisfies State Bureau of Environmental Protection townm refuse agricultural standards GB8172-8.

Composite biological organic fertilizer is to the influence of soil physico-chemical property:

After experimental planting crops and the vegetables results, gather the content of indexs such as wherein nitrogen of soil sample test, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, data such as following table:

Soil sample	??N(％)	??P(10 -6)	??K(10 -6)	Organic carbon (%)	Organic (%)
						Cucumber ground	???0.31	????83.81	???282.05	?????5.11	????10.59
Corn field	???0.30	????101.02	???248.34	?????5.22	????10.80
						Wheatland	???0.31	????101.67	???267.52	?????5.89	????11.18
Bio-bacterial manure	???0.30	????93.68	???352.10	?????5.23	????9.92
						Chemical fertilizer	???0.22	????61.36	???315.34	?????3.47	????6.58

As can be seen from the above table, used that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic equal size all have raising in various degree in the soil of efficient composite biological organic fertilizer, and soil does not have the phenomenon of hardening, this illustrates that this efficient biologic-organic fertilizer can improve the physico-chemical property of soil, improve the fertility of soil, improve the structure of soil, help the growth of farm crop.

Waste disposal method involved in the present invention, rubbish ferment after entering the ground jar, and high-temperature sterilization is removed objectionable impurities; realized the harmless treatment of rubbish; directly protect the healthy of operator, prevented the propagation of the outer pathogenic bacteria of on-site, protected ecotope.Simultaneously, utilize the present technique treating refuse to produce the very sewage of a small amount of, alleviated the sewage disposal burden, can save operation and input expense, and the ground jar has foul smell absorption unit (blank pipe 1 runs in), can prevent atmosphere pollution, makes the objectionable impurities in the outer atmosphere of on-site reach the state control standard.

We utilize the high-rate composting starter of developing ourselves, solved long problem of garbage compost cycle, the garbage compost cycle shortened to 7-10 days in individual month by the 2-3 in past, put in place as processing unit, regulate various parameters effectively and can make the compost cycle shorten to 5-7 days, and the humic degree of windrow strengthens.Owing to shortened the compost time effectively, thereby can reduce the usage quantity of fermentation equipment, fund input is reduced, the quality of compost is improved.Being refined into efficiently with the refuse soil of composite bacteria agent after handling that we developed, biological organic fertilizer has following characteristic: (1) is except that the beneficial microorganism that contains abundant organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and many bacterial classifications, can also add a lot of calcium, magnesium,, trace and moderate-element such as iron, copper, and can be water-soluble fully, absorbed by plant; (2) evenly and permanent, the back beneficial microorganism that applies fertilizer can continue survival to fertilizer efficiency, and a large amount of breedings constantly transform benefit materials, the nitrogen in the fixed air, and making it to change into can be by the direct nutrient that absorbs of plant; (3) nuisanceless, pollution-free, except harmful organism, heavy metal ion has also reached national standard; (4) preventing disease and pest shows through planting experiment, and this kind fertilizer has the preventing disease and pest effect; (5) reasonable price can comprehensively be saved the expense of 20-30% than using chemical fertilizer, can also reach the purpose of increasing both production and income in addition;

(6) reduce labour intensity, fertiliser granulates is loose, applies conveniently, both can make base fertilizer, can do again and topdress, but equal single fertilization reduces labor intensity greatly.

The applicable metropolitan refuse treatment of this technology also can be suitable for the refuse treatment of small and medium-sized cities, be particularly useful for the refuse treatment of extremely frigid zones, so this technology is with a wide range of applications.

In sum, adopt bio-fermentation agent of the present invention and equipment, to domestic refuse handle have shorten the treatment time lack, reduce cost, characteristics such as treatment effect is good.

Fig. 1 is a fermentation ground jar front view;

Fig. 2 is a fermentation ground jar side partial sectional view;

Fig. 3 is a fermentation ground jar top view.

