CN1268972A - pta 1dhA双重突变大肠杆菌SS373及由其生产琥珀酸的方法 - Google Patents

pta 1dhA双重突变大肠杆菌SS373及由其生产琥珀酸的方法 Download PDF

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CN1268972A
CN1268972A CN98808709A CN98808709A CN1268972A CN 1268972 A CN1268972 A CN 1268972A CN 98808709 A CN98808709 A CN 98808709A CN 98808709 A CN98808709 A CN 98808709A CN 1268972 A CN1268972 A CN 1268972A
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潘在龟
申秀安
朴赞圭
金泌
张东银
金宰恩
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种突变大肠杆菌SS373以及使用该菌株进行琥珀酸生产的方法。详细地说就是,利用基因工程技术构建了一种乙酸和乳酸形成途径缺陷的新的大肠杆菌SS373(W3110pta::Tn10 ldhA::Km)。然后将好氧培养的SS373在琥珀酸生产阶段转变成厌氧条件培养,由此有效地提高了琥珀酸的产量。

Description

pta ldhA双重突变大肠杆菌 SS373及由其生产琥珀酸的方法
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及一种突变大肠杆菌SS373以及使用该菌株进行琥珀酸生产。详细地说就是,利用基因工程技术构建了一种乙酸和乳酸形成途径缺陷的新的大肠杆菌SS373(W3110 pta∷Tn10 ldhA∷Km)。然后将好氧培养的SS373在琥珀酸生产阶段转变成厌氧条件培养,由此有效地提高了琥珀酸的产量。
现有技术描述
琥珀酸是生物学系统中的一种基本代谢物和TCA循环的一种中间产物。在石化工业中,琥珀酸被用作1,4-丁二醇、四氢呋喃、γ-丁内酯的前体。它还可用于食品和化妆品工业。商业上使用化学方法生产琥珀酸。最近,生物学方法作为环境卫生方法开始引起大家的注意。此外,生物学方法可以利用低价、可再生的资源生产琥珀酸。由于上述原因,琥珀酸的生物学生产在最近几年内被广泛研究,特别是严格厌氧的产琥珀酸厌氧螺菌(Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens)(US专利号5573931、5521075、5504004)。然而,该菌营养需要复杂,生长速率慢,而且在要求严格厌氧的生产过程中存在困难。
发明概要
为了解决琥珀酸生产中严格厌氧菌的问题,通过基因工程构建了兼性厌氧的大肠杆菌。通过使用突变的大肠杆菌,提高了琥珀酸的产量。因此,本发明的目的是构建突变大肠杆菌和通过使用该突变大肠杆菌提高琥珀酸产量。
图的简要描述
图1描绘了SS373利用各种碳源的代谢途径。图2显示了SS373的琥珀酸生产特征曲线。
本发明的详细描述
本发明的特征是大肠杆菌SS373(W3110 pta∷Tn10 ldhA∷Km)。本发明还涉及细胞好氧生长之后厌氧生产琥珀酸的方法。详细的描述如下:
正如Bergey手册中所描述的,大肠杆菌具有以下特征:兼性厌氧,杆状,革兰氏阳性,营养需要简单,生长速率快(倍增时间≈20分钟),最适温度37℃,最适pH7.0。特别地,大肠杆菌在厌氧条件下利用葡萄糖产生乙酸、乳酸、甲酸、琥珀酸和乙醇的混合物。大肠杆菌的生理学和遗传学已经被深入研究,而且大肠杆菌的新陈代谢可以被容易地控制和评估。此外,代谢工程可以通过基因工程技术容易地应用。琥珀酸大规模生产的原理:
为了能够使用大肠杆菌进行琥珀酸生产,将大肠杆菌W3110进行了遗传修饰。对修饰后的大肠杆菌进一步优化以利于提高产量。
因为大肠杆菌进行混合的酸发酵,所以应当改变大肠杆菌的代谢途径以有效生产琥珀酸。通过遗传阻断产生其它产物的途径,可以提高琥珀酸的产量。首先,对大肠杆菌编码乙酸和乳酸途径第一个酶的pta和ldhA基因进行突变。
构建的菌株在好氧条件下快速生长,然后在厌氧条件下生产琥珀酸。由此产生的琥珀酸可以穿过细胞膜在培养基中积累,从而避免了细胞的反馈控制。积累的琥珀酸可以通过电渗析技术高纯度回收(Hongo,M.,应用环境微生物学(Appl.Environ.Microbiol.),52-2,314-319(1986))。双重突变大肠杆菌的构建:
使用Silhavy建议的方法构建双重突变的大肠杆菌。步骤1:制备转化的P1噬菌体:
分别制备大肠杆菌CP993(pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1)(Shin,S.A.和C.K.Park,细菌学杂志(J.Bacteriol.),177,4696-4702(1995))和大肠杆菌NZN117(ldhA∷Km)(Bunch,P.K.等人,微生物学(Microbiology),143,187-195(1997))的P1裂解液。步骤2:将pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1经P1转导至W3110:
使用大肠杆菌W3110(大肠杆菌品种中心保藏编号(CGSC)4474)作为受体菌株。通过P1转导,大肠杆菌CP993的插入突变基因(pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1)被转移至大肠杆菌W3110。在四环素选择培养板上筛选突变体大肠杆菌菌株,得到大肠杆菌W3110 pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1。步骤3:将ldhA∷Km经P1转导至W3110 pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1:
为了得到乳酸生产缺陷型菌株,将NZN117的P1裂解液感染大肠杆菌W3110 pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1。在卡那霉素培养板上筛选得到的菌株就是双重突变的W3110 pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1 ldhA∷Km。SS373利用各种碳源生产琥珀酸的原理:
虽然产生琥珀酸的各种途径因碳源的不同有略微变化,但是磷酸化是一个共同步骤(图1)。在葡萄糖(最普通的碳源)的情况中,当葡萄糖通过磷酸转移酶系统(PTS)转运时,已知主要的磷酸供体是磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)。涉及葡萄糖吸收的PEP转变成丙酮酸,而且因为琥珀酸衍生自草酰乙酸(OAA),所以产生琥珀酸的机会相对降低。然而在半乳糖、木糖和麦芽糖的情况中,磷酸基团由ATP传递,与葡萄糖的情况相比PEP将被保存。在PTS中作为磷酸供体的PEP的保存,将导致琥珀酸产量的增加,以及副产物形成的降低。
本发明在下列实施例中将被详细描述,但是并不因此而受限制。实施例1:用于琥珀酸生产的双重突变大肠杆菌的构建步骤1.制备转化的P1噬菌体:
使用Silhavy的方法进行P1转导。将pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1和ldhA∷Km的每种大肠杆菌菌株在3ml TGC培养基(0.1%葡萄糖,乳胰蛋白胨,10mMCaCl2)中进行预培养。将生长过夜的细胞转移至3ml TGC培养基中并在摇床中于35℃培养1小时。当细胞的吸收值(600nm)达到0.1时,感染P1噬菌体(30μl,浓度为1010pfu/ml)并培养2-3小时。细胞裂解后,加入氯仿(0.1ml),接着离心得到上清液。称为P1裂解液的上清液相含有pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1和ldhA∷Km经P1噬菌体。步骤2.将pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1经P1转导至W3110:
离心得到生长过夜的大肠杆菌W3110细胞。用0.5ml二价离子溶液(10mM MgSO4,5mM CaCl2)重悬细胞后,添加pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1(0.01-0.1ml)的P1裂解液。混合液于室温搁置15分钟。离心收集细胞,接着用1ml 1M柠檬酸钠洗两遍。在LB培养基中活化后,在含有四环素(13μg/ml)的LB-琼脂培养板上筛选突变体细胞。步骤3.将ldhA∷Km经P1转导至W3110 pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1:
将由步骤1所得ldhA∷Km的P1裂解液感染由步骤2得到的菌株。重复步骤2的相同过程后,在含有卡那霉素(20μg/ml)的LB-琼脂培养板上得到双重突变体W3110 pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1 ldhA∷Km
最终得到的大肠杆菌W3110 pta∷Tn10-lacZ-1 ldhA∷Km被命名为大肠杆菌SS373。大肠杆菌SS373于1997年7月28日保藏于韩国典型培养物保藏中心(KCTC;52,Ereun-dong,Yusong-ku,Taejeon 305-333,韩国)(该中心是布达佩斯条约的国际菌株保藏单位)保藏,保藏编号为KCTC8818P。为了进行PCT国际申请,于1998年7月29日在布达佩斯条约下进行了原始保藏物的转化,并得到新的保藏编号,如KCTC 0506BP。
大肠杆菌SS373可以在葡萄糖培养基上在厌氧条件下培养,因为它可以产生乙酰辅酶A,而大肠杆菌NZN111(Clark.D.P.,FEMS Microbiol.Rev.,63,223-234(1989))却不能。实施例2:葡萄糖培养基中的琥珀酸生产
在利用葡萄糖的培养基上培养大肠杆菌SS373。培养基的组分如表1所示。表1
