CN1273342A - Method and device for monitoring and locating leakage of fluid delivering pipeline - Google Patents
Method and device for monitoring and locating leakage of fluid delivering pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- CN1273342A CN1273342A CN 99107241 CN99107241A CN1273342A CN 1273342 A CN1273342 A CN 1273342A CN 99107241 CN99107241 CN 99107241 CN 99107241 A CN99107241 A CN 99107241A CN 1273342 A CN1273342 A CN 1273342A
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Abstract
An intelligent monitor equipment composed of two computers (or intelligent meters) set up at both ends of pipeline to be monitored and a transmission medium to connect them is used. The pressure signals and flows at both ends are acquired. The pressure drop and flow difference are calculated to judge if there is leakage. The measured relationship curve of the pressure wave transfer speed to flow difference is measured to determine the leaking point. Its advantages include self-test, adaptive and self-learing functions.
Description
The present invention relates to fluid-transporting tubing, belong to and using the pipeline monitoring technical field, the method and apparatus of particularly a kind of fluid line leakage monitoring location is in particular for monitoring and the location of various length apart from buried pipeline.
In the fluid-transporting tubing monitoring technical field, many methods are all arranged both at home and abroad, in this respect, the Chinese invention patent application is narrated for No. 96121000.1 very in detail, compare with other technology, No. 96121000.1, Chinese invention patent application is the most creative, and this also has been the state-of-the-art technology that can retrieve at present in this skill water field.This technology is that the signal of plurality of sensors collection, storage, transmission reflection pipe-line system operation conditions is installed in pipeline, transfer pump, pipeline environment, analyze with the time domain of pipeline operation conditions signal, the neural network model that frequency domain character is input matrix, with waveform recognition classification and the identification waveform flex point of pattern recognition the pipeline run signal.Suppress influence of noise and discern the waveform flex point and judge whether pipeline leaks with wavelet transformation, with the revised velocity of wave of the omnidistance temperature distribution of pipeline leakage point is located, based on the fitting function of describing the leakage signal propagation attenuation characteristics leakage point is located, with flow and error matched curve dynamic calibration flowmeter, based on pipeline hydraulic heating power consolidated equation set up be applicable to wait gentleness not the model of isothermal pipeline to survey parameter with pipeline be that boundary conditions is located pipeline leakage testing, the different confidence coefficients that the algorithms of different module are set according to on-the-spot pipeline characteristics are comprehensively judged the confidence coefficient of pipeline leakage testing positioning result.As can be seen, this invention is a very complicated system, and this has just caused a series of problem.At first be to use a large amount of sensor easy break-downs will cause system reliability poor, cause system maintenance expense height and be difficult for use, another is that various sensor errors can't all be gone dynamic calibration, this will cause various calculating to become " false account is really calculated " deriving a wrong conclusion, only the flowmeter error has been carried out dynamic calibration in the invention, and the flow of flowmeter and error matched curve can only be that benchmark is made with the calibrating data, but the reasons such as wearing and tearing of flowmeter will inevitably depart from former calibrating point in the actual using process, and this just makes dynamic calibration produce deviation again.Minute leakage for pipeline, no matter be flowmeter or other what sensor, detected signal change section is faint, the small degree of this signal may be significantly smaller than the resultant error of sensor, and the different different error characters constantly of certain sensor are not complete regular following yet, we know that the problems referred to above that will solve sensor can adopt same measuring point to obtain revising with several same sensor rice, but this does not obviously have use value.We can say, if various sensor errors are all little of ignoring, it is not difficult to implement foregoing invention, and that problem is that the signal that will detect changes the error of ratio sensor often itself is also much smaller, this problem does not solve, and it is very difficult that the technology that No. 96121000.1, the Chinese invention patent application is used on engineering.As for other method, such as difference in flow, pressure difference method; Listening methods; The pressure surge detection method; Pipeline modeling or the like, all failing becomes the technology that can apply on a kind of engineering, and reason is different, is identical but any is arranged, and is exactly weak output signal, poor anti jamming capability.And this problem is the key that causes present this field not make a breakthrough.Aspect the data collection processing, in the majority based on the method for fluid mechanics fundamental equation, but the data that this method will obtain can't accurately obtain, and natural system also just can not possess use value.