Embodiment 1: the preparation of compost fermentation agent:

Four kinds of bacterium are viride, actinomycetes, yeast, bacillus licheniformis, are selected from the Chinese Academy of Sciences biological preservation center and buy.

Slant strains (activation)-→ liquid spawn (15ml wort/Boiling tube, 30 ℃, the 220r/min shaking table is cultivated 16h)-→ (10% inoculum size) level liquid cultivation (30ml wort/250ml triangular flask, 30 ℃, the 220r/min shaking table is cultivated 20h)-→ (10% inoculum size) secondary liquid culture (220ml corn saccharification liquid/500ml triangular flask, 30 ℃, the 220r/min shaking table is cultivated 20h)-→ (10% inoculum size) big triangular flask liquid culture (1500ml corn saccharification liquid/3000ml triangular flask, 30 ℃, the 220r/min shaking table is cultivated 20h)-→ (40% inoculum size) solid medium wheat bran, mix after the inoculation, static then 40h, count with colony counting method, in 45 ℃ of oven dry-→ pulverize, in the bacterium number than 1: 1: 1: 1 ratio cooperates the solid cultures of 4 kinds of bacterium, add each 2% the NaCl and the solid additive of urea, promptly get the compost fermentation preparation, total count is 1.7 hundred million/g

Embodiment 2: the preparation of compound biological bacterium liquid:

1, inclined-plane seed culture: eight kinds of bacterium connect the inclined-plane respectively, cultivate 30 hours.Respectively join then in the 6ml sterilized water, vibrated 30 minutes, treat that evenly count with blood counting chamber the back, the bacterium number average that makes various bacterium in every test tube is 10 ⁸Individual/ml, get bacteria suspension;

2, first order seed is cultivated: each 1ml of bacteria suspension that gets eight kinds of bacterium puts into eight 250ml triangular flasks respectively, put into the 100ml nutrient solution in every triangular flask respectively, P bacterium wherein, the K bacterium, the amylolysis bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis (is made into nutrient solution with distilled water with No. 2 substratum, down together), vinelandii are with No. 3 substratum, yeast is with No. 13 substratum, cellulose-decomposing bacterium is with No. 36 substratum, 30 ℃ of cultivations of shaking table (180 rev/mins), pH value 7.2, after each cultivates 48 hours, with blood counting chamber method counting, by bacterium number in the unit volume than each 12.5% with eight kinds of microbial inoculums mixing;

3, secondary seed is cultivated:, to get mixed microbial inoculum 20ml and put into the 500ml triangular flask, substratum is selected peptone 20 grams, NaCl 10 grams, extractum carnis 6 grams, MgSO for use ₄7H ₂O 20 grams 1, FeSO ₄7H ₂O 0.02 gram, K ₂HPO ₄2 grams, Na ₂HPO ₄1 gram, Xylo-Mucine 4 grams, CaCl ₂0.2 gram, sucrose 10 grams, (NH ₄) ₂SO ₄2 grams mix, and are made into the 200ml nutrient solution with distilled water, and shaking table (180 rev/mins of revolutions) was cultivated 48 hours for 30 ℃, and the pH value is 7.2, gets 5.5 * 10 ⁹The composite fungus agent of individual/ml;

Embodiment 3: refuse treatment:

1, rubbish stores a mechanical broken bag, picking then, and the object that is unfavorable for fermenting (as glass, plastics, iron, brick and tile etc.) is removed;

2, rubbish is mixed with starter, make the bacterium number in the rubbish reach 1.3 * 10 ⁶Individual/g;

3, rubbish enters the ground jar, and it is 30 ℃ that external energy makes temperature, treats that fermentor tank rises to 65 ℃ from the temperature of fermenting, and keeps 67 hours, keeps moisture 50%, ventilation speed 0.1m in the process ³/ min.m ³, and C/N=30: 1, C/P=120: 1; Remove wind regime, external energy makes temperature rapid (2 hours) reach 100 ℃, keeps 4 hours, stops to heat, and cools off discharging 2 hours;

