CN101761780A - Gas pipeline leakage detecting and positioning device and method thereof - Google Patents
Gas pipeline leakage detecting and positioning device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas pipeline leakage detecting and positioning device and a method based on transient model method, which belong to the technical field of failure diagnosis and flow safety security. The detecting device comprises a sensor group, a signal pre-processing device, an I/V plate, a collecting card, a voltage-stabilized power supply, and an operating condition machine; the detecting method includes of establishing a math model for the liquid flowing in the pipe, solving the flow parameters change in the pipe through a computer under a certain boundary condition, and comparing the model calculating values with the true measuring values at the pipe end; when the difference of the true measuring values and calculating values exceeds a certain range, then a leakage can be identified, and the leakage is positioned through a pressure gradient method. The invention provides a leakage detecting method based on the transient model method, and has the advantages of less investment, high sensitivity and good adaptability, and can be used for detecting and positioning gas leakage and leakage point for on-site gas pipeline.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of pipeline leakage testing positioning device and detection and location method, especially use the transient model method to carry out gas pipeline Leak testtion and location, belong to fault diagnosis and mobile safety guarantee technical field.
Background technique:
The gas pipeline leakage detecting method roughly is divided three classes: a class is based on detection method in the pipe of logical playing skill arts such as magnetic flux, eddy current, shooting, is called the pipeline machine (Pig) of creeping.This method accurate positioning, but higher to the pipeline conditional request is stopped up during actual the use, accident such as stoppage in transit and can't onlinely detecting easily.Second class is based on the external detection method of Operational Limitss such as line pressure, temperature, flow, vibrations, use more have difference in flow, pressure difference, suction wave and sonic method, this class methods expense is lower and can continuous on-line detection, but locating accuracy is low, the failing to report of leakage accident, rate of false alarm height, engineering is truly used also needs to do a large amount of work.The 3rd class is based on many supplementary meanss of manual inspection exploitation, as: portable/vehicle carried type is infrared, the laser gas prober, the animals of instrument such as leakage noise prober and specialized training etc., this class methods labor intensity is big and can not realize that continuous real-time online detects.
Evaluation index through a large amount of investigations and the main leakage detection method of comprehensive analysis can draw:
Detecting method | Sensitivity | Location accuracy | Detection time | Rate of false alarm | Practicability | Reliability | Cost performance |
Intelligence is climbed machine in the pipe | High | High | Longer | Lower | Relatively poor | Higher | Medium |
Quality or volumetric balance method | Difference | Difference | Shorter | The highest | Relatively poor | Relatively poor | Low |
Gas imaging | High | Medium | Longer | High | Relatively poor | Medium | Low |
GPR | High | High | Short | High | Relatively poor | Medium | Low |
Pressure gradient method | Higher | Medium | Shorter | Medium | Medium | Medium | Medium |
Negative pressure wave method | Higher | Higher | Shorter | High | Relatively poor | Relatively poor | Medium |
Based on neural net method | High | High | Medium | Medium | Medium | Relatively poor | Low |
Statistic decision method | Higher | Higher | Medium | Low | Medium | Medium | Medium |
Detecting method | Sensitivity | Location accuracy | Detection time | Rate of false alarm | Practicability | Reliability | Cost performance |
The transient model method | Higher | Higher | Long | Medium | Better | Higher | Medium |
Optical fiber sensing technology | Higher | High | Shorter | Medium | Better | Higher | Medium |
The sound wave detection method | High | High | Very short | Low | Better | Higher | Medium |
As can be seen from the above table, transient model method, distribution type fiber-optic method and sound wave detection method are reasonable leak detection technologies.Wherein, the distribution type fiber-optic method needs installation data transmission and optical fiber transducer and supporting software systems, invest very high, and construction maintenance inconvenience, the optical fiber shock sensor belongs to precision electronic device, accuracy requires high, validity directly influences the detection effect; The transmission of sound wave detection method installation data and sound wave sensor and supporting software systems, investment can be very high, and be subject to external environment noise interference, demanding filter effect.And the transient model method has the following advantages: 1. can utilize existing SCADA or DCS system to carry out data capture, need not to increase other investment.Dynamic characteristics such as flow that 2. can convection cell, temperature and pressure are set up mathematical model, consider characteristics such as the viscosity of the physical property such as pipe range, diameter and wall thickness of pipeline and fed sheet of a media and density.3. can detect normal pipeline filling and stress-relief process by volume compensation.In the process of pipeline startup and stopping transportation, also can use.4. highly sensitive, can detect leakage less than 1%, adaptive capacity is strong.