The present invention puts forward at the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, purpose be seek a kind of easy realization, method leakage damage that pipeline is taken place reliably etc. detects and locate.The present invention also adopts difference in flow, pressure difference method to detect, but the obtaining with anti-interference aspect of deficiency, especially weak signal that has overcome conventional art obtained breakthrough.This method not only can detect and locate, and can provide leakage rate and leakage rate accurately, the moment of taking place, have higher sensitivity and less rate of false alarm, device constitutes simple, easy care, to the self check of fault energy, can follow the pipeline running state automatically, automatically detect pipeline pressure surge propagation characteristic, have automatic study and revise to judge the function of parameter according to the pipeline real-time characteristic, for the fluid viscosity that influences the pipeline dynamic characteristic, density, thermal capacitance, the isoparametric variation of flowing state can give the automatic correction-compensation of dynamic tracking type to the influence that detection and location produce, thereby making to detect has higher confidence coefficient.Because the used detected parameters of the present invention is few, and has above-mentioned series of advantages, historical facts or anecdotes is executed the present invention and just is easy to.
Now, let us is analyzed the judgement of line transportation characteristics and leakage in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
In length is that two end points of pipeline of L are respectively A station and B station, and the fluid at A station is through pump 1, and outlet valve 2 and flowmeter 3, pressure instrument 4 enter pipeline L, and behind piping L, fluid begins to flow to B and stands.At B station inlet, pressure instrument 5 is housed, flowmeter 6, the fluid that comes out from the flowmeter valve 7 of can flowing through enters jars 8, the valve 9 of also can flowing through enters jar 10, and under normal operation, the fluid flow of the L that flows through needs become with producing, be respectively operation of A station and the operation of B station, and the result of operation changes flow.When the operation of A station, be divided into augmented flow and reduce flow, when needing augmented flow, can increase flow, the flow Q of the flowmeter 3 of flowing through like this by rotating speed that improves pump 1 or the way of opening outlet valve 2
1Just rise, then pressure P just appears in pressure instrument 4 places
1Rise, the flow of this increase forms a pressure wave and propagates toward the flow process below, through t
LAfter time, pass to inlet pressure instrument 5 places, B station, make this place's pressure P
2Rise, make the flow Q of the flowmeter 6 of flowing through then
2Also rise, if the A station reduces discharge capacity, as a same reason, flowmeter 3 flows descended before this, then were pressure instrument 4 place's pressure P
1Descend, through t
LAfter time, pressure instrument 5P
2Descend the flow Q of flowmeter 6
2Descend.The operation of B station is similarly operated if tank switching is carried out at the B station, from high liquid level B
1Guide to low liquid level B
2, at first be the flow Q that causes flowmeter 6
2Rising, then is the pressure P of pressure instrument 5
2Descend, through t
LAfter time, pressure instrument 4 place's pressure P
1Descend the flow Q at flowmeter 3 places
1Rise.On the contrary, if the B station is reduced flow, the flow Q on the flowmeter 6 before this then
2Reducing, then is pressure instrument 5 place's pressure P
2Rise, through t
LAfter time, pressure instrument 4 place's pressure P
1Rise the flow Q on the flowmeter 3
1Descend.By top analysis, we can know that list rises or descends from a certain end pressure and infers that pipeline is normally or leakage obviously is irrational; if the drag characteristic of pipeline L does not change when analyzing; we can think that Δ Q=Δ P/Zi sets up, here, and Δ Q=Q
1-Q
2Δ P=P
1-P
2Zi is the pipe resistance charcteristic function, and the time t that pressure wave transmits
LThen reacted the pressure propagation characteristic under the pipeline running state, as can be known t
LBe exactly the function of duct length L, known t
LCertainly just known duct length.
From top analysis, we just know that most clearly difference in flow Δ Q is directly proportional with pressure difference Δ P, and an end operation change feed status all will be passed through t
LTime after pass to the other end, if two stations receive the time of pressure difference Δ P less than t
LSo just can conclude that this pressure wave source is created in the middle a certain position of L, and the other end is not passed in pressure surge, do not cause the variation of flow Q yet, that is exactly that what fault is instrument itself (press affair instrument) have or how other external force influence causes the instantaneous pressure shake, the rule when if the change of pressure flow does not meet normal the conveying, promptly sequencing is not right, and that is that leakage has appearred in pipeline very likely just.