组分 葡萄糖 Na2HPO4H2O NaH2PO4 酵母提取物 Na2CO3
浓度(g/l) 15 7 3 5 3.18
注意:pH通过滴加少量浓硫酸调至7.0。
将SS373的单菌落在15ml试管中于37℃二次培养12小时。将细胞转移至50ml培养基(250ml爱伦美氏烧瓶)中并培养至600nm吸收值达到0.5。将如上得到的活跃生长的细胞接种至含有1升培养基的2.5升发酵罐中并于37℃,pH7.0,好氧条件(350rpm,1vvm)培养。当吸收值(600nm)达到4.0时,停止供氧并通入混合气(5%CO2,95%N2)。在厌氧转变时添加葡萄糖溶液500ml(60g/l)。此后培养34小时,得到11g/l琥珀酸和0.8g/l丙酮酸(图2)。
使用HPLC-UV系统(Gilson,法国)和糖类分析柱(HPX-87H,Bio-Rad)评估琥珀酸和丙酮酸浓度。使用葡萄糖分析仪(2300STAT,Yellow SpringInstruments)测量葡萄糖浓度。实施例3:利用各种糖类的琥珀酸生产
在含有不同碳源的培养基(表2)中培养大肠杆菌SS373和W3110。使用的碳源分别为葡萄糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖和木糖。表2
组分 *碳源 Na2HPO4·H2O NaH2PO4 酵母提取物 Na2CO3
浓度(g/l) 10 7 3 5 3.18
注意:滴加浓硫酸调pH至7.0。*碳源分别为葡萄糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖和木糖。
将SS373的单菌落在15ml试管中于37℃二次培养12小时。将细胞转移至10ml培养基(100ml爱伦美氏烧瓶)中。将生物量调整至600nm吸收值约为1.0。向烧瓶中通入5% CO2并用硅塞封闭以达到厌氧条件。细胞于37℃培养8小时,并测定有机酸形成(表3)。
在野生菌株的情况中,如W3110,主要有机酸是乳酸和乙酸,而在SS373中琥珀酸和丙酮酸是主要要素。在SS373中,琥珀酸与丙酮酸的比例随着使用的碳源而变化。葡萄糖培养基的琥珀酸对丙酮酸比1∶2,而麦芽糖为1∶0.8,半乳糖和木糖为1∶0.3。由半乳糖和木糖得到几乎纯的琥珀酸,浓度分别为1.9和1.6g/1。因此,在琥珀酸生产中为实现高纯度和产量,优选使用非PTS糖类,因为磷酸化中使用的PEP得到保存。表3碳源对大肠杆菌SS373中琥珀酸生产的影响
菌株   碳源   琥珀酸(g/l)   丙酮酸(g/l)    乳酸(g/l)    乙酸(g/l)
W3110   葡萄糖     0.6     0     1.0     1.0
  麦芽糖     0.5     0     1.6     1.6
  半乳糖     2.1     0     0.8     2.3
  木糖     1.6     0.2     0.9     1.6
SS373   葡萄糖     2.7     5.3     0     0.6
  麦芽糖     2.3     1.8     0     0.1
  半乳糖     1.9     0.6     0     0.3
  木糖     1.6     0.4     0     0.4
正如记录的,在新的大肠杆菌SS373中,可以不需要严格控制厌氧条件并无需复杂营养供给即可生产琥珀酸。此外,由于大肠杆菌SS373能有效产生琥珀酸,因而生产速率快。而且,使用导致PEP保存的碳源可以生产几乎纯的琥珀酸。

Claims (3)

1.乙酸和乳酸形成缺陷、保藏号为KCTC 0506BP的pta ldhA双重突变体大肠杆菌SS373。
2.利用pta ldhA双重突变体大肠杆菌SS373,通过琥珀酸生产的两阶段培养法生产琥珀酸的方法,包括在好氧条件(包括合适的碳源)下培养该大肠杆菌SS373,然后在厌氧条件下生产琥珀酸。
3.根据权利要求2的生产琥珀酸的方法,其中所述合适的碳源是摄取机制和回补代谢与葡萄糖不同的非PTS碳源。
CNB98808709XA 1997-07-31 1998-07-31 pta 1dhA双重突变大肠杆菌SS373及由其生产琥珀酸的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1146656C (zh)

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Cited By (5)

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CN101918574A (zh) * 2007-12-28 2010-12-15 罗盖特公司 大规模的微生物培养法
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CN101044245B (zh) * 2004-08-27 2012-05-02 莱斯大学 具有增加的琥珀酸产量的突变大肠杆菌菌株
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