So the present invention selects to use the transient model method to carry out the design of gas pipeline Leak testtion.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide the device and the detection and location method of a kind of gas pipeline Leak testtion and leakage point location.
For achieving the above object, technological scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
Main hardware based on the device of the gas pipeline Leak testtion of transient model and leakage point location comprises sensor groups, signal pre-process equipment, I/V plate, capture card, stabilized power supply, operating mode machine.Sensor groups is made up of pressure transmitter, flow transmitter and temperature transmitter, be connected the terminus that will carry out the Leak testtion pipeline section, directly the gas with the pipeline the inside contacts, signal pre-process equipment is positioned near the signal source, the I/V plate is positioned near the operating mode machine, and links to each other with capture card on being inserted in operating mode machine mainboard.The pressure that the pipeline section terminus need be gathered, flow and temperature, be transformed into electrical signal through sensor groups, after pass to signal pre-process equipment (what have is together integrated with sensor), carry out signal condition, be transferred on the I/V plate that links to each other with the operating mode machine through shielding wire then, the I/V plate is converted to 1~5 volt of voltage signal with 4~20 milliamperes of current signals, then by the capture card collection, data are passed on the operating mode machine show processing, data acquisition program in the operating mode machine is write with configuration software, and stabilized power supply provides each instrument and apparatus needed VDC.
Based on the Leak testtion of transient model and the method for location is that the gas in the gas pipeline is set up strict mathematics model, and use fast transient numerical simulation technology that Nonlinear System of Equations is carried out numerical solution based on method of characteristics, based on actual terminus pressure and the data on flows that records, obtain gas flow parameter (flow, pressure and temperature) in time with the variation relation of length of pipeline, then the pipeline that calculates is risen, rising of terminal point flow and the actual measurement of pipeline sensor, the terminal point flow compares, by difference is between the two leaked judgement with the method that the leakage judgment threshold compares, adopt pressure gradient that leakage point is positioned simultaneously, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) sets up the gas pipeline transient simulation set of equation of forming by fluid mobile equation of continuity, motion equation, energy equation and equation of state of gas.Because set of equation is non-linear, need to adopt method of characteristics to find the solution, obtain the relation of pipeline flow along the line, pressure and time, distance, and then draw the pipeline pressure in arbitrary moment of each point along the line, flow rate calculation value.
(2) with the pipeline leakage floor data as the basis, adopt the method for pressure and the parametric statistics of flux signal wave character to obtain leaking judgment threshold, specific implementation is:
1. calculate letter pressure flow wave character statistical parameter
A. average amplitude distance;
B. root-mean-square distance;
C. slope mean distance.
2. determine waveform configuration statistics criterion
Waveform configuration statistics criterion is the linear combination of above-mentioned three distances, and wherein, the weights of each distance are determined by test according to the importance degree that detects requirement and 3 distances, changed the size that they can change threshold value.
(3) flow (pressure) difference that calculates the actual measurement of pipeline start, end and simulate, and the method that adopts signal waveform special parameter statistics calculates the parametric statistics value of this difference, and with leak judgment threshold and compare, when the parametric statistics value when leaking judgment threshold, just think leakage has taken place, and send the leakage alarm signal.