On the other hand, Δ Q will change with the pipeline operation conditions, and this is because general flowmeter all provides volume flowrate, and volume flowrate is then with the pipeline flow size, change along conditions such as journey heat exchanges, to be pipeline fall i along the hydrodynamic wave (H wave) of journey to Δ P, and this value also changes with the line transportation situation.But anatomize as can be known, under the normal operation conditions of pipeline, the variation of step evolution all can not appear in Δ Q and Δ P, this be because, the reason that Δ Q produces mainly is error characteristics, pipeline operation conditions and the pipeline of flowmeter and the synthesis result of environment heat exchange characteristics, and the error of flowmeter is to produce step, the heat exchange of pipeline and environment also is that a large time delay process does not more have precipitous step, and the variation of Δ P and flow size are the most direct, and be also relevant with flowing state certainly.But the relation of (not having this sudden change in the normal regulating) Δ P and Δ Q is with regard to can not changing as long as pipe characteristic is not undergone mutation in above-mentioned adjusting, and pump, the operation of valve always has a process gradually, all do not have in a word to leak to pressure, flow effect fast, on the other hand, we know, pipeline for an operation, in the Δ t time, drag characteristic can not change, and Q=Δ P/Zi can not suddenly change, Just because of this, no matter in that end operation of pipeline, the variation of operating end must be passed to the other end, and the time of transmitting is exactly the function of duct length L, according to this rule, when pipeline takes place to leak, just can extrapolate the position of leaking origination point according to this function.Such as, if at A, the pressure dropping signal is received at the B two ends simultaneously, this leakage point must occur on identical that of both sides propagation of pressure time, and this point is not pipeline A, how much mid points of B length, density was to gradually change when this flowed in pipeline because of fluid, thereby fluid is changed to the transport velocity of pressure wave, certainly also have other factors to affect the transmission of pressure wave, and everything, fully can be at measuring pressure, flow and changing with it on the time corresponding coordinate shows, and adopts metering system to obtain the image of pipeline operation conditions, is the best approach that other complicated link is simplified.Though many factors influence are to the judgement of pipe leakage point, each factor is all investigated thoroughly promptly impossible, and is also unrealistic, must adopt the way of Continuous Tracking pipeline running state.Open the form of a Δ t time on trace, we have just eliminated the influence of those slow running parameter Δ P, Δ Q by Δ t form, and have only given prominence to the Δ P of sudden change
i, Δ Q
iNumerical value, so just can know whether pipeline leakage has taken place.When the sudden change of pressure or flow has taken place pipeline one end, send signal to the other end simultaneously, if the other end is at t
LDo not receive with it corresponding signal in time, this is a kind of state, if the other end has been received sort signal, this is again to show another kind of state, now we to analyze be how to utilize this variation to judge pipe leakage.
We find that by Δ t window the A end pressure changes and B holds the discovery Δ P-Δ P that compares now
iBe negative value, crossed pressure wave passing time t
LConstantly, we can have nine kinds of combinations to come estimate of situation, i.e. Δ P
iEqual respectively, less than, greater than Δ P, Δ Q
iEqual respectively, less than, greater than Δ Q.Because the function relation of Δ Q and Δ P, we know if pipeline did not leak, Δ P
iThe direction and the Δ Q that change
iThe direction that changes is identical, the two is just along Δ P-Δ Q curvilinear motion, this variation promptly is the manual tune valve, tank switching or fall due to the operation such as pump, if combination has broken away from Δ P-Δ Q curve, particular point promptly appears, and promptly pipeline has gone out leakage, be reference value with Δ t preceding constantly Δ P, Δ Q this moment, with Δ P
i-Δ P makes change value of pressure; Δ Q
i-Δ Q is a leakage value.We have just determined leakage, and then can handle leakage situation.Because Δ Q, Δ P comprise instrument error, we adopt this mode to differentiate and handles, and instrument error influences and has been eliminated.The adequate condition of Guo Louing is as can be seen: Δ Q
i＞Δ Q; Step appears in Δ P, and signal is arranged rationally, and the time t of the time difference of pressure wave less than pressure wave unidirectional delivery whole process received at two ends
LIn addition, all be measuring instrument or other link fault.If Δ Q is only arranged
iOr has only Δ P
iChange, all can not be as the foundation of leaking.Like this, we have just realized the self diagnosis of fault.By this piecewise analysis, we have known that the judgement basis data are Δ P and Δ Q, and Δ P and Δ Q constantly change, just Δ t constantly in variation can ignore, Δ t is constantly passing forward in time, Δ P when we just constantly admit Δ t and Δ Q are new judgement radix, realized so just having eliminated the influence of various errors, increased signal to noise ratio judging the automatic modification of radix, realized dynamic tracking, and instrument is required also easily to realize.Are be to leak that constantly, detecting now, but whether new Δ P and Δ Q that this moment forms later also considered to normal value? it or not normal value.Because confirmed leakage, carry out monitoring and statistics to leakage this moment, so as to provide leakage rate, constantly, leakage rate etc., under leak condition, just Δ P before this and Δ Q value are only the reference value of judging leakage.From as can be seen above-mentioned, monitoring device is to learn to be familiar with the pipeline working state constantly automatically.Because Δ P-Δ Q curve is actual test value, this curve also constantly is being corrected.