4, go out ground jar after, further cool to room temperature, pulverizing then, magnetic separation, screening, wherein metal object is recycled, the inorganics landfill, the screen overflow in the organism burns, screen underflow further ferments;

5, add starter in the screen underflow again, make the bacterium number reach 1.3 * 10 ⁶Individual/g, enter into aerobic fermentation tank, external energy makes temperature reach 30 ℃, spontaneous fermentation then, when temperature reaches 60 ℃, kept 96 hours, moisture keeps 50% in the process, C/N=30: 1, C/P=120: 1, go out the further magnetic separation in pond, screening, pulverizing then, get particle diameter 80 purpose refuse soils, store stand-by;

6, rubbish and composite bacteria agent after selected are puddled, make that the bacterium number reaches 2.67 hundred million/g in the refuse soil, regulate nutrition: trace copper (0.05%), molybdenum (0.03%), zinc (0.03%), iron (0.09%), C/N reaches 30: 1, N: P: K reaches 14: 12: 6, moderate-element CaO (4%), MgO (2%) and S (2%), carry out granulation, particle diameter 3.5mm, it is 8% that drying makes moisture, promptly is prepared into biological organic fertilizer.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of biotechnology of utilizing is handled the method for domestic refuse for efficient biologic-organic fertilizer, and its step is as follows:

(1) stores a mechanical broken bag, picking then at rubbish, the object glass that is unfavorable for fermenting, plastics, iron, brick and tile etc. are removed;

(2) rubbish is mixed with starter, make the bacterium number in the rubbish reach 1.0 ± 0.3 * 10 ⁶Individual/g;

(3) rubbish enters fermentation ground jar, and it is 30 ℃ that external energy makes temperature, treats that fermentor tank rises to 60-70 ℃ from the temperature of fermenting, and keeps 2-3 days, keeps moisture 50%, ventilation speed 0.05-0.2m in the process ³/ min.m ³, and C/N=20-40: 1, C/P=100-150: 1; Remove wind regime, external energy rises to about 100 ℃ temperature rapidly, keeps 2-4 hour, stops to heat, and cools off 1-2 hour, gets final product discharging;

(4) go out ground jar after, further cool to room temperature, pulverizing then, magnetic separation, screening, wherein metal object is recycled, the inorganics landfill, the screen overflow in the organism burns, screen underflow further ferments;

(5) add starter in the screen underflow again, make the bacterium number reach 1.0 ± 0.3 * 10 ⁶Individual/g, enter into aerobic fermentation tank, external energy makes temperature reach 30 ℃, spontaneous fermentation then, when temperature reaches 50-60 ℃, kept 3-4 days, moisture keeps 50% in the process, C/N=20-40: 1, C/P=100-150: 1, go out the further magnetic separation in pond, screening, pulverizing then, get particle diameter 80 purpose refuse soils, store stand-by;

(6) rubbish and composite bacteria agent after selected are puddled, make that the bacterium number reaches hundred million/g of 2-3 in the refuse soil, regulate nutrition: trace copper, molybdenum, zinc, iron amount to 0.2%, C/N reaches 20-40: 1, and N: P: K reaches 10-15: 8-15: 5-12, moderate-element CaO, MgO and S content amount to 8%, carry out granulation, particle diameter reaches 2.5-4.5mm, and drying makes moisture less than 10%, is prepared into biological organic fertilizer.

2, a kind of biotechnology of utilizing as claimed in claim 1 is handled the method for domestic refuse for efficient biologic-organic fertilizer, it is characterized in that: described starter is made up of viride, actinomycetes, yeast, bacillus licheniformis, and bacterium is counted ratio and is followed successively by 10-40%: 10-40%: 10-40%: 10-40%.

3, a kind of biotechnology of utilizing as claimed in claim 1 is handled the method for domestic refuse for efficient biologic-organic fertilizer, it is characterized in that: described fermentation ground jar is made up of evacuated tube (1), casing (2), temperature tube pillar (5), tracheae (6), inlet pipe (7), sewage pipe (8), cover bracket (9), and the side's of being body is cone structure down on the fermentor tank.

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