(4) situation about flowing for transient state adopts pressure gradient method to carry out leakage positioning.The basic principle of pressure gradient method is: as boundary conditions, can simulate a pressure history that pipeline is along the line with the starting point pressure of field measurement and data on flows; Same terminal pressure with field measurement, data on flows also can simulate a pressure history that pipeline is along the line as boundary conditions, and these two pressure histories will have an intersection point, and this intersection point is exactly the leakage point of pipeline theoretically.
Leak testtion and positioning software system based on transient model adopt programming language to write, and program can integrate with data acquisition program.When capture card was digital signal with analog signal conversion, the capture program image data was carried out real-time demonstration, the preservation of data, simultaneously data was forwarded to Leak testtion and finder module, carried out Leak testtion and location.
The technical order that the present invention reaches is: by a large amount of tests and analysis, testing precision at pressure transducer is 0.25%, the flow measurement precision is under 0.15% condition, and is as follows based on the key technical indexes of the leak detection system of modelling: rate of false alarm≤5%, rate of failing to report are zero; The minimum detectable ability is 1% of a total discharge; The Location accuracy that detects at two transducer spacings in 0.1%; The response time of detecting is in 3 minutes; Take place back 5 minute in leakage positioning time.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: find the solution gas flow parameter in the pipeline by setting up the gas flow equation group that matches with real gas, and used the method for signal waveform parameter attribute statistics that the feature of signal is added up to determine to leak judgment threshold, improve effectively and leak the sensitivity of judging, reduce to leak the rate of false alarm of judgement simultaneously, can be used for the Leak testtion and the leakage point location of on-the-spot natural gas line.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is gas pipeline Leak testtion and the positioning device that the present invention is based on transient model.
Fig. 2 is Leak testtion and the localization method schematic representation that the present invention is based on transient model.
Fig. 3 is a Leak testtion algorithm block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is pressure gradient method positioning principle figure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is Leak testtion and the finder flow chart that the present invention is based on transient model.
Among Fig. 1: 1a-pressure transmitter, 1b-pressure transmitter, 2a-flow transmitter, the 2b-flow transmitter, the 3a-temperature transmitter, 3b-temperature transmitter, 4a-signal pre-process equipment, 4b-signal pre-process equipment, the 5a-I/V plate, the 5b-I/V plate, 6-is with the operating mode machine of inner capture card, the 7-stabilized power supply, the 8-shielding wire.
Embodiment:
For making purpose of the present invention, technological scheme more clear, the present invention is described in further detail with reference to accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of based on the gas pipeline Leak testtion of transient model and the device of leakage point location, comprise sensor groups, signal pre-process equipment 4, I/V plate 5, operating mode machine 6, stabilized power supply 7 and shielding wire 8 with inner capture card.Sensor groups is made up of two pressure transmitter 1a and 1b, two flow transmitter 2a and 2b and two temperature transmitter 3a and 3b, be connected to the terminus that will carry out the pipeline section of Leak testtion, directly the gas with the pipeline the inside contacts, two signal pre-process equipment 4a and 4b are positioned near the signal source, two I/ V plate 5a and 5b are positioned near the operating mode machine, and link to each other with capture card on being inserted in operating mode machine 6 mainboards, stabilized power supply 7 links to each other with two I/ V plate 5a, 5b, for each instrument and apparatus provides needed VDC.Pressure transmitter, flow transmitter and temperature transmitter adopt the output of 4-20mA electric current, range is relevant with the ducted gas medium of detect, general signal pre-process equipment is integrated in the transmitter by producer, can not buy the pre-process equipment that mates with sensor groups separately if having.I/V plate and capture card 6 together use American National instrument company product, this can bring convenience when adopting LabView establishment signals collecting program, according to the signal way of gathering, select suitable I/V plate and capture card, the input of 6 tunnel analogue signals is arranged among the present invention, can adopt model is the data collecting card of PCI-6229M, and this card contains 32 tunnel 16 analog input channel (250kS/s), 4 tunnel 16 simulation outputs (833kS/s), 48 way word I/O and 2 32 counting/timers.The I/V plate is chosen the CB-68LP type that is complementary with capture card.Stabilized power supply 7 needs to adopt constant voltage, the DC electrical source of constant current output, adopt GW INSTEK GPS-3303C type stabilized power supply in the accompanying drawing 1, shielding wire 8 can be bribed two lines or the three-way shielding wire of usefulness according to the sensor groups of buying, and operating mode machine 6 adopts present common configuration to get final product.