After knowing the existence of leakage, be exactly location how.We know, in 0 ℃ water, pressure-wave emission speed is 1430m/s, and in a pipeline, a kind of fixedly fluid is held the B end by A, the fluid density compressibility coefficient is inequality, and the purity of fluid composition has also constituted influence to compressibility coefficient, and the pressure wave speed that it is propagated gradually changes from A to B, and we are input to this rule in the computer, just can proofread and correct above-mentioned A, when the B termination is received pressure signal, where leakage point has occurred in.Because the pipeline operation conditions changes, fluid flow state, change of properties will cause transmitting the pressure wave propagation velocity and change, how to proofread and correct this variation? changed if an end pressure has been mentioned in the front, crossed t
LThe other end just produces corresponding variation, this t constantly
LBe exactly given one and longly be the pipeline fluid pressure wave passing time of L, adjust one time the pipeline Operational Limits, just equal to send the signal of once revising the pressure wave transfer rate to monitoring device, and this transmission (promptly adjusting the pipeline Operational Limits) is recurrent, but Changing Pattern is constant on the way, we constantly gather parameter automatically and upgrade, certainly just make also that the accuracy of fixed point changes unlikely decline with the pipeline operation, so just realize the automatic correction-compensation of dynamic tracking type, proofreaied and correct fixed-point data.
The present invention is treating that computer (or intelligent meter specially) is housed respectively along pipeline A, B two ends, gather two ends flow and pressure signal, two ends are connected into the unified intelligent monitoring device of a cover by transmission medium (cable, optical cable, local line or wireless telecommunications); To pressure, changes in flow rate add up, analytical calculation, containing the difference in flow Δ Q of instrument error item and pressure when normally moving with pipeline, to fall Δ P be judgment standard, is as the criterion with measured data and sets up Δ P-Δ Q curve, and pipeline is monitored, so that the elimination instrument error is found to leak.Take place in case have to leak, just push the Reeb transfer function and calculate, draw the leakage point position.For the adjustment of pipeline working state in service,, obtain the detection of detection device and admitted then as the new radix of judgment data.Device is from motion tracking pipeline operation conditions, adopt window to judge tracing correction difference radix, improve signal to noise ratio, improve accuracy, whole device has autolearn feature, draws the conclusion of pipe leakage and leakage point position according to judgement, adopt the function of real-time observed pressure ripple passing time as pipeline length, the principle of transmitting to both sides simultaneously according to the leak pressure ripple is as the criterion with observed pressure ripple passing time and actual measurement Δ Q/Q that to set up correlation curve be foundation, revises the data of leakage point.According to the relation of pressure differential deltap P and difference in flow Δ Q, Δ P during again according to leakage
iStep and Δ Q
iWhether the sufficient and necessary condition that increases breaks down and gives discriminant alarm leaking still measuring instrument, realizes fault self-diagnosis.The used instrument of whole device is few, require not harsh to accuracy of instrument, this is because use Δ P and Δ Q as differentiating the factor, and Δ P and Δ Q have comprised the error of instrument, and like this, the data increment of new sampling does not just contain instrument error, and device can learn to follow the tracks of the variation of Δ P and Δ Q automatically, and constantly revise and admit, eliminated the error that instrument error and other parameter influence produce like this once the cover intelligent device, make this system can provide reliable conclusion.As seen simple, reliable, the easily realization of the present invention.
Have a talk application of the present invention according to an embodiment below.
In China many petroleum pipelines are arranged, these petroleum pipelines are the heating pressurized delivered mostly.Selecting certain 50 kilometers long oil pipeline line is example, and pipeline goes out A station pressure 2.5MPa, advances B station pressure 1.5MPa, oil transportation amount Q=110m
3/ h, measured value Δ P=1.05MPa, Δ Q=5.06m
3/ h, B station monitoring pressure dropped to 0.99MPa53.6 and went out A station pressure after second and drop to 2.48MPa one day, went out A station Q
A=156.1m
3/ h advances B station Q
BBe 148.9m
3/ h draws Δ P like this
i=1.49MPa, Δ Q
i=7.2m
3/ h, establishing window width Δ t during monitoring is 0.5S, do not occur rank getting over property sudden change in this window, and Δ P rises, Δ Q also rises, and changing value has dropped on the Δ P-Δ Q curve, so draw as drawing a conclusion: the tank switching operation of B station, through examination, above-mentioned conclusion is proved, learn that as calculated pressure wave transmission speed is 932.8m/s.