The pressure that the pipeline section terminus need be gathered, flow and temperature, be transformed into electrical signal through sensor groups, after pass to signal pre-process equipment, carry out signal condition, be transferred on the I/V plate that links to each other with the operating mode machine through shielding wire 8 then, the I/V plate is converted to 1-5 volt voltage signal with 4-20 milliampere current signal, then by the capture card collection, data are passed on the operating mode machine 6 show processing, the LabView language compilation of the data acquisition program in the operating mode machine.LabView has strong functions aspect signals collecting, transmission and the processing, simple and easy to use, can be system development and save great amount of manpower and time, utilize it can be achieved as follows systemic-function: remote monitoring, data preservation, acoustooptic alarm, historical data playback, parameter setting, administration authority etc.
Fig. 2 is a kind of Leak testtion and localization method schematic representation based on transient model, among the figure, PMT is pressure, flow, temperature transducer, RTU is a RTU, gather pressure, flow and temperature signal and be saved in the SCADA database at the pipeline section two ends that will carry out Leak testtion, with the data of gathering input as pipeline model.The strict mathematics model that equation of continuity, motion equation, energy equation and the equation of state of gas that pipeline model is flowed by fluid formed, set of equation is non-linear, need to adopt method of characteristics to find the solution, draw the relation of pipeline flow along the line, pressure and time, distance according to the input data, and then draw the pipeline pressure in arbitrary moment of each point along the line, flow rate calculation value.The data of actual acquisition and the calculated value of pipeline model are analyzed and handle, then the result is fed back to SCADA, handle.The comparative analysis of actual acquired data and pipeline model calculated value and processing comprise Leak testtion and leakage positioning.
Fig. 3 is the Leak testtion algorithm block diagram, the terminus data that calculate with the pipeline terminus data of actual measurement with by pipeline model are poor, ask for signal waveform characteristic statistics parameter (the average amplitude distance of the data sequence after doing to differ from then, root-mean-square distance, the slope mean distance), definition waveform configuration statistics criterion is the linear combination of above-mentioned three distances, wherein, the weights of each distance are determined by test according to the importance degree that detects requirement and 3 distances, when determining not take place to leak, the waveform configuration statistics criterion that draws is the leakage judgment threshold, can change the size of threshold value by the linear combination weights that change three distances, in usual Leak testtion, the waveform configuration statistics criterion that draws is the parametric statistics value, parametric statistics value and leakage judgment threshold are compared, when the parametric statistics value when leaking judgment threshold, just think leakage has taken place, and send the leakage alarm signal.
Fig. 4 is pressure gradient method positioning principle figure, curve 1 is the pressure diagram along the line of the actual measurement of pipeline when leaking, curve 2 is the pipeline pressure histories along the line that simulate as boundary conditions with starting point pressure, flow, the temperature of surveying, curve 3 is the pipeline pressure histories along the line that simulate as boundary conditions with terminal pressure, flow, the temperature of surveying, curve 2 and curve 3 will have an intersection point, and this intersection point is exactly the leakage point of pipeline theoretically.