Certain sunrise A station pressure descends suddenly, drops to 2.5MPa by former 2.56MPa, and the B station drops to 1.0MPa by original 1.1MPa after 36 seconds, obvious step occurs owing to going out the pressure decline of A station in Δ t, just is judged as pipeline leakage, is stood also at t by B in the back
LIn measure same variation, further be judged as leakage, A stands in t
LFlow is 153m constantly
3/ h, the B flow that enters the station at the station is 146m
3/ h, when step occurred, A station flow was 159m
3/ h, B enter the station at the station flow by dropping to 117m originally
3/ h, Δ P rises to 1.50MPa by 1.46MPa like this, and Δ Q is by original 7m
3/ h rises to 42m
3/ h, away from Δ P-Δ Q curve, and two ends receive that the time difference of variation in pressure ripple is 36 seconds, less than the t of last registration
LBe worth-53.6 seconds, so conclude, leakage has taken place in pipeline, and leakage rate is 35m
3/ h, the initial time of leakage occur in the A station and received signal preceding 8.8 seconds, 8.23 kilometers places, distance A station.Through actual survey, occur in 8.21 kilometers places, obtain proof.
In China, various length are long a lot of apart from transfer line apart from Pipeline Under Mother Earth line and other, often take place to leak to bring about great losses.Adopt straightforward procedure of the present invention, just can fix a point, monitor out quantitatively this variation, provide strong guarantee,, all can play an important role for reducing environmental pollution to improving FLUID TRANSPORTATION unit-economy benefit in time overhauling, reducing the loss.
Claims (1)
- At pipeline A to be measured, B two ends computer (or smart instrumentation) is housed respectively, gathers two ends flow and pressure signal, two ends are connected into the unified intelligent monitoring device of a cover by transmission medium (cable, optical cable, local line or wireless telecommunications); To pressure, changes in flow rate add up, analytical calculation, containing the difference in flow Δ Q of instrument error item and pressure when normally moving with pipeline, to fall Δ P be discrimination standard, be as the criterion with measured data and set up Δ P-Δ Q curve, pipeline is monitored, so that eliminate instrument error, find to leak.Take place in case have to leak, just push the Reeb transfer function and calculate, draw the leakage point position.For the adjustment of pipeline working state in service,, obtain the detection of detection device and admitted then as the new radix of judgment data.Device adopts window to differentiate tracing and proofreaies and correct the differentiation radix from motion tracking pipeline operation conditions, improves signal to noise ratio, improves accuracy.Whole device has autolearn feature, draws the conclusion of pipe leakage and leakage point position according to judgement.Adopt the function of real-time observed pressure ripple passing time as pipeline length, according to the principle of leak pressure ripple while to the both sides transmission, being as the criterion with observed pressure ripple passing time and actual measurement Δ the Q/Q ratio of flow (difference in flow with), to set up correlation curve be foundation, revises the data of leakage point.According to the relation of pressure differential deltap P and difference in flow Δ Q, Δ P during again according to leakage iStep and Δ Q iWhether the sufficient and necessary condition that increases breaks down and gives discriminant alarm leaking still measuring instrument, realizes fault self-diagnosis., make the data increment of new sampling not contain instrument error, thereby this difficult problem of instrument error is eliminated in the present invention as differentiating the factor with the Δ P that contains the instrument error item and Δ Q.Device can learn to follow the tracks of the variation of Δ P and Δ Q automatically, and constantly revises and admit.Eliminated the error that instrument error and other parameter influence produce like this, made this system can provide reliable conclusion once the cover intelligent device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB991072413A CN1138085C (en) | 1999-05-10 | 1999-05-10 | Method and device for monitoring and locating leakage of fluid delivering pipeline |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB991072413A CN1138085C (en) | 1999-05-10 | 1999-05-10 | Method and device for monitoring and locating leakage of fluid delivering pipeline |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1273342A true CN1273342A (en) | 2000-11-15 |
| CN1138085C CN1138085C (en) | 2004-02-11 |
Family
ID=5272667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB991072413A Expired - Fee Related CN1138085C (en) | 1999-05-10 | 1999-05-10 | Method and device for monitoring and locating leakage of fluid delivering pipeline |
Country Status (1)
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1138085C (en) |
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