Fig. 5 is based on the Leak testtion and the finder flow chart of transient model, is the subsequent treatment part after signal is gathered by hardware components, mainly realizes in the operating mode machine, comprises data acquisition program and Leak testtion and finder two-part.Data acquisition program is undertaken the task that digital signal that capture card is gathered shows, stores and send on the operating mode machine, by the LabView language compilation; Leak testtion and finder are the major components of data processing, are made up of modules such as leaking judgement, leakage positioning and historical data playback.Leak judgment method as shown in Figure 3, leakage locating method as shown in Figure 4, the historical data playback is that the data of will be preserved by data acquisition program or Leak testtion and finder in the past show on the operating mode machine again, for the running state of checking before the pipeline.
Claims (2)
1. gas pipeline Leak testtion and positioning device based on a transient model method, comprise sensor groups, signal pre-process equipment, I/V plate, capture card, stabilized power supply, operating mode machine, it is characterized in that: sensor groups is made up of pressure transmitter, flow transmitter and temperature transmitter, be connected the terminus that will carry out the Leak testtion pipeline section, directly the gas with the pipeline the inside contacts, signal pre-process equipment is positioned near the signal source, the I/V plate is positioned near the operating mode machine, and links to each other with capture card on being inserted in operating mode machine mainboard; The pressure that the pipeline section terminus need be gathered, flow and temperature, be transformed into electrical signal through sensor groups, after pass to signal pre-process equipment, carry out signal condition, be transferred on the I/V plate that links to each other with the operating mode machine through shielding wire then, the I/V plate is converted to 1-5 volt voltage signal with 4-20 milliampere current signal, then by the capture card collection, data are passed on the operating mode machine show processing, data acquisition program in the operating mode machine is write with configuration software, and stabilized power supply provides each instrument and apparatus needed VDC.
2. one kind based on the gas pipeline Leak testtion of transient model method and the method for location, its feature is being: the gas in the gas pipeline is set up strict mathematics model, the use characteristic collimation method is found the solution its Nonlinear System of Equations, based on actual terminus pressure and the data on flows that records, obtain gas flow parameter (flow, pressure and temperature) in time with the variation relation of length of pipeline, then the pipeline that calculates is risen, rising of terminal point flow and pipeline actual measurement, the terminal point flow compares, by difference is between the two leaked judgement with the method that the leakage judgment threshold compares, adopt pressure gradient that leakage point is positioned simultaneously, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) sets up the gas pipeline transient simulation set of equation of forming by fluid mobile equation of continuity, motion equation, energy equation and equation of state of gas, because set of equation is non-linear, need to adopt method of characteristics to find the solution, obtain the relation of pipeline flow along the line, pressure and time, distance, and then draw the pipeline pressure in arbitrary moment of each point along the line, flow rate calculation value;
(2) with the pipeline leakage floor data as the basis, adopt the method for pressure and the parametric statistics of flux signal wave character to obtain leaking judgment threshold, specific implementation is:
1. calculate letter pressure flow wave character statistical parameter
A. average amplitude distance;
B. root-mean-square distance;
C. slope mean distance;
2. determine waveform configuration statistics criterion
Waveform configuration statistics criterion is the linear combination of above-mentioned three distances, and wherein, the weights of each distance are determined by test according to the importance degree that detects requirement and 3 distances, changed the size that they can change threshold value;
(3) flow or the pressure difference value that calculates the actual measurement of pipeline start, end and simulate, and the method that adopts signal waveform special parameter statistics calculates the parametric statistics value of this difference, compare with the leakage judgment threshold, when the parametric statistics value when leaking judgment threshold, just think leakage has taken place, and send the leakage alarm signal;
(4) situation about flowing for transient state adopts pressure gradient method to carry out leakage positioning, the basic principle of pressure gradient method be with the starting point pressure of field measurement and data on flows as boundary conditions, can simulate a pressure history that pipeline is along the line; Equally, as boundary conditions, also can simulate a pressure history that pipeline is along the line with the terminal pressure of field measurement, data on flows, these two pressure histories will have an intersection point, and this intersection point is exactly the leakage point of pipeline theoretically.
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US5974862A (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 1999-11-02 | Flow Metrix, Inc. | Method for detecting leaks in pipelines |
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